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Geology 290M- 3D seismic Interpretation

Illustrated 3D Interpretation Workshop
Spring 2001
Fault/HorizonInterpretationUsing
SeismicMicroTechnologys2d/3dPAK
SeismicMicroTechnology'sKingdomsoftwareisaccessedthroughtheWindowsStartProgramsMenu.
InyourprogramlistselectKingdomSuiteandthenleftclickonKingdom.
NOTE:Leftclickingthemouseisusedtostart,continueandendanactivity.RightclickingisONLYusedfor
displayingvariouspopupmenus.
ProjectfilesareopenedfromtheinitialKingdomSuitewindow(Figure1).ClickonProjectthenOpenProject
inthedropdownmenus.

Figure1:TheinitialKingdomSuitedisplaywindowprovidesaccesstonewandold
projectfiles.
ThisexerciseusestheGolden3Ddatasetavailableonyourinstallationdiskette.Inthisexercise,theC38
formationtopisselectedfromanywellandthentiedaroundtotheremainingwells.Theentire3Dgridis
interpreted.Itisrecommendedthatmajorfaultsbeinterpretedattheoutset,sincethiswillpreventautopickingof
selectreflectioneventsacrossfaultplanes.

Procedures:
WhenyouopenaprojectunderKingdom,thebasicwindowslayoutwillcontaina3Dbasemap(right)andproject
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tree(left)(Figure2aandb).

Figure2a:Basicwindowlayoutshowingproject.

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Figure2b:Basicwindowlayoutwith3Dgridbasemap.

1.Leftclickonthe3Dgrid(Figure2)toactivateit.Lineandcrosslinenumbersareplottedalongthesidesof
thebasemap.Inthisexample,positionthemousearrowonLine110.RightclickandselectDisplayLine
110.TheseismiclinewillnowappearasshownbelowinFigure3.

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Figure3:Displayof3Dline110withcolorbar.
2.Ifyoupreferanothercolorbar,leftclickonViewandColors.ClickonFileandOpenandselecta
differentcolorbar.Inmostcases,thenameofthecolorbardescribesthecolorsandthenumberofcolorsin
thecolorbar.Forexample,thedefaultcolorbar,brwbl50.clm,isabluewhitebrowncolorbarwith50colors.
Closethecoloreditoronceyouaresatisfiedwithacolorbar.
3.Ifyouareaccustomedtowiggletraces,leftclickonViewandTypeofPlotandselectWiggleVariable
Area.Youmayneedtochangethedisplayscaletoobtainthedesiredview.Thevariableareawiggletrace
displaywillappearasshownbelow(Figure4).Notetheotherdisplayformatsforfuturereference.

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Figure4:VariableareawiggletracedisplayformatofLine110.
4.Tochangethedisplayscales,leftclickonViewandSetDisplayScalesorclickonthescalebaratthetop
oftheseismiclinedisplaywindow.Try8tracesperinchand10inchespersecondtoprovideacloseup
(Figure5)viewofwaveformcharacterinthevicinityofthewellshownabove(Figure4).Usethescroll
barstopositionyourselfwithintheline.

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Figure5:Closeupviewobtainedusing8traces/inchand10inches/second.
5.Youcanorientyourselftogeographicaldirectionsbymovingthecursorontheseismicwindow(Figures4
or5)andwatchthecursormovementonthemap.IfthedirectionisbackwardshittheRkeyonthe
keyboardtoreversethelinedirection.
6.Thecolorbarmayormaynotbedisplayedontheseismicwindow.Todisplaycolorbar,leftclickonView
andToolbarsandthenColorBar.Acheckindicates"on".
7.Displayfeaturescanalsobeaccesseddirectlyusingthebuttons(Figure6)intheupperleftcornerofthe
tracewindow.

