Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
characteristics
Bacha Posh tradition found in Afghanistan whereby girls are disguised as
boys
Intersectionality cultural patterns of oppression are bound together and
influenced by the intersection of things like race, gender, class, ability, and
ethnicity
Ethnocentrism the belief that your own cultural or ethnic group is superior
women earn
Second Shift womens responsibility for housework and child care;
everything from cooking, laundry, bathing children etc. Unpaid housework
and childcare expected of women after they complete their days paid labor
Glass ceiling an invisible limit on womens climb up the occupational
ladder
Glass elevator the accelerated promotion of men to the top of a work
femininity to masculinity
Race a group of people who share a set of characteristics; typically, but not
category of people
Discrimination harmful or negative acts against an individual or group;
Institutional racism institutions and social dynamics that may seem race-
because of the huge knowledge base that can only be found online
White privilege a set of advantages and/or immunities that white people
benefit from on a daily basis beyond those common to all others; they can
exist without white people's conscious knowledge of its presence and it helps
health outcomes
Life course perspective approach used in the social sciences to help
understand human development; takes into account how we grow and
change as we go through life experiences - looks at how historical events and
status
The American Dream opportunity to middle-class comfort through hard
work
Meritocracy rewards in society goes naturally to those who are best
performers; positions or achievements of individuals in a society depends on
their abilities and effort they put, not on their class background
1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation
Act (welfare reform) beneficiaries required to work in exchange for timelimited assistance; includes work requirements, child care funding to help
mothers move into jobs, job subsidies and time limit on aid
Absolute poverty the point at which a households income falls below the
children
Extended family kin networks that extend outside or beyond the nuclear
family
Traditional family family structure that consists of a man, woman, and
boundaries when so many people are in close physical proximity all the time
Ghetto a portion of a city in which members of a minority group live;
and children
Capitalism an economic system characterized by private ownership of the
means of production, market competition, wage labor and the pursuit of
profit
social atomization)
Privatization remove state from economy, turn it over to private entities
Market liberalization open up the market by decreasing barriers such as
tariffs; promote exports to spur growth and increase competitiveness in
international markets
Fiscal austerity restrict government spending, eliminate budget deficits
WTO World Trade Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
WB World Bank
Commodification process of turning goods, services and social relations
consciousness
Champagne-glass distribution visual representation of unequal global
distribution of income
Important People
David Reimer
o Debate as to whether nature or nurture influenced behaviors in boys
and girls
o Reimer was born a boy, suffered a botched circumcision
o Under guidance of Dr. John Money at Johns Hopkins University, agreed
to have their son undergo sex reassignment surgery; he was surgically
made in to a girl (Brenda)
o Despite hormone treatments, Brenda never felt comfortable as a girl
o Reimer learned the truth in his adolescence and made several suicide
attempts, before changing his identity back to male (David)
Betty Freidan
o The Feminine Mystique
o Championed womens rights to work outside the home
o Dissatisfaction of being just a homemaker
o
o
It is about more than just access to urban resources; its about the
rights of all urban dwellers, regardless of citizenship, ethnicity, ability
or gender, to participate the shaping and transforming of the city
Right to the City Campaigns
An idea of a new kind of urban politics that asserts that
everyone, particularly the disenfranchised, not only has a right
to the city, but as inhabitants, have a right to shape it, design it,
and operationalize an urban human rights agenda
Adam Smith
o Capitalism
o The Wealth of Nations explored the idea that individual self-interest
in an environment of others acting similarly will lead to a situation of
competition, as long as basic laws and contracts are honored
o Cycle of division of labor, innovation, and trade results in production of
goods that society desires, in the proportions it desires, at the price it
is willing to pay
Women in combat
o In the US and other NATO countries, women are barred from
participating in some ground combat roles
o all combat roles in each branch of the U.S. military will be open to
women, Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter announced in 2015
Poverty in America
o Poverty thresholds set at 3 times the cost of a minimum good diet,
adjusted for inflation
14.5% live below poverty line
19.9% child poverty rate (1 in 5 children lived in poverty 2010)
o
Culture of Poverty
o Individuals feel marginalized, helpless and inferior and adopt this
attitude of living, perpetuating the cycle of poverty
Urbanized (documentary)
o looks at the issues and strategies behind urban design
o Delhi Slums, sanitation
o Bogot Enrique Pealosa creating network of cycle lanes and public
bus service
o Phoenix suburban sprawl, identical houses/driveways
o Detroit depopulated, become a ghost town
Capitalism debate
LIKE
DISLIKE
Innovation
Entrepreneurship
Inequality
Concentration of wealth and power
Efficiency
Growth
Independence/personal freedom
Globalization debate
PROPONENTS
Rising incomes
Increased opportunities
Greater competition, lower
prices
CRITICS
Continued poverty
Environmental degradation
Increased inequality
(concentration of wealth)
Economic growth
Improvements in health
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