RCD Course Work

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
TITLE: COURSE WORK ON REINFORCED CONCRETE

DESIGN (CE 353)
NAME: ADJEI KOFI YEBOAH

LECTURER: DR. AMPOFO
COURSE: RCD (CE 353)
INDEX No: 67588-03
07/11/05
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SLAB DESIGN
BEAM DESIGN
COLUMN DESIGN
FOUNDATION DESIGN
SLAB
DESIGN
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN
Ref
Calculation
Design of slab for Residence Area on Second Floor
Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm
Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance = 20mm
Since 25>20, provide nominal cover = 25mm
Therefore durability and fire resistance are satisfactory.
Preliminary sizing of Slab
SLAB SKETCH
Basic span/ effective depth (d) <26*1=26 Modification factor =1

d>span /26
Minimum effective depth = 3800/26 =146.15mm
Assuming R12 bars D = d + concrete cover+ (bar diameter/2)
D = 146.15 + 25 + 6 =177.15mm
Choose D = 150mm
Therefore, d1 = 150-25-6 =119mm
d2 = 150-25-6-12 = 107mm
Table
3.14
Loading
Self weight of slab = conc. *0.150
= 24 *0.150 = 3.60KN/m2
Ceilings and floors = 0.5KN/m2
Walls and partitions = 1KN/m2
Total Dead load = (3.60+0.5+1)KN/m2 Gk =5.10KN/m2
Imposed load = 3.0KN/m2
Design load, n = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

n= 11.94KN/m2
For a unit width n = 11.94KN/m
Qk= 3.0KN/m2
Output
Hence the slab is a two way with three edges continuous.

Short Span
Mx =xnLx2
=0.062*11.94*3.82 =10.68KNm(hogging)
Mx = xnLx2
= 0.045*11.94*3.82 =7.76KNm(sagging)
Long Span
2
My =ynLx
=0.014*11.94*3.82 =2.41KNm(hogging)
My = ynLx2
= 0.010*11.94*3.82 =1.72KNm(sagging)
Reinforcement Analysis
K=Ms/bd2 fcu
K=10.68*106/(1000*1492*30)
=0.016<0.156
There is no compression reinforcement needed
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.016/0.9)1/2]
Z=0.98d , choose Z=0.95d
Area of Steel(Hogging)
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=10.68*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=397.7mm2
Provide 24R12@275c/c(411mm2) Top
No comp.
required
Ref

Calculations
As = My/0.95fyZ
=2.41*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=99.8mm2
Area of Steel (Sagging)
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=7.76*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=289.0mm2
Provide 22R12@300c/c(376mm2) bottom
As = My/0.95fyZ
=1.72*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=71.2mm2
Output
Ref

Calculations
BS 8110
Steel Area Check
1997
Short span
Table
3.27
Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*150 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*150
360 mm2 < 376 mm2 <6000mm2
Area of steel provided is satisfactory.
Output
As
satisfactory
Long span
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*107 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*107
256.8mm2 < 376 mm2 <4280mm2
BS 8110
Cracking Check
3.1211.2 Maximum clear distance between bars in tension <3d or 750
Short span
3*119 = 357mm
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 =
288mm<750mm
Therefore cracking width is satisfactory.
Long span
3*107 =321mm
288mm<750mm
BS8110
Table
3.16
Shear check
If depth of slab is<200mm no shear reinforcement is required.
Depth of slab =180mm<200mm
Therefore provide no shear reinforcement.
Cracking
width o.k
No shear
rnft required

Calculations
Ref
BS
8110
Table
3.10
Eq 7.0
Output
Deflection Check
Short span
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Actual span/d =3800/119 =32.0
Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 10.68 *106/1000*1192 =0.75
Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=( 2*250*397.7) / (3*411)
fs= 161.27
Therefore , Mf = 0.5
Hence select Mf = 0.5 , (0.5*26=13)
Also; 32>13
Deflection is not within limits
Mf =1 is
good
Long span
Actual span/d =6300/107=58.87
M/bd2= 1.72*106/1000*1072=0.15
fs=(2*250*71.2)/(3*376)
fs= 31.56
Hence select Mf = 3.54 , (3.54*26=92.04)
Also; 58.87<92.04
Deflection is within limits
Mf=3.5 is
better
Ref