Figure6:Shortcutbuttonsonthelinedisplaywindow.Buttons,
lefttoright,selectseismicline,wiggleoverlay,verticalseismic
displayscale,colorbareditor,atoggleswitchtodisplaythecolor
bar,andtwozoomcontrolbuttons.Thedropdownwindowat
rightallowstheusertoselectfromtimeordatatype.
8.Ontheseismicline,severalfaultsareprominentlydisplayed.Manyofthesefaultsareeasytocorrelate
othersarenot.Nowwouldbeagoodtimetoassignanametoatleasttwoofthemajorfaults,thedownto
thesouthandtheantithetic.Theothersmaybepickedasassignedorunassigned.Toassignthefaults,right
clickontheseismicwindowandselectFaultManagement.Fromthere,selecttheCreatetabandentera
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nameandcolorfortheantitheticfault.LeftclickonApply.Enteranameandcolorforthemajorfaultand
theneitherOKorApply.Createnewfaultsifdesired,You'renowinthefaultpickingmodewiththelast
createdfaultactive.
9.Displaythefaulttoolbartoallowforquickerselectionofthefaultsyouwishtopick.Todothisleftclickon
ViewandToolbarsandthenFaults.Allthedisplayedfaultsarepresent,includingUnassigned.Hotkeys
areavailable:"D"enterstheuserintothefaultdigitizationmode,"A"assignsafault,and"S"deassigns.
10.Tostartpickingyourfault,leftclickononeofthefaultnames.TobegindigitizinghittheDkeyandthen
leftclickonthefaultbreakthatcoursesthroughtheseismicdata.Arubberbandshouldappearasyougo
frompointtopoint(Figure7).Continueleftclickingpointsalongthefaultuntilyoueitherneedtoscroll
verticallyorhorizontallytoviewfaultextensionsoutsideyourcurrentview(Figure7).Usethescrollbarto
movethedisplaysothatmoreofthefaultisvisible.Continueuntilyoucannolongerpickthisfault.Double
clicktoend.
Ifyouenterapointyoudontlike,youcanbackupordeletethelastpointbyhittingtheEsckey

Figure7:Individualpointsdigitizedalongthefaultappearasblacksquaresconnected
byathinblackline(orrubberband).Tofollowthefaultdownwardthroughthedata,
dragtherubberbandovertothescrollbarandslidedownasyounormallywould.
11.LeftclickontheotherfaultdisplayedintheFaultsdigitizingmenutoactivateitandthenhitthe"D"keyto
begindigitization.Beginpickingthesecondfault.Ifyouchoosetopicksomeoftheotherfaultsonthe
FaultsToolbar,simplyactivatetheappropriatenamedorunassignedfault,hitthe"D"keyandstart
picking.Thetwofaultsyoujustpickedshouldappearasshowninthemontagebelow(Figure8).The
numberofpointsusedtodigitizethefaultwillvaryfrominterpretertointerpreter.

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Figure8:FaultsjustdigitizedonthenorthernendofthelineappearasshownaboveonSeismicLine110.
12.Ifyouwanttoeditsomeofyourpicks,thefaultisactivesolongasthesquaredotsarepresent.Notethat
theredfaultintheabovedisplayiscurrentlyactive.Whenafaultisselectedforfurtherediting,little
handlesappearoneachdigitizedpoint.Tomovepoints,activatethefaultandthenleftclickandholdonthe
digitizedfaultpoint.Asyoumovethemouse,thedigitizedpointwillalsomove.Ifyoumoveasmall
distance,youmayhavetousetheEsckeytoundotherubberband.
13.Ifyouwouldliketomovetheentirefaultline,firstactivatethefaultandthenholdtheCtrlkeyandthen
leftclickandholdonanypartofthefaultline.Movethelinetowhereveryoulikeandthenreleasethe
mousebuttonandCtrlkey.
14.Todeleteafaultsegment,makeitactiveandthenhitthedeletekeyonyourkeyboard.
15.Toaddpoints,leftclickonanexistingpoint,addtheappropriateinterveningpoints,anddoubleclickon
anotherexistingpoint.
16.Toremoveconsecutivepoints,leftclickonanexistingpoint,skipthe'bad'pointsanddoubleclickonan
existingpoint.
17.Ifyou'dliketochangetheactivefault,leftclickonthenewfaulttoactivateitorselectfromtheFaults
Menu.Ifthenewfaulthasnoexistingdigitalpoints,youmusthit"D"oneitherthekeyboardorFaults
Menu.
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18.Toassignanunnamedfault,activatethefaultname,activatetheunassignedfaultlineandthenhittheA
key.
19.Todeassignanamedfault,activatethefaultlineandthenhittheSkey.
20.Oncethefaultshavebeenpickedonthisline,youcanbeginpickingthefaultsonagridoflinesextending
throughtheentire3Ddatabase.Tosetthegridspacing,leftclickonLineandSetLineSkipIncrement.
Settheincrementto20andthenOK.Nowwhenevertherightarrowonthekeyboardishit,theline
displayedwillincreaseby20.Iftheleftarrowishit,thedisplaywilldecreaseby20.Ifacrosslineis
displayed,theupanddownarrowkeyswillworklikewise.
21.Gotoline130anddigitizethemaindowntothesouthfaultandantitheticfault.
22.Onceanassignedfaulthasbeenpickedonatleasttwolines,afaultsurfaceisautomaticallycreated.Toview
faultsurfacesinmapviewgototheProjectTreeanddoubleclickontheappropriatefaulticon(Figure9).
Thisopensanewmapwindowwherethefaultmaybedisplayedaseitherafaultsurfaceorsegments.

