Literary Movements

Daniela Cuervo Castillo

Kelly Djana Cadena Jurez
Mara Jos Miranda Larios
fifth Semester

Group E
Teacher Luz Nazary Garca
Maldonado.

Classical (1000 BCE-400 CE)

The classical period was home to the great works of
ancient Greece and Rome. You'll sometimes see the
words Greco-Roman or antiquity used to refer to this
millennia-old period. It was a golden age for
literature and the arts.

Characteristics
It refers to any literary composition from ancient times, especially Greece or
Roman, which is recognized for its artistic excellence and its considered a
canon or model to follow.

When people talk about classicism they talk about literature that is distinctive
for its balance, order, and reasonableness.

When traditional literary scholars refer to classical literature, they usually

mean that this literature is widely acknowledged as having outstanding or

enduring qualities.

Geographic situation
Greece and Rome

Representative authors
The big writers from this period include all those Greek and Roman guys
who wrote epics, like Homer who wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey fame,
and the Roman poet Virgil who wrote The Aeneid. The Greek
philosophers Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle called this period home, as did
Greek dramatists like Euripides and Aristophanes. As for
poets, Horace and Ovid were two of the most influential.

Virgil

Euripides

Plato

Fragments of representative texts

The Odyssey-Homer
Athena Inspires the Prince
Sing to me of the man, Muse, the man of twists and turns driven time and again
off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of Troy. Many cities of men
he saw and learned their minds, many pains he suffered, heartsick on the open sea,
fighting to save his life and bring his comrades home. But he could not save them
from disaster, hard as he strove the recklessness of their own ways destroyed them
all, the blind fools, they devoured the cattle of the Sun and the Sungod blotted out the
day of their return. Launch out on his story, Muse, daughter of Zeus, start from where
you willsing for our time too.

Medieval (5th-15th century)

It began with the fall of Western Roman Empire and
merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery.
The Medieval or the Middle Ages is the middle period of
the three traditional divisions of Western history: Classical
antiquity, the medieval period and the modern period.

Characteristics
The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.
In the Early Middle Ages the large-scale movements of the Migration Period,
including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of
the Western Roman Empire.

During the High Middle Ages, the population of Europe increased greatly as

technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval
Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase.

The Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine,

plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between
1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans.

Geographic situation
Europe

Representative authors
Roger Bacon: English philosopher and scientist.
William Caxton: A merchant and later a writer who set up the first printing press in

England in 1476.
Geoffrey Chaucer: The major poet of England in the late Middle Ages and the most
significant writer before Shakespeare.
Miles Coverdale: One of the main translators of the Bible in the 16th century.
Robert Gloucerter: The author of a chronicle which can be dated to about 1300 and was
written in the southern dialect.
Margery Kempe: An East Anglian women who is known to posterity from The Boke of
Margery Kempe.

Chaucer

Caxton

Coverdale

Fragments of representative texts

The Book of Divine Works (Liber Divinorum Operum)- St. Hildegard of Bingen
For I am life, pure and whole, which was not hewn from stones, neither blossomed
from branches nor took root from mans sexual power; but every living thing has taken
root in me. For reason is the root, and the resounding Word flourishes within it.

Renaissance (14 th-17th century)

Regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages
and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in
Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the
rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern
Age.

Characteristics
The idea of the divine right of kings to rule.
Another was the development of humanistic ideas, such as the dignity of
man.

It was a time of scientific inquiry and exploration.

This was also the time of the Protestant Reformation, and the invention of
the printing press.

Geographic situation
Started at Italy and later it spread to the rest of Europe

Representative authors

William Shakespeare
Christopher Marlowe
Benjamin Jonson

John Milton
John Donne

Shakespeare

Marlowe

Jonson

Fragments of representative texts

Romeo and Juliet- Shakespeare
Juliet- Who told you how to get here below my bedroom?- .
Romeo- Love showed me the waythe same thing that made me look for you in the
first place. Love told me what to do, and I let love borrow my eyes. Im not a sailor,
but if you were across the farthest sea, I would risk everything to gain you.