Calculations
DETAIL SLAB DRAWING
Output
Ref

Calculations
Design of slab for counselors Apartment
SLAB SKETCH

Preliminary Sizing of slab
d>span /26
D = 146.15 + 25 + 6 =177.15mm
Choose D = 150mm
Therefore, d1 = 150-25-6 =119mm
d2 = 150-25-6-12 = 107mm
Loading
= 24 *0.150 =3.6KN/m2
Qk= 3.0KN/m2
Output
Design load, n = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

n= 11.94KN/m2
For a unit width n = 11.94KN/m
Hence the slab is a two way with three edges continuous.
Short Span
Mx =xnLx2
=0.082*11.94*3.82 =14.48KNm(hogging)
Mx = xnLx2
= 0.062*11.94*3.82 =10.69KNm(sagging)
Long Span
My =ynLx2
=0.016*11.94*3.82 =2.75KNm(hogging)
My = ynLx2
= 0.012*11.94*3.82 =2.07KNm(sagging)
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=14.48*106/(1000*1192*30)
=0.034<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.034/0.9)1/2]
Area of Steel(Hogging)
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=14.48*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=539.3mm2
No comp.
Required
Ref

Calculations
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=2.75*106/(1000*1072*30)
=0.008<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.008/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.95fyZ
=2.75*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=113.9mm2
Area of Steel (Sagging)
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=10.67*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=397.4mm2
As = My/0.95fyZ
=2.07*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=85.74mm2
Output
Ref

Calculations
DETAIL SLAB DRAWING
Output
Ref

Calculations
BS 8110
Steel Area Check
1997
Short span
Table
3.27
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*150 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*150
360 mm2 < 376 mm2 <6000mm2
Area of steel (As) provided is satisfactory.
Output
As
satisfactory
Long span
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*107 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*107
256.8 mm2 < 376 mm2 <4280mm2
BS 8110
Cracking Check
3.1211.2 Maximum clear distance between bars in tension <3d or 750
Short span
3*119 = 357mm
288mm<750mm
Long span
3*107 =321mm
288mm<750mm
BS8110
Table
3.16
Shear check
If depth of slab is<200mm no shear reinforcement (rnft) is
required. Depth of slab =180mm<200mm
Therefore provide no shear reinforcement.
Cracking
width ok
No shear
rnft required

Calculations
Ref
BS
8110
Table
3.10
Eq 7.0
Output
Deflection Check
Short span
Actual span/d =3800/119 =31.9
M/bd2= 14.48 *106/1000*1192 =1.02
fs=( 2*250*565) / (3*376)
fs= 250.4
Hence select Mf = 0.98 , (0.98*26=25.48)
Also; 31.9>25.48
Deflection is not within limits
Long span
Actual span/d =6300/107=58.87
M/bd2= 2.75*106/1000*1072=0.24
fs=(2*250*113.9)/(3*376)
fs= 50.48
Hence select Mf = 3 , (3.0*26=78)
Also; 58.87<78
Mf=1.0
Ref

Calculations
Design of Slab in the Corridor

Preliminary Sizing of slab
Ly/Lx = 47600/2600
= 18.30>2.0
Hence slab is designed as a one way.
d>span /26
D = 146.15 + 25 + 6 =177.15mm
Choose D = 150mm
Therefore, d1 = 150-25-6 =119mm
d2 = 150-25-6-12 = 107mm
Loading
= 24 *0.150 = 3.6KN/m2
Qk= 3.0KN/m2
Output
Ref

Calculations
Moment at mid span Mx = nLx2
8
= 11.34*2.62 = 9.58KN/m
8
Fixed end moment Mx2= nLx2
12
= 11.34*2.62 = 6.38KN/m
12
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=9.58*106/(1000*1192*30)
=0.00225<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.00225/0.9)1/2]
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=9.58*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=356.8mm2
Provide 160R12@300c/c(376mm2) top
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=6.38*106/(1000*1072*30)
=0.018<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.018/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.95fyZ
=2.24*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=224049mm2
Provide 10R12@300c/c(376mm2) top
Output
Ref

Calculations
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=10.94*106/(1000*1492*30)
=0.00164<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=149[0.5 +(0.25-0.00164/0.9)1/2]
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=10.94*106/(0.95*149*250)
As=309.148mm2
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=6.38*106/(1000*1072*30)
=0.018<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.018/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.95fyZ
=6.38*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=264.3mm2
Output
Ref

