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This document discusses the use of the reversive suffix in Seneca verbs. It identifies three main categories of verbs that take the reversive: 1) verbs where the reversive simply undoes the action of the verb, like fold/unfold, 2) verbs where the reversive intensifies the meaning, like flay/skin, and 3) some outlier examples that don't neatly fit the other categories, like cross/expiate. The author analyzes whether the reversive truly marks a systemic complexity in how actions transform systems, or rather indicates returning something to its natural unacted upon state.
This document discusses the use of the reversive suffix in Seneca verbs. It identifies three main categories of verbs that take the reversive: 1) verbs where the reversive simply undoes the action of the verb, like fold/unfold, 2) verbs where the reversive intensifies the meaning, like flay/skin, and 3) some outlier examples that don't neatly fit the other categories, like cross/expiate. The author analyzes whether the reversive truly marks a systemic complexity in how actions transform systems, or rather indicates returning something to its natural unacted upon state.
This document discusses the use of the reversive suffix in Seneca verbs. It identifies three main categories of verbs that take the reversive: 1) verbs where the reversive simply undoes the action of the verb, like fold/unfold, 2) verbs where the reversive intensifies the meaning, like flay/skin, and 3) some outlier examples that don't neatly fit the other categories, like cross/expiate. The author analyzes whether the reversive truly marks a systemic complexity in how actions transform systems, or rather indicates returning something to its natural unacted upon state.
So, there are a couple of examples of the use of the reversive that I think
aren't coherent under the definition of reversive (i.e. the "undoing" of an
action). However, it's also clear that there are some examples that fit it perfectly. I think there's two of them, beyond the finished/completed/stopped category noted by Marianne below. There's also some outliers that I think are interesting (but aren't quite as interesting as the whole system-complexity marking, unfortunately). Here are some of the choice examples: (A quick note here-- there are some verbs which might be analyzed as having the "pick" verb, -ku-, I will need to cross reference them with the other languages, I think. In some cases, the meaning might be more obvious, but I still think it will be worth the look. If it is, that's interesting in itself, I think.) The first category are verbs which are simply an undoing of the event or action described by the verb. "Undoing" fold/unfold (idiomiatically, answer) ne-.-rihwaya'ra(ku) wind/unwind give/extract (teeth, roots, intenstine, lye***interesting here because it is not the source) tuaw(ihsi) robe/unrobe bury/unbury (i)hsa'nhnak(u) tie/untie (i)htrhsi put on fire (cook)/take off fire kahn(ku) burden/unburden travel/correct travel yah-athahakuhsi fasten/loosen u'nari(ihsi) /unbar a gate ahkaraw(ihsi) put up/take down ahra(ku) put around/take down ahraw(ku) hook/unhook a'nu'nar(ihsi) have in mouth/remove from mouth nhT turn/turn back athrwa(ku) contribute, share/tear it down, unravel rur(ku) add/undo r(ku) transform [change-undid] (RC 15:1) be in water/take out of water -ucross/echo The dictionary only mentions the use of the "increase of intensity" of the event/action described by the word for "flay" in its entry. However, I found quite a few more that followed this pattern. I have some more in my notes at the nation house when I first encountered this, and I think the verb was having to do with destruction or demolition or something like that, which is the main thing that got me interested. It was the tear/undo pair combined with the planting/harvesting verb that got me thinking about maybe
something involving the the complexity of a given system acted on by the
verb (OVERTLY). However, it seems to be more along the lines of indicating that a "destructive verb" verb is doing something which is even more reductive to the undergoer of the action than the original verb implies-maybe to the point where, ironically, it's irreversable. "increase intensity" divide/disunite ne-.-kha(hsi) bent/more crooked ne-.-a'nukn(ku) seperate/schism ne-.-a'nekha(hsi) strip/remove mask atkhsuhi / atkhsuhrku flay/skin yr(ku) *rudes notes 511 that this "intensifies the meaning" */massacre (???) scratch/really scratch kwehthar(aku) tear/undo rae(ku) hang down/luxate ne-.-a'nahra(ku) I think my original analysis of a notion of systemic complexity does not necessarily apply in the sense that there's the reversive represents an overt marking of this category, but I think it is an underlying motivator between these two. I think it has something to do with the fact that the completion of the action represents a transformation which is a return to a natural, or unacted upon state of the undergoer (things are naturally unfolded, unknotted, unextracted, etc.) or a state which cannot be re-undone (division vs. complete disunity etc.). Just as a quick note here, Marianne did mention that in Mohawk, it is also used to indicate that a verb with it can mean "I finished, completed it". "w:katste I used it, wakatsth-hsi- I finished using it, wakatk:ronte I peddled it, sold it, wakatkehront:-ko- I finished selling". I have some commentary on the outliers, "Outliers" cross/expiate 'rihwaya'rakwaT 500 **this verb occurs three times with undo, with different senses - the matter has been gone over once, and will be gone over another time cross/vengeance - the person has been crossed metaphorically once, and is returning this action on the offender. planting/harvest - similar to the mohawk thing, the completion of the planting/harvesting process. this was a primary motivator of my initial analysis. if the
planting/harvesting is complete, a field is typically returned to a meadow (i.e.
an unfarmed clearing). peel/rub hair (RC 28:1) - the citation is wrong for the JNB Hewitt stories here, might make more sense in context. maybe taking off grease or something? cut off/overcome kwana(ku) - Not really sure about this one. recieve/**be at peace, be charmed 'tikhru'na(ku) - this is most likely "pick off", as in to have one's mind taken away. be in / keep to oneself a'raku - taking oneself away. hang down/follow ("") same example in the dictionary, very weird. hang/allow rihwaraku - no idea. So anyway, hope this isn't too much! Would be interesting to hear what Oneida does. Ny:w