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APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS

I Power SI:
CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: Pump power
Reference points for the energy equation:
Example Problem 11.1
Point 1: At surface of lower reservoir
Fig. 11.2
Point 2: At surface of upper reservoir
System Data:
SI Metric Units
Volume flow rate: Q =
0.015 m3/s
Elevation at point 1 =
2.00 m
Pressure at point 1 =
0 kPa
Elevation at point 2 =
12.00 m
Pressure at point 2 =
0 kPa
If Ref. pt. is in pipe: Set v1 "= B20" OR Set v2 "= E20"
Velocity at point 1 =
0 m/s --> Vel head at point 1 =
0 m
Velocity at point 2 =
0 m/s --> Vel head at point 2 =
0 m
May need to compute
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
7.74 kN/m3
Kinematic viscosity = 7.10E-07 m2/s
Pipe 1: 4-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Pipe 2: 2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.1023 m
Diameter: D =
0.0525 m
Wall roughness: = 4.60E-05 m
Wall roughness: = 4.60E-05 m [See Table 8.2]
Length: L =
15 m
Length: L =
200 m
2
Area: A = 8.22E-03 m
Area: A = 2.16E-03 m2 [A = D2/4]
D/ =
D/ =
2224
1141
Relative roughness
L/D =
147
L/D =
3810
Flow Velocity =
1.82 m/s
Flow Velocity =
6.93 m/s [v = Q/A]
Velocity head =
0.170 m
Velocity head =
2.447 m
[v2/2g]
[NR = vD/
Reynolds No. = 2.63E+05
Reynolds No. = 5.13E+05
Friction factor: f =
Energy losses-Pipe 1:
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =

0.0182
K
2.67

Energy loss hL1 =

0.453 m Friction

Entrance loss: K2 =

0.50

Energy loss hL2 =

0.085 m

Element 3: K3 =

0.00

Energy loss hL3 =

0.000 m

Energy loss hL4 =

0.000 m

Energy loss hL5 =

0.000 m

Energy loss hL6 =

0.000 m

Energy loss hL7 =

0.000 m

0.00
K

1
Qty.

Energy loss hL8 =

0.000 m

75.35

Energy loss hL1 =

Energy loss hL2 =

15.81 m

Energy loss hL3 =

2.79 m

Energy loss hL4 =

2.45 m

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 m

Total energy loss hLtot =

205.98 m

Total head on pump: hA =

216.0 m

Element 4: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =
Element 6: K6 =
Element 7: K7 =
Element 8: K8 =
Energy losses-Pipe 2:
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
Globe valve: K2 =
2 std elbows: K3 =
Exit loss: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =
Element 6: K6 =
Element 7: K7 =
Element 8: K8 =

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

6.46
0.57
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
Results:

Friction factor: f =

0.0198

Using Eq. 8-7

Qty.

Power added to fluid: PA =


Pump efficiency =
Power input to pump: PI =

184.40 m Friction

25.08 kW
76.00 %
32.99 kW

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS


I Power US:
CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: Pump power
Reference points for the energy equation:
Problem 11.29
Pt. 1: At pump inlet - Point A in Figure 11.23
Fig. 11.26
Pt. 2: In free stream of fluid outside nozzle
System Data:
U.S. Customary Units
Volume flow rate: Q =
0.5 ft3/s
Elevation at point 1 =
0 ft
Pressure at point 1 =
-3.5 psig
Elevation at point 2 =
80 ft
If
Ref.
pt.
is
in
pipe:
Set
v
"=
B20"
OR Set v2 "= E20"
Pressure at point 2 =
0 psig
1
Velocity at point 1 =
9.74 ft/s -->
Vel head at point 1 =
1.47 ft
Velocity at point 2 =
54.24 ft/s -->
Vel head at point 2 =
45.68 ft
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
64.00 lb/ft3
Pipe 1: 3-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.2557 ft
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-04 ft
Length: L =
0 ft
Area: A = 0.05135 ft2
D/ =
1705
L/D =
0
Flow Velocity =
9.74 ft/s
Velocity head =
1.472 ft
Reynolds No. = 1.24E+05
Friction factor: f =
0.0203
Energy losses-Pipe 1:
K
Pipe: K1 =
0.00
Element 2: K2 =
0.00
Element 3: K3 =
Element 4: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =
Element 6: K6 =
Element 7: K7 =
Element 8: K8 =
Energy losses-Pipe 2:
Pipe: K1 =
Elbow: K2 =
Nozzle: K3 =
Element 4: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =

Kinematic viscosity = 2.01E-05 ft2/s


Pipe 2: 2 1/2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.2058 ft
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-04 ft [See Table 8.2]
Length: L =
82 ft
Area: A = 0.03326 ft2 [A = D2/4]
D/ =
1372
Relative roughness
L/D =
398
Flow Velocity =
15.03 ft/s [v = Q/A]
Velocity head =
3.508 ft
[v2/2g]
[NR = vD/
Reynolds No. = 1.54E+05
Friction factor: f =

0.0205

Qty.
1

Energy loss hL1 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL2 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL3 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft

0.00
K

1
Qty.

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 ft

8.16

Energy loss hL1 =

28.61 ft

Energy loss hL2 =

1.89 ft

Energy loss hL3 =

114.37 ft

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 ft
0.00 ft

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

0.54
32.60
0.00
0.00

Element 6: K6 =

0.00

Energy loss hL6 =

Element 7: K7 =

0.00

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft

Element 8: K8 =

0.00

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 ft

Total energy loss hLtot =

144.88 ft

Total head on pump: hA =

277.0 ft

Power added to fluid: PA =

16.11 hp
76.00 %

Results:

Pump efficiency =

Using Eq. 8-7

Power input to pump: PI =

21.20 hp

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS


I Pressure SI:
CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: Pressure: Point 2
Reference points for the energy equation:
Problem 11.7-Mott-Modified
Pt. 1: In pipe at Point A
Fig. 11.17
Pt. 2: In pipe at Point B
System Data:
SI Metric Units
Volume flow rate: Q = 2.83E-05 m3/s
Elevation at point 1 =
0 m
Pressure at point 1 =
100 kPa
Elevation at point 2 =
1.2 m
If
Ref.
pt.
is
in
pipe:
Set
v
"=
B20"
OR Set v2 "= E20"
*Pressure at point 2 to be determined*
1
Velocity at point 1 =
0.346 m/s --> Vel head at point 1 = 0.006104 m
Velocity at point 2 =
0.346 m/s --> Vel head at point 2 = 0.006104 m
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight = 12.2625
Pipe 1: 1/2-in x 0.049 steel tube
Diameter: D = 0.01021
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-06
Length: L =
30
Area: A = 8.19E-05
D/ =
6807
L/D =
2938
Flow Velocity =
0.346
Velocity head = 0.006104
Reynolds No. = 1.47E+04
Friction factor: f =
0.0282
Energy losses-Pipe 1:
K
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
82.96
Check Valve: K2 =
1.95

kN/m3
m
m
m
m2

m/s
m

Kinematic viscosity = 2.40E-07 m2/s


Pipe 2: None
Diameter: D = 0.09797 m
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-06 m See Table 8.2
Length: L =
0 m
Area: A = 7.54E-03 m2 [A = D2/4]
D/ =
65313
Relative roughness
L/D =
0
Flow Velocity =
0.0038 m/s [v = Q/A]
Velocity head =
0.0000 m
[NR = vD/
Reynolds No. = 1.53E+03
Friction factor: f =

0.0563 Using Eq. 8-7

Energy loss hL1 =

0.5064 m Friction
0.0119 m (fT = 0.013)

Qty.
1

Energy loss hL2 =

Globe Valve: K3 =

4.420

Energy loss hL3 =

Return Bends: K4 =

0.65

Energy loss hL4 =

Element 5: K5 =

0.00

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 m

Element 6: K6 =

0.00

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 m

Element 7: K7 =

0.00

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 m

Element 8: K8 =

0.00
K

1
Qty.

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 m

0.00

Energy loss hL1 =

0.00 m Friction

Element 2: K2 =

0.00

Energy loss hL2 =

0.00 m

Element 3: K3 =

0.00

Energy loss hL3 =

0.00 m

Element 4: K4 =

0.00

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 m

Element 5: K5 =

0.00

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 m

Element 6: K6 =

0.00

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 m
0.00 m

Energy losses-Pipe 2:
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =

0.0270 m (fT = 0.013)


0.0317 m (fT = 0.013)

Element 7: K7 =

0.00

Energy loss hL7 =

Element 8: K8 =

0.00

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 m

Total energy loss hLtot =

0.5770 m

Results:
Pressure at target point:

