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Tujuan pembelajaran
14/10/2015
Riskesdas 2013
Penyakit
jantung
Jantung
koroner
Gagal jantung
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PJK
Prevalensi PJK berdasarkan wawancara terdiagnosis
dokter di Indonesia sebesar 0,5%, dan berdasarkan
terdiagnosis dokter atau gejala sebesar 1,5 persen.
Prevalensi PJK berdasarkan terdiagnosis dokter tertinggi
Sulawesi Tengah (0,8%) diikuti Sulawesi Utara, DKI Jakarta,
Aceh masing-masing 0,7%.
Prevalensi PJK menurut diagnosis atau gejala tertinggi di
Nusa Tenggara Timur (4,4%), diikuti Sulawesi Tengah
(3,8%), Sulawesi Selatan (2,9%), dan Sulawesi Barat (2,6%).
Gagal jantung
Prevalensi gagal jantung berdasar wawancara terdiagnosis
dokter di Indonesia sebesar 0,13%, dan yang terdiagnosis
dokter atau gejala sebesar 0,3%.
Prevalensi gagal jantung berdasarkan terdiagnosis dokter
tertinggi DI Yogyakarta (0,25%), disusul Jawa Timur
(0,19%), dan Jawa Tengah (0,18%).
Prevalensi gagal jantung berdasarkan diagnosis dan gejala
tertinggi di Nusa Tenggara Timur (0,8%), diikuti Sulawesi
Tengah (0,7%), sementara Sulawesi Selatan dan Papua
sebesar 0,5%.
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Outlines
Nutrition therapy for:
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Ischemic heart disease
Heart failure
Hypertension
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Hypertension
Obesity
Dyslipidemia
Diabetes mellitus
Smoking
Physical inactivity
Micro albuminuria, estimated GFR <60 mL/min
Age (>55; >65)
Family history of premature CVD (<55; <65)
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Nutritional treatment
Nutrition
therapy
Lifestyle
modification
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Nutrition diagnosis
Common nutrition diagnoses for individuals with HT:
Excessive energy intake
Excessive or inappropriate intake of fats
Excessive sodium intake
Inadequate Ca, fiber, K or Mg intake
Overweight/obesity
Food & nutrition-related knowledge deficit
Physical inactivity
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Nutrition intervention
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DASH
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1,600 kcal
2,000 kcal
2,600 kcal
3,100 kcal
Grains
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Vegetables
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Fruits
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3/week
4 5/week
Fats, oils
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5/week
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Weight loss
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Sodium
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Sodium recommendation
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Alcohol
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Calcium
Increases in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, which increases
vascular smooth muscle intracellular calcium, thereby
increasing peripheral vascular resistance and blood
pressure
Dietary calcium reduces blood pressure in large part via
suppression of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, thereby
normalizing intracellular calcium.
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Fiber
Physical activity
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Atherosclerosis
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Obesity
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Physical inactivity
Atherogenic diet
Diabetes mellitus
Impaired fasting glucose & metabolic syndrome
Smoking
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Nutrition therapy
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TLC
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Recommended intake
<7% of total kcal
Up to 10% of total kcal
Up to 20% of total kcal
25% 35% of total kcal
<200 mg/day
50% - 60% of total kcal
20 30 g/day
Approx. 15% of total kcal
Sodium
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Nutrition intervention
The immediate period post-MI
Oral intake << (due to pain, anxiety, fatigue, & shortness of breath
Limit initial oral intake
TLC diet
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Heart failure
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Nutrition therapy
Physiologic
Contributors
to Malnutrition
& Cachexia in
Heart Failure
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Wolfram Doehner, Stefan D Anker. Cardiac cachexia in early literature: a review of research
prior to Medline. International Journal of Cardiology, 85, (1), September 2002, Pages 7-14
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Nutrition intervention
Nutrition counseling
Focuses on the control of signs & symptoms;
the promotion of overall nutritional
rehabilitation.
Sodium and fluid restriction
Correction of nutrient deficiencies
Nutrition education for increasing nutrient
density & making food choices that enhance
oral intake.
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Sodium
A 2,000 mg sodium diet
Sodium intake evaluate the patients actual oral food &
beverage
<2,000 mg sodium Anorexia, fatigue, & shortness of
breath lead to such poor oral intake
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Fluid
Typically 1 mL/kcal or 35 mL/kg
HF 1500 2000 mL/day
Adjustments (+) based on renal and cardiac
status in order to prevent volume overload.
Weighing the patient daily to monitor fluid
status
Fluid restriction difficult to tolerate
nutrition education
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Y-J Xu, AS Arneja, PS Tappia, NS Dhalla. The potential health benefits of taurine in
cardiovascular disease. Exp Clin Cardiol 2008;13(2):57-65.
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Y-J Xu, AS Arneja, PS Tappia, NS Dhalla. The potential health benefits of taurine in
cardiovascular disease. Exp Clin Cardiol 2008;13(2):57-65.
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(Other) references
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