English Grammar Notes

PARTS OF SPEECH
Different types of words which are used while speaking and writing a sentence.
In English language there are 9 parts of speech.
1)Noun
2)Pronoun
3) Verb
4) Adjective
5)Preposition
6) Adverb
7) Conjunction
8) Interjection
*To some grammarians9) Articles is also include in parts of speech.
1) NOUN (naming words)
The name of person place or thing
Examples:
Ali, Sana, Lahore, School, Chair, Pen , sun ,boy, gold etc
Kinds of Noun
There are 5 types of noun.
a) Common Noun
The name of everything of same class, place or person
Examples:
Boy, man, mosque etc
b) Proper Noun
The name of any particular thing, place or person
Examples:
Ali, Lahore, Chanab,etc
c) Collective Noun
A word used to name the group of persons, places or things
Examples:
Class, army, crowd, etc
d) Abstract Noun
A word used to name a quality, action or state
/*these nouns cannot be seen or touched*/
Examples:
Honesty, kindness, love, poverty, childhood, etc
e) Material Noun
Name of the material from which many things can be build
Examples:
Iron, wood, cotton,milk, etc
2) PRONOUN (replace noun)

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English Grammar Notes

A word used in place of noun
Examples:
I, We, they, she, he, it, etc
Persons of Pronoun:
There are three persons of Pronoun.

1st person->denote the persons speaking->e.g I,We, my, our, us, me etc
2nd person->denote the persons we are speaking to->e.g you, your, yours
3rd person->person whom we are talking->e.g he, she, it, his, their,heretc

3) VERB (action words)

A word which shows action, state or activity
Examples:
Play, went, eat, run, sing, sit, come, sleep, spend, saved etc
/* is, am, are was,were, has, have, had, will, shall etc also called helping verb*/
FORMS OF VERBS
There are three forms of verbs
1) Present
2) past
3)past participle
/* use your notes or English grammar book for learn these forms */
4) ADJECTIVE (describing words)
A word used to describe the quality, number or quantity of noun
Examples:
Dark night, bright morning, ten students, fat man, dirty room etc
DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES

Positive Degree-> simplest form ->e.g sweet, intelligent etc

Comparative Degree-> compare two things->e.gtaller than you, more beautifuletc
Superlative Degree-> highest degree of quality,(used when more than two things
are compared) ->e.gstrongest, cleverest girl etc

5) ADVERB(modifying words)
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English Grammar Notes

A word which modifies the meaning of a verb, adjective or another adverb.
It tells us how, when, where and how often action takes place.
Examples:
1. She walks slowly.
2. She is very beautiful. 3. He is too careless.
6) PREPOSITION(showing position)
A word which shows position of something regards to another.
It tells us where something is.
Examples:
At, on, over, into, in, to etc
7) CONJUNCTION (joining words)
The word used to join two words or sentences to each other.
Examples:
1) We work and play together.
2) He is poor but honest.
8) INTERJECTION (express feelings)
The words that express some sudden emotion or feelings of happiness, sorrow or wonder

Examples:
Hurrah!, Alas!, Oh!, Wow!, etc
9) ARTICLE
It is a kind of adjective which is always used with noun or adjective and gives some
information about a noun.
Types of article:
There are two types of articles:
1) Definite article: indicates that its noun is a particular one which is identifiable to the
listener.
The is definite article.
2) Indefinite article: indicates that its noun is not a particular one->a and an are
indefinite articles.
A: if a word start with sound of consonant we us a before it.-> a table, a book, a
pen etc
An: if a word start with sound of vowels we use an before it.-> an ant, an
honest, an F.A etc

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