Figure9:Todisplayafaultsurfacedoubleclick
thedesirednamelistedinyourprojecttree.
Mapviewoffaultsurfaceisshownbelow(Figure10).

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Figure10:Thelargedowntothesouthfaultisdisplayedinmapview.Colorcodedtwowaytravel
timesappearinthecolorbaratright.
Totogglefromplanestosegments,gotoView,FaultDisplayModeandselecteitherFaultSurface
orFaultSegment.
ThefaultsegmentdisplayisshownbelowinFigure11.

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Figure11:Faultsegmentdisplayofthemaindowntothesouthfault.
23.Displayfeaturescanalsobeaccesseddirectlyusingthebuttons(Figure12)intheupperleftcornerofthe
mapwindow(Figure11).

Figure12:Shortcutbuttonsavailableonthemapdisplaywindow.
Buttons,lefttoright,allowstheusertoSelectfaultsurfacetodisplay,
SelectContourOverlay,SetContourParameters,SetScales,Edit
Colorbar,ShowColorbar,magnificationcontrolbuttons,andaselection
windowthatallowsyoutoswitchbackandforthfromFaultSurface
andFaultWindowdisplays.
24.Displaythefaultsurfaceinseismicviewsothatanymiscorrelationcanbequicklyseen.Todothis,gotoa
seismicwindowandrightclick,gotoFaultManagement,andDisplay.VerifythatBothisselectedfor
DisplayType(Figure13).If"Both"isselected,twolinesarevisibleinseismicview,thestraightline
connectingthedigitizedpointsandtheinterpolatedfaultsurface.

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Figure13:FaultManagementwindow.SelectBothtodisplayboththe
individualfaulttracepicksandtheinterpolatedlinefittothesepoints
(seestep24above).
25.Completefaultpicking:ContinueovertotheeastendofthesurveytoLine145.Notethedashedline
representingtheextrapolatedfaultsurface(Figure14).Thisprojectionisdisplayedasaguideonlyanddoes
notrepresenttheactualfaultsurface.Whencompletereturntoline90andcontinuetothewest.Togoto
line90,leftclickonLineandthenSelectorleftclickonthearrowbuttonintheseismicdisplaywindow
whichbringsupthesamewindow.Typein90andbesurethelinebuttonisonandthatthe3Dsurveyis
displayed.HitOK.Ifyouwouldliketoviewthefaultsinstrikedirectionoronanarbitraryline,right
clickonthedesiredcrosslineinthebasemapwindowandthendisplayline.

Figure14:Extrapolatedfaultsurfaceshownasdashedlineon
theeasternmostLine145.
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26.Todisplaylinewithanarbitraryorientationthroughthesurvey,rightclickonamapwindow,select
DigitizeArbitraryLine,leftclickonthestartingpoint,continueleftclickingoneachbendintheline
(Figure15)andthendoubleclicktoend.Thedigitizedlinewillappear(Figure16).

Figure15:Anarbitrarylineoverlayisextractedfromthe3Dsurveyusingthedigitizearbitrary
lineoption.

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Figure16:Arbitrary2DlinedigitizedinFigure15.
Atthispoint,yourfaultsurfaceswillbecorrelatedacrosstheentiresurveyarea.Thenorthdipping
(antithetic)faultsurface,forexample,willappearasshownbelow(Figure17).

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Figure17:Colorrasterdisplayofnorthdipping(antithetic)faultsurface.
27.Continuepickingfaults,inthewesterndirection.Youcaneditinterpolatedfaultpicksbyfirstselecting
thedesiredfaultastheactivefaultintheFaultManagementWindow,andthenhittingtheDkeyto
digitize.Ifyouwishtocorrectaportionoftheinterpolatedpickssimplybeginpickingpointsthroughthe
desiredregion.Doubleclicktocompletedigitization.Yourpickswillreplacetheinterpolatedpicks.
Note:Ifafaulthasbeenextendedtoofar,youcandeleteaportionoftheinterpolatedfaultlineby
digitizingtheextendedportion,anddoubleclickingtoreplacetheinterpolatedlinewithyourpicks.Then
clickonthebadpickanddragtherubberbandtothefirstgoodpickanddoubleclick.Allpointsbeyond
thelastpickwillbedeleted.