78.21 kPa

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS


I Pressure US:
CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: Pressure: Point 2
Reference points for the energy equation:
Problem 11.3
Pt. 1: In pipe at Point A at outlet of pump
Fig. 11.13
Pt. 2: In pipe at Point B at inlet to the hydraulic cylinder
System Data:
US Customary Units
Volume flow rate: Q = 0.13363 ft3/s
Elevation at point 1 =
0 ft
Pressure at point 1 =
212.77 psig
Elevation at point 2 =
25 ft
Pressure at point 2 =
200 psig
If Ref. pt. is in pipe: Set v1 "= B20" OR Set v2 "= E20"
Velocity at point 1 =
5.73 ft/s
Vel head at point 1 =
0.51 ft
Velocity at point 2 =
5.73 ft/s
Vel head at point 2 =
0.51 ft
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
56.16 lb/ft3
Kinematic viscosity = 3.44E-05 ft2/s
Pipe 1: 2-in Sch. 40 steel pipe
Pipe 2: None
Diameter: D =
0.1723 ft
Diameter: D =
0.1723 ft
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-04 ft
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-04 ft See Table 8.2
Length: L =
50 ft
Length: L =
0 ft
2
Area: A = 2.33E-02 ft
Area: A = 2.33E-02 ft2 [A = D2/4]
D/ =
D/ =
1149
1149
Relative roughness
L/D =
290
L/D =
0
Flow Velocity =
5.73 ft/s
Flow Velocity =
5.73 ft/s [v = Q/A]
Velocity head =
0.510 ft
Velocity head =
0.510 ft
[v2/2g]
[NR = vD/
Reynolds No. = 2.87E+04
Reynolds No. = 2.87E+04
Friction factor: f =
Energy losses-Pipe 1:
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =

0.0260
K
7.55

Control valve: K2 =

6.50

Friction factor: f =

0.0260 Using Eq. 8-7

Qty.
1

Energy loss hL1 =

3.85 ft

Friction

Energy loss hL2 =

3.32 ft
0.58 ft

(fT=0.019)

2 elbows: K3 =

0.57

Energy loss hL3 =

Element 4: K4 =

0.00

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 ft
0.00 ft

Element 5: K5 =

0.00

Element 6: K6 =

0.00

Energy loss hL6 =

Element 7: K7 =

0.00

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft

Element 8: K8 =

0.00

1
Qty.

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 ft

0.00

Energy loss hL1 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL2 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL3 =

0.00 ft
0.00 ft

Energy losses in Pipe 2:


Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
Element 2: K2 =
Element 3: K3 =

0.00
0.00

Element 4: K4 =

0.00

Energy loss hL4 =

Element 5: K5 =

0.00

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 ft

Element 6: K6 =

0.00

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 ft

Element 7: K7 =

0.00

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft

Element 8: K8 =

0.00

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 ft

Total energy loss hLtot =


Results:

Total change in pressure:


Pressure at target point:

7.75 ft
-12.77 psi
200.00 psig

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS


II-A & II-B SI:
CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: Volume flow rate
Method II-A: No minor losses
Example Problem 11.3
Uses Equation 11-3 to estimate the allowable volume flow rate
Figure 11.7
to maintain desired pressure at point 2 for a given pressure at point 1
System Data:
SI Metric Units
Pressure at point 1 =
120 kPa
Elevation at point 1 =
0 m
Pressure at point 2 =
60 kPa
Elevation at point 2 =
0 m
Energy loss: hL =
6.95 m
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
8.63 kN/m3
Pipe data: 6-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.1541 m
Wall roughness: = 4.60E-05 m
Length: L =
100 m
Area: A = 0.018651 m2
D/ =
3350
CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Method II-B: Use results of Method IIA;
Include minor losses;
then pressure at Point 2 is computed
Additional Pipe Data:
L/D =
649
Flow Velocity =
2.88 m/s
Velocity head =
0.424 m
Reynolds No. = 4.12E+04
Friction factor: f =
0.0228
Energy losses in Pipe:
K
Qty.
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
14.76
1
2 std. elbows: K2 =
Butterfly valve: K3 =
Element 4: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =
Element 6: K6 =
Element 7: K7 =
Element 8: K8 =

0.45
0.68
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Kinematic viscosity = 1.08E-05 m2/s

Results: Maximum values


Volume flow rate: Q =
0.0569 m3/s
Velocity: v =
3.05 m/s
Volume flow rate: Q =
Given: Pressure p1 =
Pressure p2 =

