REPORT ON

GEOGRAPHY FIELD
STUDY TO MALINDI

CONTENTS PAGE:

TITLE PAGE
page 1

DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

 INTRODUCTION, AIM AND OBJECTIVES

page 3

REPORT ON THE FINDINGS

page 4-9
(DATA PRESENTATION)

CONCLUSION
page 10

INTRODUCTION

It was an investigation of natural and human factors in Mombasa and Kilifi counties. The
area of study was between Nyali and River Sabaki.

MAP OF MOMBASA TO MALINDI

DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

KEY
In blue-road to Malindi

AIM

To investigate physical and human geography between Nyali and river Sabaki

OBJECTIVES

To identify and classify types of farming

To identify and classify types of industries
To name the settlements between Mombasa and Sabaki
To identify and describe the types of natural vegetation
To identify the types of landforms and water bodies in the an area
To investigate how creeks and mangrove swamps are formed

A REPORT OF THE FINDINGS (DATA PRESENTATION)

DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

FARMING
Several types of farming were seen on our way from Mombasa to Malindi. The type of
farming that was seen in almost all the settlements we passed was coconut farming.
Coconut farming is classified as arable (specialisation i.e. it only focuses on trees),
commercial (economic status e.g. Coconuts are used to make coconut oil), extensive
(intensity of land use i.e. tress need a large space to be planted on, but dont need too
much care), and Sedentary (land tenure i.e. farmer doesnt shift from place to
place).The places where coconut farming was mostly seen was in Shimo la Tewa,
Takaungu and Mtsangoni.

COCONUT PLANTATIONS IN THE SOUTH OF MOMBASA, KENYA.

The purpose of this picture is to prove that coconut farming has to be done
in an extensive scale i.e. a lot of land is needed
The second type of farming we saw on our way was banana. It is classified as Arable
(specialisation i.e. only involves growing of crops), subsistence (economic status i.e.
bananas are mostly grown to be eaten by the farmers and their family) intensive
(intensity of land use i.e. little land needed, but a lot of care) and shifting cultivation
(land tenure i.e. farmer may have to shift from one land to another).The places where
it was seen was Shimo la Tewa and Takaungu.
The third type of farming was cattle farming. However, cattle farming were not seen
much during the study. Cattle farming is a form of pastoral farming (specialisation as it
includes animals, cows), commercial farming (economic status i.e. cows are
DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

slaughtered for meat which can be sold) and nomadic herding (land tenure i.e. farmer
moves from one place to another with the animals in search for food and water).This
type of farming was seen in Shimo la Tewa.
The second type of livestock rearing we saw was goats. This was also seen very
rarely during the study. Goat farming is classified as pastoral (specialisation),
subsistence (economic status i.e. got meat is usually eaten that sold), nomadic
herding (land tenure).This type of farming was seen in Kikambala.
Another type of farming seen in Kikambala was paw paw.it is classified as arable
(specialisation), subsistence (economic status), extensive (intensity of land use),
sedentary (land tenure).
The farming we saw done on the largest scale was sisal farming. This is classified as
arable (specialisation), commercial (economic status e.g. sisal plants are used to
make sisal ropes), extensive (intensity of land use, sisal farming was seen to be done
on the largest scale and not many workers were seen) and sedentary (land
tenure).Sisal farming was seen in Vipingo.
Another type of farming seen was maize farming. This is classified as arable
(specialisation), subsistence (economic status i.e. the people was poor so they didnt
have enough money to produce good crops for sale), intensive (intensity of land use
i.e. Small land, a lot of labour) and shifting cultivation (land tenure).

SISAL FARMING IN VIPINGO SHOWING IT IS EXTENSIVE.

DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

In Kilif we saw cassava plantations. Cassava is classified as arable, subsistence,

extensive and shifting cultivation.
Cashewnut plantations were seen in Tezo. It is classified as arable, commercial,
intensive and sedentary.
The last type of farming we saw was Bamboo plantations. This was also rarely
seen.it is classified as arable, commercial (used for building), extensive and
subsistence.it was seen in Chumani.