Calculations
Output
Ref

Calculations
DESIGN OF
ROOF BEAM
Output
Ref

Calculations
Output
Design of roof beam on grid O-O
1.05KN/m roof loading

6.3m
Part
1
1997
Tabl
e 3.2
&3.3
2.3m
Cover
=25mm
6.3m

Preliminary Sizing of Beam

d>span /26
D = 242.3 + 25 + 6 =273.3mm
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Chart Choose R8 as links bar
Choose R12 as reinforcement bar
7
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
Loading
Self weight of the beam= conc. *0.450
= 24*.450 =10.8KN/m2
Assumed loading from the roof = 1.05KN/m
D
=450mm
b=
300mm
d1=411m
m
Total dead weight = (10.8+1.05)=11.85 KN/m2

Total dead weight per span (A1)=11.85/6.3 =1.88KN/m
Imposed load per meter span =0.75*6.3 =4.725KN/m
Design loads
Design load n= 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
Span 6.3m n1= (1.4*1.88)+(1.6*4.725) =10.19 KN/m
Span 2.6m n2= (1.4*5.15)+(1.6*4.725) =14.77KN/m
Span 6.3m n3= (1.4*1.88)+(1.6*4.725) =10.19 KN/m
NB: the calculation and distribution of loads was done with a

program Beamax
Ref

Calculations
Support reinforcement
Maximum Hogging moment=20.54KNm
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=20.54*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.0014<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0014/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=20.54*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=241.86m2
Provide 3R12(339.3mm2)bottom
Mid span reinforcement
Maximum sagging moments=15.57KNm
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=15.57*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.0102<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0102/0.9)1/2]
As = Ms/0.87fyZ
=15.57*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=183.34mm2
Provide 3R12(339.3mm2) top
Output
Ref

Calculations
Maximum Hogging moment=26.8KNm
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=26.8*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.017<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.017/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=26.8*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=315.58mm2
Provide 3R12(339.3mm2) bottom
Output

Calculations
Ref
BS
8110
1997
3.12.61
Table
3.27
Steel Area Check

0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *300*450 < 339.6 mm2 < 4% *300*450
324 mm2 < 339.6mm2 <5400mm2
Output
As is
satisfactory
Shear Check
BS 8110
Table
3.7
Maximum shear =35.19KN

Actual shear v =V/bd
v = 35. 19*103/(411*300)
v =0.285N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu1/2 =4.38N/mm2
therefore ultimate shear is avoided
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*339.3/411*300)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.47
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.24<0.285<0.64
Above condition is satisfied
Therefore no shear reinforcement is required
Hence the minimum no. of links for the length of the beam is
provided.
Asv=2*R2/4
= 2**8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (Asv*.95fy/0.4d)
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5
Therefore provide R8 links @250c/c
No shear
Rnft
required
Asv=201.08
Ref

Calculations
Output
Deflection Check
BS
8110
Table
3.10
Eq
7.0

Actual span/d =6300/411 =15.32
M/bd2= 20.54 *106/300*4112 =0.41
fs=( 2*250*248.6) / (3*339.3)
fs= 122.1
Hence select Mf = 2.0, (2.0*26=52)
Also; 15.32<52
Mf=2.0
Detailed Roof beam
Ref

Calculations
Continuous Roof beam grid A,B,C,D
1.05KN/m Roof loading

Preliminary Sizing of Beam
d>span /26
D = 146.15 + 25 + 6 =177.15mm
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Choose R8 as links bar
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
Loading
Self weight of the beam= conc. *0.450
= 24*.450 =10.8KN/m2
Assumed loading from the roof = 1.05KN/m2
Total dead weight = (10.8+1.05)=11.85 KN/m2
Total dead weight per span (A)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m
Total dead weight per span (B)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m
Total dead weight per span (C)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m
Total dead weight per span (D)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m
Output
Imposed load per meter span =0.75*3.8=2.85KN/m
Design loads
Design load n= 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
Span 3.8m nA= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Span 3.8m nB= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Span 3.8m nC= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Span 3.8m nD= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Maximum Bending and Shear Force diagrams
Ref