Using Eq. 11-3

0.0538 m3/s

120 kPa
60.18 kPa
NOTE: Should be >
60 kPa
Adjust estimate for Q until p2
is greater than desired pressure.
Velocity at point 1 =
2.88 m/s |--> If velocity is in pipe:
Velocity at point 2 =
2.88 m/s |--> Enter "=B24"
Vel. head at point 1 =
0.424 m
Vel. head at point 2 =
0.424 m
Energy loss hL1 =

6.26 m Friction

Energy loss hL2 =

0.38 m

Energy loss hL3 =

0.29 m

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 m

Total energy loss hLtot =

6.93 m

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS


Objective: Volume flow rate
Problem 11.10

II-A & II-B US:


CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS
Method II-A: No minor losses
Uses Equation 11-3 to find maximum allowable volume flow rate
to maintain desired pressure at point 2 for a given pressure at point 1
System Data:
US Customary Units
Pressure at point 1 =
250 psig
Elevation at point 1 =
55 ft
Pressure at point 2 =
180 psig
Elevation at point 2 =
0 ft
Energy loss: hL =
202.22 ft
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
68.47
Pipe data: 4-in Sch 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.512
Wall roughness: = 4.00E-04
Length: L =
5000
Area: A = 0.205887
D/ =
1280

lb/ft3
ft
ft
ft
ft2

Results: Maximum values


Volume flow rate: Q =
1.4500 ft3/s
Velocity: v =
7.04 ft/s

CLASS II SERIES SYSTEMS


Method II-B: Use results of Method IIA;
Include minor losses;
then pressure at Point 2 is computed
Additional Pipe Data:
L/D =
9766
Flow Velocity =
7.04 ft/s
Velocity head =
0.770 ft
Reynolds No. = 2.27E+04
Friction factor: f =
0.0269
Energy losses in Pipe:
K
Qty.
Pipe: K1 = f(L/D) =
263.18
1
Element 2: K2 =
Element 3: K3 =
Element 4: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =
Element 6: K6 =
Element 7: K7 =
Element 8: K8 =

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Kinematic viscosity = 1.59E-04 ft2/s

Volume flow rate: Q =


Given: Pressure p1 =
Pressure p2 =

Using Eq. 11-3

1.45 ft3/s

250 psig
179.77 psig
NOTE: Should be >
180 psig
Adjust estimate for Q until p2
is equal or greater than desired.
Velocity at point 1 =
7.04 ft/s |--> If velocity is in pipe:
Velocity at point 2 =
7.04 ft/s |--> Enter "=B24"
Vel. head at point 1 =
0.77 ft
Vel. head at point 2 =
0.77 ft
Energy loss hL1 =

202.69 ft Friction

Energy loss hL2 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL3 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 ft

Total energy loss hLtot =

202.69 ft

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS


Objective: Minimum pipe diameter
Problem 11.18
System Data: SI Metric Units
Pressure at point 1 =
150
Pressure at point 2 =
0
Elevation at point 1 =
0
Elevation at point 2 =
0
Allowable Energy Loss: hL =
15.74

kPa
kPa
m
m

m
Volume flow rate: Q =
0.06 m3/s
Length of pipe: L =
30 m
Pipe wall roughness: = 1.50E-06 m

CLASS III SERIES SYSTEMS


Method III-B: Use results of Method III-A;
Specify actual diameter; Include minor losses;
then pressure at Point 2 is computed.
Additional Pipe Data:
Flow area: A = 0.007538 m2
Relative roughness: D/ =
65313
L/D =
306
Flow Velocity =
7.96 m/s
Velocity head =
3.229 m
Reynolds No. = 2.17E+06
Friction factor: f =
0.0108
Energy losses in Pipe:
K
Qty.
Pipe Friction: K1 = f(L/D) =
3.31
1
Element 2: K2 =
Element 3: K3 =
Element 4: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =
Element 6: K6 =
Element 7: K7 =
Element 8: K8 =