28.Onceyouaresatisfiedwithyourfaultinterpretationyoucanbeginpickinghorizons.
29.Asmentionedearlier,theseismicdatawillbetiedtoawellusingtheC38formationtop.Displayline80.
ScrolluntilthewellisvisibleandtheC38topisdisplayedaround1.3seconds.IftheC38topisnot
displayed,leftclickonWellsandWellboreDisplayOptions,LeftclickonPlotFormationTopsandOK.
TheC38shouldbedisplayedandcorrelatedalongapeak(Figure18).

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Figure18:HorizonC38tiedtotwowellsonLine80.
30.Horizonsarecreatedinmuchthesamewayasfaults.Anywhereontheseismicline,rightclickandselect
HorizonManagement.SelecttheCreatetabandthenenterC38forthehorizonnameandthenselecta
color.HitOK.TheC38horizonisnowactive.
31.DisplaythehorizoninmapviewbydoubleclickingontheiconnexttotheC38Horizon.Sincenopicks
havebeenmade,nohorizonisvisible.
32.HorizonPicking:RightclickonaseismiclineandselectPickingParameters.MakesurethatStopat
DisplayedFaultSurfaceIntersectionsisenabled.Thisfeature,whenenabled,workswiththeAutopick2D
Huntmode.Pickingwillstopeitherwheneverdatagoesawayorthehorizonencountersafaultsurface.
33.DisplaytheHorizonToolbarbyleftclickingonView,Toolbars,andHorizonbar.Notethattheactive
horizonishighlightedinthetoolbar.Hotkeysareavailable,M=manualpicking.F=Fillmade,H=2d
Hunt.E=Erase.P=Peak,andT=Trough.Hotkeysarenotavailableforzerocrossings.
34.Notetheshapeofthecursorandthestatusbar.Thecursorisnowrepresentedbya'+'withanE,M,F,orH
nexttoit.ChangethepickingmodetoeitherForH,andchangethephasetopeak.Picktheeventasfaras
youcan.Jumpthefaultifdesired.Notethatthemapdisplayisupdatedimmediatelyafterpicking.
35.Oncethehorizonhasbeenpickedacrosstheinlinesdothecrosslines.Placethecursoronanycrossline
withinanyinlineseismicdisplay,thenrightclickanddisplaythecrosslineatthatpoint.Asmalltickmarkis
visiblewherethetwolinesintersect.Thetickmarkcolorwillbethesameasthatofthehorizonyouare
picking.Youmayalsoseeaverticalredline.Thisredlineisalineoverlayandcanbedisabledbyleft
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clickingonViewandselectingLineOverlays.Acheckmarkindicates'on'.Ifyouchosethe2DHuntmode,
leftclickonceonthetickmarkandtheentirehorizonbetweenfaultsegmentsiscompleted.
Incrementthroughyourdatausingthearrowkeysandcontinuepickingthishorizon,Rememberthat
theskipincrementthatoccurswitheachtouchofthearrowkeycanbeadjustedusingtheLine,
SeismicLineSkipIncrementselections.Thensettheincrementtothenumberoflinesdesired(5for
example).Nowisalsoagoodtimetocheckfortheconsistencyofyourpicksasyoumakeyourway
throughthecrosslines.YoushouldendupwithpickedgridoflinesfortheC38horizon(Figure19).

Figure19:Horizonpicksareshownonthegridofinlinesandcrosslines.Traveltimesarecolor
coded.Faultintersections(MaininRedandAntitheticinGreen)arecorrelatedthroughthearea.
36.DrawfaultpolygonsaroundthefaultgapsbyrightclickingonthemapandthenEnableFaultPolygon
Editing.ThenselectDigitizeFaultPolygons.Youmayfinditusefultozoominonthefaultstoobservethe
gapsasshowninFigure20.
Beginleftclickingaseriesofpoints,whichdefinethefaultgaps.Doubleclickonthefinalpoint.The
faultpolygonisdrawntooutlinethegap(Figure20),
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Figure20:FaultgapsinhorizonC38appearinacloseupviewofthebasemap.
Itmayhelptozoominanddrawpolygonsaroundvisiblesegmentsinacloseupview.Usetheslide
barstorepositionyourviewingareafartheralongthefault.Continuedigitizingthepolygon.When
therubberbandisreturnedtotheadjoiningpointontheopposingsideofthefault,doubleclickon
thatpoint.Onecontinuouspolygonwillappear.Yourfaultpolygonswilllooksimilartothoseshown
inFigure21below.