Calculations
Maximum Hogging moment from Bending moment diagram
=5.37KNm
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=5.37*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.0035<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0035/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=5.37*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=63.2mm2
Mid span reinforcement
Maximum sagging moments=10.75KNm
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=10.75*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.0071<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0071/0.9)1/2]
As = Ms/0.87fyZ
=10.75*106/(0.95*0.87*411*250)
As=126.58mm2
Output

Calculations
Ref
Output
Steel Area Check

BS
8110
1997
Table
3.27
BS 8110
Table
3.7

0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *300*450 < 339.3mm2 < 4% *300*450
324 mm2 < 339.3 mm2 <5400mm2
As is
satisfactory
Shear Check
v = 16.97*103/(411*300)
v =0.13N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu1/2 =4.38N/mm2
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*339.3/411*300)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.058
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.0028<0.13<0.458
provided.
Asv=2*R2/4
= 2**8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5
No shear
Rnft
required
Asv=201.08
Ref
BS
8110
Table
3.10
Eq
7.0

Calculations
Deflection Check
Actual span/d =3800/411 =9.25
M/bd2= 5.37 *106/300*4112 =0.106
fs=( 2*250*63.4) / (3*339.3)
fs= 31.14
Hence select Mf = 3.5 , (3.5*26=91)
Also; 9.25<91
Detailed Roof beam
Output
Ref

Calculations
DESIGN
OF FLOOR BEAM
Output

Calculations
Ref
Design of beam on grid E-E to J-J
bf
A1
3800mm
A2
3800mm
A3
3800mm
A4
hf
3800mm
D d
bw
Area of A1 between grid lines E-F

B=3.8m h= tan45o *3.8/2 =1.9m
A1 = *b*h
= *3.8*1.9 =3.61m2
But A1=A2=A3=A4=3.61m2
Preliminary Sizing of T-Beam

Interpolating for span to depth ratio
(26-R)/(1-X)= (20-16)/(1-0.3)
X =bw/bf =0.35/0.9=0.38
R=20-3.1976
R=16.464
Span/depth <16.464
3800/16.46 <D
D>230.86mm
Output
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
h1=150mm
bw=350mm
bf <bw+1/5(0.7*effective span)
bf <0.35+1/5(0.7*3.8)
bf <0.35+0.532
bf=900mm

Calculations
Ref
Output
Loadings
Dead loads:
Self weight of slab= (3.61*0.15*24)/3.8
=3.42KN/m
Self weight of beam =(0.45-.15)*24*.35 =2.52KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (3.61*3)/3.8 =1.425KN/m
Total dead weight = 3.42+2.52+1.425=7.37KN/m
Gk=7.37
Imposed load = (3*3.61)/3.8 =2.85KN/m
Qk =2.85
NB: since all the beams have the same area n1=n2=n3=n4=n
Ultimate moment n=1.4Gk+1.6Qk
N= (1.4*7.37)+(1.6*2.85)=14.87KN/m
n1=n2=n3=n4=n=14.871KN/m
beaming moment and shear force diagram 1
maximum sagging moment =8.95KNm

maximum Hogging moment =17.89KNm
n=14.871
KN/m
Ref

Calculations
Mid span reinforcements
K=Ms/bFd2fcu
K=8.95*106/(900*4112*30)
=0.00196<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.00196/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=8.95*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=105.27mm2
Maximum hogging=17.89KNm
K=Ms/bFd2fcu
K=17.89*106/(900*4112*30)
=0.0039<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0039/0.9)1/2]
As = Mx/0.87fyZ
=17.89*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=105.27mm2
Output

Calculations
Ref
BS
8110
1997
3.12.61
Table
3.27
BS 8110
Table
3.7
Steel Area Check

0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *350*450 < 226.2mm2 < 4% *350*450
378 mm2 < 226.2 mm2 <5400mm2
Area of steel (As) provided not is satisfactory.
Shear Check
v = 28.25*103/(411*350)
v =0.196N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu1/2 =4.38N/mm2
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*226.2/411*350)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.338
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.1696<0.196<0.738
provided.
Asv=2*R2/4
= 2**8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5
Output

Calculations
Ref
BS
8110
Tabl
e
3.10
Eq
7.0
Deflection Check
Actual span/d =3800/411 =9.25
M/bd2= 8.25 *106/350*4112 =0.139
fs=( 2*250*105.27) / (3*226.2)
fs= 77.56
Hence select Mf = 3.2 , (3.2*26=83.41)
Also; 9.25<83.41
Detailed of beam
01
2R12
15R8@250c/c
15R8@250c/c
2R12
3800mm
3800mm
3800mm
01
900mm
150mm
/c
450mm
0c
25
8@
25cover
Output