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

III-A & III-B SI: CLASS III SERIES SYSTEMS


Method III-A: Uses Equation 11-13 to compute the
minimum size of pipe of a given length
that will flow a given volume flow rate of fluid
with a limited pressure drop. (No minor losses)
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
9.53 kN/m3
Kinematic Viscosity = 3.60E-07 m2/s
Intermediate Results in Eq. 11-13:
L/ghL = 0.194292
Argument in bracket: 2.9E-022
Final Minimum Diameter:
Minimum diameter: D =
0.0908 m
Specified pipe diameter: D = 0.09797 m
4-inch Type K copper tube
If velocity is in the pipe, enter "=B23" for value
Velocity at point 1 =
7.96 m/s
Velocity at point 2 =
7.96 m/s
Vel. head at point 1 =
3.229 m
Vel. head at point 2 =
3.229 m
Results:
Given pressure at point 1 =
150 kPa
Desired pressure at point 2 =
0 kPa
Actual pressure at point 2 =
48.13 kPa
(Actual p2 should be > desired pressure)
Energy loss hL1 =

10.69 m

Energy loss hL2 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL3 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 m

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 m

Total energy loss hLtot =

10.69 m

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS


Objective: Minimum pipe diameter
Example Problem 11.6
System Data: SI Metric Units
Pressure at point 1 =
102
Pressure at point 2 =
100
Elevation at point 1 =
0
Elevation at point 2 =
0
Allowable Energy Loss: hL =
4.62

psig
psig
ft
ft

ft
Volume flow rate: Q =
0.5 ft3/s
Length of pipe: L =
100 ft
Pipe wall roughness: = 1.50E-04 ft

CLASS III SERIES SYSTEMS


Method III-B: Use results of Method III-A;
Specify actual diameter; Include minor losses;
then pressure at Point 2 is computed.
Additional Pipe Data:
Flow area: A = 0.08840 ft2
Relative roughness: D/ =
2237
L/D =
298
Flow Velocity =
5.66 ft/s
Velocity head =
0.497 ft
Reynolds No. = 1.57E+05
Friction factor: f =
0.0191
Energy losses in Pipe:
K
Qty.
Pipe Friction: K1 = f(L/D) =
5.70
1
Two long rad. elbows: K2 =
Butterfly valve: K3 =

0.34
0.77

III-A & III-B US: CLASS III SERIES SYSTEMS


Method III-A: Uses Equation 11-8 to compute the
minimum size of pipe of a given length
that will flow a given volume flow rate of fluid
with a limited pressure drop. (No minor losses)
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
62.4 lb/ft3
Kinematic Viscosity = 1.21E-05 ft2/s
Intermediate Results in Eq. 11-8:
L/ghL = 0.672878
Argument in bracket: 5.8E-009
Final Minimum Diameter:
Minimum diameter: D =
0.3090 ft
Specified pipe diameter: D =
0.3355 ft
4-inch Schedule 40 steel pipe
If velocity is in the pipe, enter "=B23" for value
Velocity at point 1 =
5.66 ft/s
Velocity at point 2 =
5.66 ft/s
Vel. head at point 1 =
0.497 ft
Vel. head at point 2 =
0.497 ft
Results:
Given pressure at point 1 =
102 psig
Desired pressure at point 2 =
100 psig
Actual pressure at point 2 =
100.46 psig
(Compare actual with desired pressure at point 2)
Energy loss hL1 =

2.83 ft

Energy loss hL2 =

0.34 ft

Energy loss hL3 =

0.38 ft
0.00 ft

Element 4: K4 =

0.00

Energy loss hL4 =

Element 5: K5 =

0.00

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 ft

Element 6: K6 =

0.00

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 ft

Element 7: K7 =

0.00

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft

Element 8: K8 =

0.00

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 ft

Total energy loss hLtot =

3.55 ft

APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS


System Curve US:
CLASS I SERIES SYSTEMS
Objective: System Curve
Reference points for the energy equation:
Ex. Problem 13.4
Pt. 1: Surface of lower reservoir
Fig. 13.40
Pt. 2: Surface of upper reservoir
System Data:
U.S. Customary Units
Volume flow rate: Q =
0.5011 ft3/s
Elevation at point 1 =
0 ft
Pressure at point 1 =
0 psig
Elevation at point 2 =
80 ft
If
Ref.
pt.
is
in
pipe:
Set
v
"=
B20"
OR
Set v2 "= E20"
Pressure at point 2 =
35 psig
1
Velocity at point 1 =
0.00 ft/s -->
Vel head at point 1 =
0.00 ft
Velocity at point 2 =
0.00 ft/s -->
Vel head at point 2 =
0.00 ft
May need to compute:
Fluid Properties:
Specific weight =
62.40 lb/ft3
Pipe 1: 3 1/2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.2957 ft
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-04 ft
Length: L =
8 ft
Area: A = 0.06867 ft2
D/ =
1971
L/D =
27
Flow Velocity =
7.30 ft/s
Velocity head =
0.827 ft
Reynolds No. = 1.78E+05
Friction factor: f =
0.0192
Energy losses-Pipe 1:
K
Pipe: K1 =
0.519
Entrance: K2 =
0.500
Gate Valve: K3 =
Element 4: K4 =
Element 5: K5 =
Element 6: K6 =
Element 7: K7 =
Element 8: K8 =
Energy losses-Pipe 2:
Pipe: K1 =
Check Valve: K2 =
Butterfly Valve: K3 =
Standard Elbow: K4 =
Exit Loss: K5 =

