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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.................................................................
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.......1 2. Theory..............................................................
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..................2 A. Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR)........................
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...........2 B. Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRI
FT).........................................................2 3. Procedure......
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......................................................................2 Part 1..
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...............................................................................2
Part 2.........................................................................
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........3 4. Results and Discussion.............................................
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..........3 (1) Comparison of the Milk Contents (ATR)...........................
............................................................................3 (2
) Identification of Unknown Polymers with DRIFT spectroscopy....................
................................................4 5. Conclusion.................
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.........................................................7 6. References........
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..................................................................7 7. Appendice
s...............................................................................
..........................................................................8
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In this experiment, various milk and polymer samples are studied with the reflec
tance measurement techniques using the FTIR spectrophotometer.[1-3] 2. Theory A.
Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) There is a phenomenon called total reflection
that a light beam will be totally reflected when it travels from a more refract
ive medium to less refractive one with incident angel greater than critical ange
l. Critical angel, c = sin 1 2 w ere is 1 t e refractive index of more refractive
1 medium and 2 is t e refractive index of less refractive medium. In ATR, a ig l
y refracting prism is used. Alt oug t e IR lig t beam is expected totally refra
cted, evanescent wave will get t roug to t e s allow surface of t e less refrac
tive medium and absorbed by t e sample t at contact to t e prism. B. Diffuse Ref
lectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFT) Diffuse reflection and
specular reflection are t e components observed of reflection from solid surface
. In DRIFT, lig t s ines onto t e powdered sample, specular component, w ere t e
lig t is reflected directly off, was blocked and diffuse reflectance, w ere t e
lig t penetrated, transmitted and reflected wit in t e sample, was collected an
d analyzed. Bot of t e met ods can use in sample t at is not pulverized or pall
etized easily w ic cause difficulty in analysis by typical met ods.[13] 3. Pro
cedure Part 1 (T e power of t e PC ad turned on and t e spectrometer operating
software ad loaded)
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T e major peaks in t e spectra are identified and summarized below (in cm1) pol
y(Met yl Met acrylate) 2900~3000 Stretc ing of CH ( Saturated) Stretc ing of e
ster C=O polyStyrene 2820~2920 Stretc ing of CH (Saturated) Stretc ing of CH
(Aromatic) Stretc ing of C=C (Aromatic)
1730
3000~3100
1600
Table 1: Identification of t e major peaks in t e two spectra
(3) Answers to t e Questions 1. W at are t e causes of t e prominent absorption
features in t e background spectrum around 1200 to 2000 cm1, 2300 to 2400 cm1
and 3500 to 4000 cm1? Ans. T e absorption around 2300 to 2400 cm1 is due to t
e asymmetric stretc ing of CO2, t e absorption around 1200 to 2000 cm1 is due t
o t e vibrational and rotational motion of water, t e absorption around 3500 to
4000 cm1 is t e overtone of t e absorption peaks caused by water.
2.W y is t ere a sudden drop off of transmission to zero at freuencies below ~6
50 cm1? Ans. T e IR absorption of ZnSe crystal below about 650 cm1 causes t e
sudden drop off of transmission to zero at freuencies below ~650 cm1.
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[4] Fernando A.I, Salvador G., Miguel de la G., Analytica C emica Acta 513(2004)
, 401402
[5] Hembree D.M.(Jr), Smyrl H.R., Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 1989 43(2) 267
274 [6] Sc mitt J.M., Kumar G., Applied Spectroscopy 1996 50(8) 10661072
[7] KORTE E.H., STAAT H., Journal of Molecular Structure 1990 218 381386
7. Appendices
Appendices I~IV are t e spectra of t ree milks (indicated by t e title on t e up
per left corner) and a grap including all t e t ree spectra for absorption. T e
correct order are from top to bottom: Fullcream, reducedfat, and skim milk. T
ere is a mistake in t e original printout of t is grap . Appendices V~VI are t
e spectra for part B, t e DRIFT tec niue for identification of polymers
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