Calculations
Ref
Output
Design of beam on grid 1-1 to4-4 of the 1st floor
01
03
02
A1
6300mm
A2
2300mm
04
A3
6300mm
bf
hf
D
d
L-BEAM SECTION
bw
Area of A1 between grid lines 1-1 and 2-2

A1 = *h(a+b)
a=6.3m b=1.26m h= tan45o *3.8/2 =1.9m
A1 = *1.9(6.3+1.26) =7.182m2
But area (A1=A3) therefore A3=7.182m2
A2 is between grid 2-2 and 3-3
A2 = *b*h
= *2.3*1.9 =2.185m2
A1=7.182m2
A3=7.182m2
A2=2.185m2
Preliminary Sizing of L-Beam

Interpolating for span to depth ratio
(26-R)/(1-X)= (20-16)/(1-0.3)
X =bw/bf =0.35/0.45=0.77
R=20-3.1976
R=24.686
Span/depth <24.686
6300/24.686 <D
D>255.20mm
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
h1=150mm
bw=350mm
bf <bw+1/10(0.7*effective span)
bf <0.35+1/10(0.7*6.3)
bf <0.35+.441, bf<0.79m
bf=450mm

Calculations
Ref
Output
Loadings
Dead loads:
=4.104KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (7.182*1.5)/6.3 =1.71KN/m
Imposed load
Imposed load = (3*7.182)/6.3 =3.42KN/m
N1= (1.4*9.13)+(1.6*3.42)=18.26KN/m
However N3=18.26
N1=18.26
N3=18.26
Dead loads:
=3.42KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (2.185*1.5)/2.3 =1.425KN/m
Imposed load
Imposed load = (3*2.185)/2.3=2.85KN/m
N2= (1.4*7.364)+(1.6*2.85)=14.87KN/m
N2=14.87
beaming moment and shear force diagram 2
Ref

Calculations
Mid span reinforcements
K=Ms/bFd2fcu
K=36.68*106/(450*4112*30)
=0.0016<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0016/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=36.68*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=431.92mm2
Maximum hogging=27.84KNm
K=Ms/bFd2fcu
K=27.84*106/(450*4112*30)
=0.0122<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0122/0.9)1/2]
As = Mx/0.87fyZ
=27.84*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=327.8mm2
Output

Calculations
Ref
BS
8110
1997
3.12.61
Table
3.27
Steel Area Check

0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *350*450 < 339.3 mm2 < 4% *350*450
378 mm2 < 339.3 mm2 <5400mm2
Shear Check
BS 8110
Table
3.7

v = 62.92*103/(411*350)
v =0.44N/mm2
1/ 2
but v<0.8fcu =4.38N/mm2
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*339.3/411*350)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.095
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.22<0.44<0.495
provided.
Asv=2*R2/4
= 2**8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5
Output

Calculations
Ref
BS
811
0
Tabl
e
3.10
Eq
7.0
Deflection Check
Actual span/d =6300/411 =15.32
M/bd2= 27.84 *106/350*4112 =0.47
fs=( 2*250*327.8) / (3*339.3)
fs= 161.02
Hence select Mf = 1.9 , (1.9*26=50.06)
Also; 15.32<50.06
Detailed of beam
2
6300mm
3
2300mm
K
6300mm
3R12
25R8@250c/c
9R8@250c/c
25R8@250c/c
3R12
K
300mm
450mm
SECTION K-K
Output
Ref

Calculations
COLUMN
DESIGN
Output

Calculations
Ref
Output
Design of column on gridline A1

BS
8110
part
1
1997
Tabl
e 3.3

Cover=25
mm
Preliminary column sizing

Column is braced due to the presence of walls to resist lateral loads.
Choose cross sectional area of column =300mm*450mm
Width of column =300mm
Depth of cross section of column = 450mm
Clear height between end restraints =3075mm
Lo
=3075mm
Design Decision
Column sizing =300mm*450mm
Stirrup diameter = R8mm
450mm
3075mm
2nd
Floor
150mm
300mm
3075mm
1st
Floor
150mm
300mm
4200mm
Ground
Floor
150mm
Below
Ground
Floor
300mm
A SKETCH OF
A TYPICAL
COLUMN
SECTION

