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Technical collage Kirkuk, Fuel and Energy Engineering Department, Foundation of Technical Education, Iraq
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, SSET, SHIATS-DU, Allahabad
Abstract
Performance of a gas turbine is mainly depends on various parameters e.g. ambient temperature, compressor pressure ratio, turbine
inlet temperature etc. The most important parameter to increase the life of the turbine blade is the cooling of the blade, which is
necessary after reaching a certain temperature of the gases passing through the blades. Various types of cooling models are available
for a turbine blade cooling. The power output of a gas turbine depends on the mass flow rate through it. This is precisely the reason
why on hot days, when air is less dense, power output falls off. This paper is to analyze the film cooling technique that was developed
to cool gases in the initial stages of the turbine blades, where temperature is very high (>1122 K). It is found that the thermal
efficiency of a cooled gas turbine is less as compare to the uncooled gas turbine for the same input conditions. The reason is that the
temperature at the inlet of the turbine is decreased due to cooling and the work produced by the turbine is slightly decreased. It is also
found that the power consumption of the cool inlet air is of considerable concern since it decreases the net power output of gas
turbine. In addition, net power decreases on increasing the overall pressure ratio. Furthermore, the reviewed works revealed that the
efficiency of the cooled gas turbine largely depends on the inlet temperature of the turbine and previous research said that the
temperature above 1123K, require cooling of the blade.
Keywords: Gas turbine, Turbine blade cooling, film cooling technique, Thermal Efficiency
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
In a bid to remain at the forefront of technological
development as well as a technical expert to United States
industry, NASA identified the need for an improved design
process within the civilian aero engine industry, in hopes of
improving their market share, reducing time to market, and
minimizing research costs [2]. Areas of interest included, but
were not limited to, high temperature materials, advancing
turbine analysis techniques, and improving the overall engine
design and analysis process. The latter interest called for the
impact assessment of engine component technologies from the
micro to system levels [2]. A good example of the need for
this type of analysis comes from determining the required
service life of a turbine blade, which is limited by the exit
temperature from the combustor and the material properties
that in turn, limits the performance of the gas turbine. Ideally,
the engine would operate at a high enough temperature to
achieve the highest possible thrust rating [3], while at the same
time maintaining an economic service life. Currently, to
address the issue of exit temperature, modern turbines utilize a
cooled turbine blade to improve the possible rotor inlet
temperature, and this necessary cooling flow has a strong
impact on the turbine efficiency [4, 5]. By improving cooling
technology for a gas turbine blade it is possible to increase the
combustor exit temperature sufficiently, therefore achieving
good improvement in turbine efficiency and thrust [6].
However, this improvement does not prove viable when
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2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 Open Gas Turbine Cycle
mcl
(2)
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604
Energy balance:
Wc = ma,e . ha,e +
(3)
p2
T2 T1 =
T2
T1
Where
(4)
p1
T1
p2
p1
a 1
a
(5)
a 1
p2
p1
p 2 pc . a
p1
Ti
(6)
Te
pi
pt . t 1
t
(11)
pe
mcl
(12)
Where
Mass balance:
mg = ma,i + mf,cc
and mcl represents the sum of air coolant flow rates to the
stage (stator and rotor).