0.136
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000

Kinematic viscosity = 1.21E-05 ft2/s


Pipe 2: 2 1/2-in Schedule 40 steel pipe
Diameter: D =
0.2058 ft
Wall roughness: = 1.50E-04 ft [See Table 8.2]
Length: L =
360 ft
Area: A =
0.03326 ft2 [A = D2/4]
D/ =
1372 Rel. roughness
L/D =
1749
Flow Velocity =
15.06 ft/s [v = Q/A]
Velocity head =
3.524 ft
[v2/2g]
[NR = vD/
Reynolds No. = 2.56E+05
Friction factor: f =

0.0197

Qty.

Total K

0.519

Energy loss hL1 =

0.43 ft

0.500

Energy loss hL2 =

0.41 ft

0.136

Energy loss hL3 =

0.11 ft

0.000

Energy loss hL4 =

0.00 ft

0.000

Energy loss hL5 =

0.00 ft

0.000

Energy loss hL6 =

0.00 ft

0.000

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft
0.00 ft

1
1
1
1
1
1

0.000
K

1
Qty.

0.000
Total K

Energy loss hL8 =

34.488

34.488

Energy loss hL1 =

121.53 ft

1.800

Energy loss hL2 =

6.34 ft

0.810

Energy loss hL3 =

2.85 ft

1.080

Energy loss hL4 =

3.81 ft

1.000

Energy loss hL5 =

3.52 ft
0.00 ft

1.800
0.810
0.540
1.000

1
1
2
1

Element 6: K6 =

0.000

0.000

Energy loss hL6 =

Element 7: K7 =

0.000

0.000

Energy loss hL7 =

0.00 ft

Element 8: K8 =

0.000

0.000

Energy loss hL8 =

0.00 ft

Total energy loss hLtot =

139.01 ft

Total head on pump: hA =

299.8 ft

Results:

Figure 13.41 Total head on the pump at the desired operating point for Example Problem 13.4

Using Eq. 8-7

SYSTEM CURVE - Table 13.3


Q (gpm)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350

Q (cfs)
0
0.056
0.111
0.167
0.223
0.278
0.334
0.390
0.445
0.501
0.557
0.612
0.668
0.724
0.780

PUMP CURVE: 2X3-10 PUMP WITH 9-IN IMPELLER-From Fig. 13.27


ha (ft)

Q (gpm)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350

160.8
162.9
168.6
177.6
189.9
205.4
224.1
246.1
271.3
299.8
331.4
366.3

Total head (ft)


370
369
368
366
364
360
355
349
341
332
320
305
285
265
245

Figure 13.42 Operating Point for Example Problem 13.4


400
350
300

Total head (ft)

250
200
150
100
50
0
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Capacity (gal/m in)

225

250

275

300

325

350

ELLER-From Fig. 13.27

325

350

Friction Factor Calculation using Swamee-Jain Equation 8-7


Problem 8.28: Friction factor only; SI data
Use consistent SI or U.S. Customary units
Fluid Properties:
Kinematic Viscosity

Water at 75 deg C
3.83E-07 m2/s or ft2/s

Volume flow rate: Q =


2.15E-04 m3/s or ft3/s
Pipe Data: 1/2 in Type K Copper
Pipe wall roughness: =
1.50E-06 m or ft
Pipe diameter =
0.01339 m or ft
Flow area: A =
Relative roughness: D/ =
Flow Velocity =
Reynolds No. =
Friction factor: f =

0.000141 m2 or ft2
8927
1.53 m/s or ft/s
5.34E+04
0.0209 Using Eq. 8-7

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