Calculations
Ref
`
Column Design Analysis

Clear height of second floor column= 3075mm
End Conditions
Condition at top
End of column is connected monolithically to beams on either side and
are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the column.
D=450mm b=300mm
End condition at top=1.0
Condition at the bottom
End of column is connected monolithically to beams on either side and
are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the beam. D=450mm
b=300mm. the end condition at bottom is=1
Beta() =075 (braced column)
Effective height of column Le= Lo
Le =075*3075
Le = 2306.25mm
Lex = effective height in respect of the major axis
Ley = effective height in respect of the minor axis
Lex=Ley= 2306.25mm
Lex/b =2306.25/300 =7.69<15
Ley/h =2306.25/450 =5.125<15
Hence the column is designed as a short braced axially loaded column.
Loading of column
Output
Ref

Calculations
Loading of column due ot beam A1
N1= *(6.3*10.8)=34.02KN
Loading on column due to beam A2
N2= *8.33*3.8=15.827KN
Self weight of column
N3= (0.3*0.45*24*3.075)*1.4=13.95KN
Total axial load on second floor=(13.95+15.827+34.02)=63.80KN
BS
8110
Part 1
1997
Clause
3.8.4.3
Output
N=63.80KN
Design of second floor column

Total axial load =63.80KN
N=0.4fcuAc+0.75fyAsc
For rectangular column to allow for the area of concrete displayed
by longitudinal reinforcement.
Modified formula N =0.4fcubh +Asc(0.75fy-0.4fcu)
Ac is the net area of concrete
Asc is the area of longitudinal reinforcement
Therefore Asc =(N-0.4fcubh)/(0.75fy-0.4fcu)
Asc =(63.80*103-0.4*30*300*450)/[(0.75*250)-(0.4*30)]
Asc =-8871.79mm2
The negative sign indicates that compression reinforcement is not
required since N<0.4*fcubh
Hence provide nominal reinforcement.
Asc=
-8871.9mm2
Ref

Calculations
st
Design of 1 floor column
BS 8110
clause
3.8.1.6.2
Column Design Analysis

Clear height of second floor column= 3075mm
End Conditions
Condition at top
End of column is connected monolithically to beams on either
side and are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the
column.
D=450mm b=300mm
End condition at top=1.0
Condition at the bottom
End of column is connected monolithically to beams on either
side and are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the beam.
D=450mm b=300mm. the end condition at bottom is=1
BS 8110
table 3.19
clause3.8.1.6
.1
Beta() =075 (braced column)

Effective height of column Le= Lo
Le =075*3075
Le = 2306.25mm
Lex = effective height in respect of the major axis
Ley = effective height in respect of the minor axis
Lex=Ley= 2306.25mm
Lex/b =2306.25/300 =7.69<15
Ley/h =2306.25/450 =5.125<15
Hence the column is designed as a short braced axially loaded
Loading of column
Output
Ref

Calculations
Output
Loading of column due ot beam A1

N1= *(6.3*18.26)=57.52KN
Loading on column due to beam A2
N2= *14.87*3.8=28.25KN
Self weight of column
N3= (0.3*0.45*24*3.075)*1.4=13.95KN
Total axial load on second floor=(13.95+57.52+28.25)=99.723KN
Design of first floor column
BS
8110
Part 1
1997
Clause
3.8.4.3
Total axial load =99.723KN

N=0.4fcuAc+0.75fyAsc
For rectangular column to allow for the area of concrete displayed by
longitudinal reinforcement.
Modified formula N =0.4fcubh +Asc(0.75fy-0.4fcu)
Ac is the net area of concrete
Asc is the area of longitudinal reinforcement
Therefore Asc =(N-0.4fcubh)/(0.75fy-0.4fcu)
Asc =(99.723*103-0.4*30*300*450)/[(0.75*250)-(0.4*30)]
Asc =-8662.55mm2
The negative sign indicates that compression reinforcement is not required
since N<0.4*fcubh
Hence provide nominal reinforcement.
In the design of the ground floor columns the net axial loading will increase
and it will be the total sum of the axial loading from the 1st floor and the axial
loads of the ground floor.
Nominal steel reinforcement