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Figure21:Closeupviewoffaultpolygonsdrawnaroundthefaultgaps.
Alternatively,useAutoCreateFaultPolygons.Thisoptionisusefulwheneverthefaultsurfaceis
easilypickedandsmooth.GotothemenubarandselectFaults,AutoCreateFaultPolygons.You
candisplayfaultpolygonsinseveralways:outlineonly,solidfillorsolidfillwithanoutline.To
changethedisplay,rightclickonthemap,selectFaultManagementthenselecttheFaultPolygons
tab.MakeyourselectionandhitOK.
37.Withthisgrid,thehorizonisnowreadyfortheautopicker.
38.LeftclickonHorizonsontheCommandlineandselectPolygonHunt.Usingtheleftmousebutton,drawa
polygonaroundoneofthefaultblocks.Doubleclicktoend.Autopickingbeginsimmediatelyafterdouble
clicking.Continuethisprocessusingaseriesofpolygons.Notrecommendedisonegiantpolygon.Instead,
createaseriesofsmallerpolygons.
NotethatyoucanbringupaseismiclineandgotoregionsofthedatawherethePolygonHuntoperations
arehavingtrouble.Youcanmanuallyinterpretthedataintheseregionsdirectlyontheseismiclines.
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Whenyoudothis,theactiveseismiclinewillshowupasaredline.Ifyouwanttobringupalinenearby
youneedonlyleftclickontheredlineoverlayanddragittothelocationwhereyouneedan
interpretation .

Yourcompletedhorizoninterpretationwilllooksomethingliketheoneshownbelow(Figure22).

Figure22:TwowaytraveltimemaptotopoftheC38reflectorgeneratedfrominterpretationand
automaticcomputertrackingbetweenpicks.
39.Ifyoudon'tlikehow3DHuntworkedinparticulararea,leftclickonHorizonsandselectPolygon3D
Erase.Drawapolygonaroundtheareaofinterestsimilarto3DHunt.Youwillhegiventheoptiontoerase
huntedpicks,seedpicksorbothhuntedandseedpicks.Selecthuntedpicksonly.HitYesandthe
polygonalareaiswipedcleanwithonlytheseedpicksremaining.Repickatightergridifnecessaryand
rerun3DHunt.
40.Oncethemapiscompleted,displaytheamplitudes.GototheProjectTreeandleftclickonthe'+'sign
nexttotheC38horizonline.Thisopensthehorizonshowingyoutheadditionalsurfacesavailable(Figure
23).DragtheamplitudesfromtheProjectTreetothemapwindow.
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Figure23:ViewofProjectTreewindow,Clickingthe+
signatleftonanindividualhorizonopensadropdown
listofotherdataavailableforthathorizon.Inthiscase
displaysofamplitudeandtimearelisted.
DraggingtheamplitudesfromtheProjectTreelisttothebasemapwillcausereflectionevent
amplitudetobedisplayed.
HorizontraveltimesareshowninFigure22.Horizonamplitudesareshownbelow(Figure24).

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Figure24:HorizonamplitudesforC38Seed.
41.GenerateatimestructurecontourmapbyselectingMapandSelectContourOverlay.Selectthehorizon
anddatatype(Time)(Figure25).ClickonOK.

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Figure25:Contouroverlayhorizonselectionmenu.NotetheParameters
button.
AfteryouclickOK,theContourParameterswillautomaticallyappear.Youcanalsochangethe
contourparametersbyclickingontheSetContourParametersIcontoseewhattheeffectis.You
canchecktheeffectofvariousparameterselectionsbyleavingthecontourparameterswindowactive
andselectingApply.Yourresultmayappearsimilartothatshownbelow(Figure26).