Energy balance:
cc . mf,cc . LCVf = mg,e . hg,e ma,i . ha,i
(8)
Energy balance:
mg,i . hg,i + mcl,i . hcl,i = mg,e . hg,e + WT
(9)
mcl
mg
ma
c pg .T e c pa .T i
cc .LCV f c pg .T e
(14)
(13)
(7)
(10)
=0.0156. Rc
(15)
trans
iso
film
= 0.4
Where
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605
(16)
'
3600 m f
W net
(kg/kWhr)
0.06
'
trans =
Rc
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
(18)
0.37
(19)
0.36
0.35
3. RESULTS
0.34
0.33
Thermal Efficiency
0.32
OPR=10
OPR=15
OPR=20
OPR=25
OPR=30
OPR=35
OPR=40
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
0.36
0.34
Thermal Efficiency
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.34
Pa=1.01325 bar
OPR = 30
Ta = 300 K
0.26
0.32
0.30
0.24
0.20
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0.28
Thermal Efficiency
0.22
0.26
0.24
OPR=10
OPR=15
OPR=20
OPR=25
OPR=30
OPR=35
OPR=40
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
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0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
Work Ratio
0.55
0.50
OPR=10
OPR=15
OPR=20
OPR=25
OPR=30
OPR=35
OPR=40
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
0.80
0.75
OPR=10
OPR=15
OPR=20
OPR=25
OPR=30
OPR=35
OPR=40
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
0.7
OPR=10
OPR=15
OPR=20
OPR=25
OPR=30
OPR=35
OPR=40
0.6
Net Power
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
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0.36
0.35
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
Ta=280 K
Ta=290 K
Ta=300 K
Ta=310 K
Ta=320 K
Ta=330 K
Thermal Efficiency without turbine blade cooling
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
0.038
Pa=1.01325 bar
OPR=30
TIT=1500 K
1st Stator
1st Rotor
2nd Stator
0.034
'
0.036
'
0.032
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.26
Ta=280 K
Ta=290 K
Ta=300 K
Ta=310 K
Ta=320 K
Ta=330 K
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.030
0.028
0.026
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
280
290
300
310
320
330
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
0.9
Ta=280 K
Ta=290 K
Ta=300 K
Ta=310 K
Ta=320 K
Ta=330 K
0.8
0.7
Ta=280 K
Ta=290 K
Ta=300 K
Ta=310 K
Ta=320 K
Ta=330 K
0.34
Pa=1.01325 bar
OPR=30
0.33
Pa=1.01325 bar
TIT=1500 K
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
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0.300
0.295
0.290
0.285
0.280
0.275
0.270
0.265
0.260
0.255
0.250
0.245
0.240
0.235
0.230
0.225
0.220
Pa=1.01325 bar
TIT=1500 K
Ta=280 K
Ta=290 K
Ta=300 K
Ta=310 K
Ta=320 K
Ta=330 K
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.038
0.036
'
'
0.030
0.032
'
'
'
'
'
'
0.034
Pa=1.01325 bar
TIT=1500 K
Ta=300 K
Parameter
Atm. Press.
Turbine Efficiency
Compressor Efficiency
Mechanical Efficiency
Mass of air flow
Turbine Inlet Temp
Overall Pressure Ratio
Value
1.01325 bar
90%
90%
99%
1 kg/s
1200-2000K
10-40
0.028
REFERENCES
0.026
0.024
0.022
0.020
0.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
4. CONCLUSIONS
The gas turbine power plant has been analyzed for various
parameters. The most important parameter which has been
covered in this work is the new method of calculating the
coolant flow requirements for gas turbine blades especially at
higher temperatures. There are various types of cooling
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BIOGRAPHIES
Amjed Ahmed Jasim AL-Luhaibi born
on 8th Aug 1988 and completed B. Tech.
from Technical collage / Kirkuk in fuel
and energy engineering department,
Foundation of Technical Education, Iraq .
Currently pursuing M. Tech. in
Thermal engineering,
Mechanical
engineering department Sam Higginbottom Institute of
Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (Formerly Allahabad
Agricultural Institute-Deemed University)
Dr. Mohammad Tariq, Assistant
Professor, Department of Mechanical
engineering, SSET, Sam Higginbottom
Institute of Agriculture, Technology and
Sciences
(Formerly
Allahabad
Agricultural
Institute-Deemed
University), Allahabad, UP, India. I have
more than 14 years of academic experiences. About 20
articles/ papers have already been published in various
journals. More than 20 M. Tech. students have been
supervised. 5 students are doing Ph.D. under my supervision.
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