100As/bd>0.4
BS
As= total area of longitudinal steel
8110
3.12.6. Acol(bd) = cross sectional area of column
As>0.4bd/100
2
As>0.4*300*450/100
As>540mm2
Provide 4R20 bars(1257mm2) for ground floor
Provide 4R16 bars(804mm2) for the first floor
Provide 4R16 bars(804mm2) for the second floor
Asc =8662.55m
m2
COLUMN DRAWING
150mm
300mm
Roof beam
B 3675mm
300mm
B
300mm
4R16
SECTION B-B
150mm 2nd floor beam
300mm
C
300mm
3675mm
SECTION C-C
4R16
150mm
D
1st floor beam

D
4200mm
300mm
300mm
4R20
Ground floor
SECTION D-D
Ref

Calculations
BS
Hence concrete grade is o.k
8110
No reinforcement is required. Provide nominal links
3.12.6.2
Size and spacing of links
Minimum size= *size of the largest compression bar or not less
than 5mm
Minimum size=1/4*20=5mm
Provide R8 links
BS 8110
Part 1997
clause
3.8.5
BS
8110
1997
3.8.6
Maximum spacing =12* size of the smallest compression bar

= 12*16=192mm
Choose Sv=150mm
Therefore provide R8@150c/c links
Output
No shear rnft
required.
Provide
nominal links
Sv=150mm
Provide
R8@150c/c
links
Ref

Calculations
FOUNDATION
DESIGN
Output
Ref

Calculations
Output
Estimation of width of strip footing

Design decisions
Material used: Mass concrete select 6 sandcrete block
Width of block =150mm
Height of wall =2425mm
BR 1
Soil lab
data
Design Analysis
Assuming a unit width of blockwall
Area in contact width ground = 0.15*1 =0.15m2
Volume of blockwall, V =0.15*2.425=0.364m3
Unit width of sandcrete block =18KN/m3
Dead load, w =18*0.364=6.55KN
Ultimate design load =1.4*6.55
n =9.17KN
N=9.17KN
Minimum soil bearing capacity at 1.5m below ground

level=200KN/m2
Minimum area of strip footing, Af= 9.17/200=0.046m2
Af>0.046m2
Width of strip footing=0.046/1=0.046m
Therefore minimum width=46mm
Select width of strip footing =150mm
Design pressure
Sigma =Ultimate design load/area of strip footing
= 9.17/0.2*1
=45.85KN/m2
Design pressure S< minimum bearing capacity of soil
Hence design pressure is satisfactory and footing width=200mm is
ok since 45.85KN/m2<200KN/m2
Provide width
of strip
footing=150mm
S=45.85KN/m2
Strip width is
ok
Ref

Calculations
Output
Design of column base A

This is being designed as an isolated pad footing
BS
Nominal cover for concrete surfaces cast against adequate
8110clause blinding>40mm
3.8.1.4
Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance =35mm
Choose nominal cover=50mm
Blinding =50mm
Durability and fire resistance are satisfactory
Cover=
50mm
Blinding =
50mm
Preliminary sizing
Minimum depth of 1.5hrs fire resistance = 100mm
Choose thickness of footing = 300mm
Assume square footing of 2.2m*2.2m
Bearing capacity of soil=200KN/m2
Loading
Serviceability Limit state
Total axial design load N=243.3KN
Assume weight of footing =20KN
Total axial load = 243.3+20=263.341KN
Minimum required base area
= 263.34/200
=1.317m2
Minimum length of square base =(1.317)1/2=1.15m
Hence provide a 2.2m*2.2m pad footing(4.84m2)
Design pressure
S=Ultimate design axial load /area of footing
S=263.34/4.84
S=54.41KN/m2
Design pressure< minimum bearing capacity of soil
Hence design pressure is satisfactory and footing size is ok
Effective depth
Assuming R25 bars
Thickness of footing =D=300mm
Therefore d= D-cover-25/2
S=54.41
KN/m2
D=300mm
D=237.5mm

Calculations
Ref
Output
Reinforcements
BS 8110
1997
3.11.2.2
Ultimate bending moment

The critical section of bending is at the face of the column
Square footing
Sketch`
For a square footing