Modern (18th and 19th centuries)

This is the first literary movement in Spanish initiated
in the American continent. Its main objectives were
to exalt passions and to energetically refuse
opression.

Characteristics
Modern literature established the triumph of narrative over lyric, and it was
the starting point for different artistic movements that were popular in Latin
America: romanticism, realism and naturalism.

Romanticism novel
It is important to understand that romanticism is not necessarily about love and
romance, but feelings and emotions. The most common characteristics of this artistic
school are:
Strong nationalism
Breaking with the classics, and an admiration for Christian values and medieval
Europe.
Triumph of sentimentalism.
Discovery of the artistic and psychological value of nature.
Passion and energetic reaction in opposition to oppression.

Realism novel
Realism was the answer to the excesses of the romanticism, and artists used
reality as inspiration. Authors tried to:

Limit the romantic freedom and adapt inspiration to reality.

Present an aesthetic conception of science.
Present an analysis of reality.
Offer a critic visin of the world that surrounded them.
There was an interest in the visual novel.

Naturalism novel
With the advance of the sciences, realism proved short for writers who wanted
to present a closer look at reality, and naturalism was the anwer. Some of the
characteristics are:

Emerged from experimental sciences.

Studies and explains human behavior as a consequence of the circumstances.
Present human beings dominated by their instincts.

Used the wicked aspects of society to novel it.

Geographic situation

American
continent

Representative authors
Romanticism representative authors:

Walter-Ivanhoe
Victor Hugo-Notre Dame de Paris
Nathaniel Hawthorne-The Scarlet Letter
Hermann Melville-Moby Dick
Jorge Isaacs-Maria

Ignacio Manuel Altamirano-El zarco

Victor Hugo

Realism representative authors:

Honor de Balzac-The Human Comedy
Gustave Flaubert-Madae Bovary
Charles Dickens-A Christmas Carol
Fyodor Dostoyevsky-Crime and Punishment
Leo Tolstoy-Anna Kareninna
Mark Twain-The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer
Benito Perez Galdos-Doa Perfecta

Charles Dickens

Naturalism representative authors:

Emile Zola-Nana
Federico Gamboa-Santa

Federico Gamboa

Fragments of representative texts

The adventures of Tom Sawyer-Mark Twain

Chapter 1
TOM! No answer. TOM! No answer. Whats gone with that boy, I wonder? You
TOM! No answer. The old lady pulled her spectacles down and looked over them
about the room; then she put them up and looked out under them. She seldom or
never looked THROUGH them for so small a thing as a boy; they were her state
pair, the pride of her heart, and were built for style, not service she could have
seen through a pair of stove-lids just as well. She looked perplexed for a moment,
and then said, not fiercely, but still loud enough for the furniture to hear: Well, I
lay if I get hold of you Ill

Contemporary (Begun in 1989)

Is literature with its setting generally after World War
II. Subgenres of contemporary literature include
contemporary romance.

Characteristics
Contemporary literature reflects current trends in life and culture and
because these things change often, contemporary literature changes often as
well.

Contemporary literature most often reflects the author's perspective and can
come across as cynical.

It questions facts, historical perspectives and often presents two

contradictory arguments side by side.

Geographic situation
Europe and then it extended to the rest of the world

Representative authors

Ruben Dario
Amado Nervo
Manuel Gutierrez Najera

Jose Marti

Nervo

Dario

Fragments of representative texts

Nocturne Ruben Dario
Silence of the night , a sad, nocturnal
silence--Why does my soul tremble so?
I hear the humming of my blood,
and a soft storm passes through my brain.
Insomnia! Not to be able to sleep, and yet
to dream. I am the autospecimen
of spiritual dissection, the auto-Hamlet!