INTRODUCTION

Information as a weapon - to increase productivity, deliver quality products and

services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions.
Information Technology Impact :
Combination of hardware and software products and services that
companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information
A vital asset that must be used effectively, updated constantly, and
safeguarded carefully
The Role of Systems Analysis and Design
Systems Analysis and Design
Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems

Systems Analyst
Plan, develop, and maintain information systems

INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS

IMPACT OF THE INTERNET

E-Commerce (I-Commerce)

Internet-based commerce

B2C (Business-to-Consumer)

Consumers can go online to purchase a variety of products and

services

B2B (Business-to-Business)

Enables smaller suppliers to contact large customers and allows

purchasers to obtain instant information about market prices and
availability

B2B (Business-to-Business)

EDI
Computer-to-computer transfer of data between companies

HOW BUSINESS USES INFORMATION SYSTEMS

In the past, IT managers divided systems into categories
based on the user group the system served

Office systems
Operational systems
Decision support systems
Executive information systems

HOW BUSINESS USES INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its
functions, rather than by users

Enterprise computing systems

Transaction processing systems
Business support systems
Knowledge management systems
User productivity systems

HOW BUSINESS USES INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Enterprise computing systems
Information systems that support company-wide operations and data
management

Transaction processing systems

Process data generated by day-to-day business operations

Business support systems

Provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company
Management Information Systems (MIS)
What-if

Knowledge management systems

Simulate human reasoning

HOW BUSINESS USES INFORMATION SYSTEMS

User productivity systems
Technology that improves productivity
Word processing is an example

Information systems integration

Most large companies require systems that combine
transaction processing, business support, knowledge
management, and user productivity features

INFORMATION SYSTEM USERS AND THEIR NEEDS

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

Systems analysts must know how to use a variety of techniques
such as modeling, prototyping, and computer-aided systems
engineering tools to plan, design, and implement information
systems
Systems analysts work with these tools in a team environment

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES

Modeling

A systems analyst can describe and simplify an information

system by using a set of business, data, object, and process
models.

Prototyping

Early working version of an information system

Speeds up the development process significantly
Can be an extremely valuable tool

Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools

CASE uses powerful software to help systems analysts

develop and maintain information systems

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS

Structured Analysis
traditional systems development technique
Uses the systems development life cycle to plan, analyze,
design, implement, and support an information system

Object-oriented (O-O) analysis

combines data and the processes that act on the data
into things called objects
Systems analysts use O-O to model real-world business
processes and operations

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS

Joint Application Development and Rapid Application
Development
JAD Team based fact finding
RAD compressed version of the entire process

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Systems planning
Purpose is to identify the nature and scope of the business
opportunity or problem
Systems request begins the process & describes problems or
desired changes
Systems planning includes preliminary investigation whose key part
is a feasibility study

Systems Analysis
Purpose is to build a logical model of the new system
First step is requirements modeling, where you investigate business
processes and document what the new system must do
End product is the System requirements document

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Systems Design
Purpose is to create a blueprint that will satisfy all documented
requirements
Identify all outputs, inputs, and processes
Avoid misunderstanding through manager and user involvement
End product is system design specification

Systems Implementation

New system is constructed

Write, test, & document programs
File conversion occurs
Users, managers, IT staff trained to operate and support the system
System evaluation performed

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

Systems Operation and Support
IT staff maintains and enhances the system
Maintenance changes correct errors and adapt to
changes in the environment
Enhancements provide new features and benefits
Well-designed system will be reliable, maintainable, and
scalable

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Application Development
Team may include users, managers and IT Staff members
Systems Support
Provides hardware and software support
User Support
Provides users with technical information, training, and productivity
support
Database Administration
Database design, management, security, backup, and user access
Network Administration
Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security
Web Support
Design and construction of web pages and presence. Important for
e-commerce

THE SYSTEMS ANALYST POSITION

A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops,
installs, evaluates, and maintains a companys information
systems
On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT
department team.
Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work
Responsibilities
Required Skills and Background

THE SYSTEMS ANALYST POSITION

Certification
Professional credential

Career Opportunities

Job titles
Company organization
Company size
Corporate culture
Salary, location, and future growth