Mxx=Myy=N*(1-b)2/81
=263.34*(2.2-0.3)2/8*2.2
Mu=54.01KN/m
2
BS 8110 K=Mu/bd fcu
6
2
97 3.4.4 K=54.04*10 /2200*237.5 *25
K= 0.017
k<k
Hence provide no compression reinforcement required.
Lever arm
Z=d{0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)1/2}
Z=d{0.5+(0.25-0.017/0.9)1/2}
Z=0.98d, Z=0.95d
Choose Z=0.95d
Area of steel required
As=Mu/0.95fyz
=54.01*106/(0.95*250*0.95*237.5)
=1008.5mm2
W/A
code of
practice
Provide
11R25
@225c/c
Ref
BS
8110
85
table
3.27
BS
8110
97
.12.3.2
BS
8110
Table
2.11.27
RCD
By
Choo

Calculations
Steel Area Check
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *300*300 < 2181mm2 < 4% *300*400
216 mm2 < 2181 mm2 <3600mm2
Area of steel (As) provided is satisfactory
Distribution reinforcement
Lc=1/2*2200=1100
(3c/4)+(9d/4)=(3*300/4)+(9*237.5/4)
=759.375
Provide 11R20@225c/c and two thirds of the required
reinforcement should be concentrated within the zone from the
centerline of the column to 1.5d from the face of the
column=(1.5*237.5)+150=506.25mm at one end
And (1.5*237.5)+225=581.25mm at the other end.
Cracking shear
Allowable clear distance between bars<3d or 750
D=237.5mm
3d=3(237.5)=712.5mm
Maximum clear distance between bars=225-2(25/2)=200mm
200mm<712.5mm
Shear stress check
The critical section is at a distance d=240mm from the face of the
column.
Design shear force
V=load on shaded area
V=S(1*a)
A =2200/2-(d+175)
= 750-237.5-175
=687.5mm
V=S(1*a)
=54.51(2.2*0.6875)=82.3KN
Design shear stress v=V/bd
V =82.3*103/2200*237.5
Design concrete shear stress
Vc=(0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4/Ym
Output
Ref

Calculations
Vc=(0.79*(100*2181/2200*237.5)1/3*(400/237.5)1/4/1.25
Vc=0.538
V=0.157N/mm2<0.538N/mm2
Hence section is adequate in shear and no reinforcement is required
RCD
by
Choo
Punching Shear
Perimeter for checking punching shear is 1.5d from the loaded
area. 1.5d=1.5*237.5=356.25mm
Sketch
Critical perimeter= column perimeter+8(1.5d)

= (2*300) +(2*450)+(8*1.5*237.5)
=4350mm
Area within perimeter
=1.0622=1.13m2
=1.13m2 (area of shaded excluded)
Therefore shaded area=2.22 -1.13=3.71m2
Punching shear force
V=S*shaded area=54.51*3.741=201.92KN
Punching Shear stress
V=V/perimeter*d
= 201.92*103/4350*237.5
=0.195N/mm2
Hence v=0.195<Vc
But vmax=N/column perimeter*d
= 243.34*103/1500*237.5=0.658N/mm2
Vmax<0.8*fcu1/2=4N/mm2
Therefore punching shear is satisfactory
No shear reinforcement is required.
Output

RCD Course Work

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FACULTY OF CIVIL AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

TITLE: COURSE WORK ON REINFORCED CONCRETE

NAME: ADJEI KOFI YEBOAH

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Basic span/ effective depth (d) <26*1=26 Modification factor =1

Design load, n = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

Hence the slab is a two way with three edges continuous.

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Durability and fire resistance

Design load, n = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Design of Slab in the Corridor

Durability and fire resistance

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Design of roof beam on grid O-O

1.05KN/m roof loading

Durability and fire resistance

Basic span/ effective depth (d) <26*1=26 Modification factor =1

Total dead weight = (10.8+1.05)=11.85 KN/m2

NB: the calculation and distribution of loads was done with a

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Steel Area Check

Maximum shear =35.19KN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

1.05KN/m Roof loading

Durability and fire resistance

Imposed load per meter span =0.75*3.8=2.85KN/m

Maximum Bending and Shear Force diagrams

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Steel Area Check

Allowable steel Area As:

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Design of beam on grid E-E to J-J

Area of A1 between grid lines E-F

Preliminary Sizing of T-Beam

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Imposed load = (3*3.61)/3.8 =2.85KN/m

beaming moment and shear force diagram 1

maximum sagging moment =8.95KNm

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Steel Area Check