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Figure26:ContourOverlayonC38.
42.Creationofadepthmapisatwostageeffortthatbeginswithconstructionofanaveragevelocitymap.To
createavelocitymap,selectToolsfromthemainMenuBarandthenDepthfromthedropdownlist.
UnderDepththereareseveralselections.ClickonComputeAverageVelocityMap.ForType,select
Horizon.Theprogramcomputestheaveragevelocityateachwellusingoneofthreeoptions(Apparent,
TimeGridorFormationTop)(Figure27).

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Figure27:MethodusedtocomputetheAverageVelocityMapofa
selectedhorizonisselectedinthismenu.
TheApparentmethodusedtoconstructtheaveragevelocitymapusesthehorizontimeand
formationtopdepth.Youmustprovideavelocitymapname(Figure27).Griddingparameterscanbe
tailoredtoindividualneeds(Figure28).Timeanddepthpairsarethencombinedtoformanaverage
velocitygrid.

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Figure28:Griddingparametersselectionsmenu.
Averagevelocityinthis(Apparent)approachiscomputedbydividingformationtopdepthbyhalf
thehorizontime.WhetheryouExtrapolate(Figures27and29)ornot(Figure30)willyieldtwo
differentresults.Extrapolationwillprojecttheresultingvelocitygridoutsidetheareaofwellcontrol.

Figure29:Velocitymapformedbyextrapolation.

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Figure30:VelocitygridofC38horizonwithoutextrapolation.Velocitieswerederivedusingthe
Apparentmethod.
TheTimeGridmethodofderivingthevelocitymapusesthehorizontimepicks,convertsthemto
depthusingthewelltime/depthfunctionandthengeneratesavelocitygrid.Thisvelocitymap(Figure
31)isconsiderablydifferentfromthatobtainedusingtheapparentmethod.

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Figure31:VelocitygridfromTimeGridding(noextrapolation).

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Figure32:Velocitygridfromtimegriddingwithextrapolation.
ComparisonofFigures29and32revealnotablebutminordifferencesinthisexample.
TheFormationTopmethodofderivingavelocitymapstartswiththeformationtopdepth,converts
ittotimeusingthewelltime/depthfunctionandthengeneratesavelocitygrid.Ifthehorizonand
formationtopdonottie,threedifferentvelocitiescanbegenerated.Usethedefaultgridparametersas
afirstpassforeachvelocitymap.Depthsobtainedfromthisapproach(Figure33and34)reveal
subtledifferences.

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Figure33:VelocitygridobtainedfromFormationTopmethodwithextrapolationtothebordersofthe
survey.

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Figure34:FormationTopconversionwithoutextrapolationyieldsthisvelocitygrid,whichhasbeen
extendedtoincorporatewell#10alongoneofthe2Dlinesexternaltothe3Dsurvey.
43.Oncethevelocitymaphasbeengenerated,youarereadytoconverttimestodepth.Fromthetopmenubar
clickonToolsthenDepth,thenDepthMapbyAverageVelocityMap.Thiswillopenupthemenushown
below(Figure35).

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Figure35:DepthMapbyAverageVelocityMapmenu.
Supplytheappropriateinformationintheabovemenu(Figure35)andthenclickOK.TheGrid
Parameterswindow(notshown)willthenappear.Parameterscanbetailoredtoyourspecificproject.
ClickOKtogeneratetheDepthMap(Figure36).

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Figure36:Depthmapderivedfromtheaveragevelocitymap.
Edgeeffectsmaybenoticeableonyourdepthmap.Theseareascaneasilyberemovedusingthe
Grids,PolygonEraseutility.Polygonerasewillprovideyouwitha"rubberband"thatyoucanuse
todefineanenclosedregiontodelete.Theoperationisidenticaltothatusedtodigitizefault
polygons.Digitizethepointsaroundtheregionyouwishtodeleteanddoubleclicktocompletethe
operation.
44.Contourthedepthmapanddisplaytheamplitudesunderthecontours.Rememberthatyoucan
contouryourmapsusingtheMapSelectContourOverlayoptions.ContoursofvelocityfortheC38
horizonareshownbelow(Figure37).

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Figure37:Depthsobtainedfromtimegridding(Figure32)havebeencontouredfortheC38horizon.
AmplitudesoftheC38reflectioneventcanthenbefollowedalongthestructurebydraggingthe
amplitudehorizonfromtheprojectmenuontothemap(seemontageFigure38).Notethe
associationofamplitudeanomalieswiththefaultsinthisexample.

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Figure38:ReflectioneventamplitudescombinedwithadepthcontouroverlayfortheC38Horizon.

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