INDUSTRIES
industry
Bamburi cement
Tourism
Kenya tropical
sea life limited
Coastal bottlers
Brilliant garments
Mombasa cement

location
Bamburi

class
Manufacturing

Deals with
Cement

Bamburi

Industry
Tertiary industry

Recreation

Kikambala

Secondary

services
Fish processing

Kikambala

Industry
Manufacturing

Sodas

Kikambala

Industry
Manufacturing

Garments

Mshariani

Industry
Manufacturing

Cement

industry

SETTLEMENTS
DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

Our point of departure which was the first settlement was Mombasa. Mombasa being a city with
a size of 113.8 mi squared has many high-order services. The services we saw on our way to the
next settlement were supermarkets e.g. Naivas and Nakumatt, Hotels e.g. whitesands, tourist
companies such as pollmans, pharmacies e.g. Heltons, shops and kiosks, restaurants e.g. yuls
The second settlement we reached after Mombasa was Shanzu.Shanzu is a suburb of
Mombasa. There were quite a few services in Shanzu including hotels e.g. Serena beach resort,
Restaurants e.g. sea haven restaurant, trading shops e.g. Shanzu traders
The third settlement we passed was Mtwapa which is a town located in Kenyas Kilifi county. The
town is situated approximately 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north-east of Mombasa on
the Mombasa Malindi road. The services in Mtwapa included hotels e.g. monalisa
hotel, pharmacies e.g

new Vipingo pharmacy, shops, supermarkets e.g. tuskeys,

banks e.g co-operative bank, restaurants etc.

The settlement after mtwapa was Kikambala also located in Kilifi County. Kikambala
has services including medical centres e.g. oasis medical centre, chemists, hotels e.g.
sun and sand, restaurants e.g. porini etc.
After kikambala comes vipingo which is also a residential area e.g. Vipingo ridge, It
has hotels, restaurants and even transport services e.g. Vipingo airport, it also has
leisure services e.g. golf courses.
The next settlements we passed across were mostly rural villages e.g. Mshariani and
Takaungu.Takaungu is also located in Kilifi County with a population of 1500 and is
10km south of Kilifi town, in the kikambala division.
After these two villages we passed through Mnarani containing services such as hotels
e.g. Mnarani beach club and restaurants.
Mnarani lead us to kilifi.This is a resort town, on the coast of Kenya, 56km by road of
Mombasa. The town lies on the Kilifi Creek and sits on the estuary of the Goshi River.
Kilifi is capital of the Kilifi County and has a population of 122,899. Kilifi is mostly
known for its tourist services e.g. beaches, ruins e.g. Mnarani ruins, including
mosques and tombs dating from the 14th to the 17th century. It also has services such
as hotels, restaurants, medicals centres e.g. pwani medical centre, hospitals, and also
education services e.g. Pwani University.
The rest of the settlements we passed were mostly just towns and villages including
Tondia, Tezo, Chumani, Mtsangoni, Mida and Gede. Mida and Gede are known for their
tourist sites e.g. Mida creek and Gede ruins.

DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

HALLER
PARK:

MATSANGO
NI:
GRASS,NEE

GRASS,
NEEM

MTWAPA:
MANGO
TREES,
GRASS,
ASHOK
TREES,

SHIMO LA
TEWA:
GRASS, NEEM
TREES,

TYPES NATURAL
VEGETATION SEEN ON
THE WAY FROM
MOMBASA TO MALINDI

MIDA
SEA WEED,
GRASS,
MANGROV

VIPINGO
SISEL, UCALYPTUS,
NEEM,
PINE TREES, ACESIA
TAKAUNGU
COCONUT, MANGO,
GRASS, NEEM, BAOBAB,
PAW PAW,
MAIZE,BANANA
DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

LANDFORMS
There were a total of three landforms we saw in our field study. The first one was
plains which is a flat area. Most of the areas with plains were mtwapa, Mombasa,
shanzu and Kikambla. We saw flood plains near mtwapa creek. The areas with plains
had many buildings and services as it is easier to build on flat land. However, these
settlements also had a few hills But the main place hill or ridges were seen was in
vipingo which is how the hill sides of vipingo got the name vipingo ridge. The hills
were where the sisal plantations were and also most of the hotels and estates. We
also saw interlocking spurs in Takaungu. A lot of subsistent farming was going on their
e.g maize farming.

DRAINAGE FEATURES:
The first drainage feature we saw was mtwapa creek, located in Mombasa. The creek
was in colour showing that there were a lot of deposits in the creek and a lot of
pollution e.g. the mtwapa town drainage leads in the creek. The creek also had wild
animals such as hippopotamus.
The second drainage feature we saw were swamps in kikambala and in
matsangoni.The swamps in Mtsangoni were called mangrove swamps. They contained
vegetation like mangroves, sea weed, sea grass etc. They also had animals such as
crabs, water spiders etc.
The third drainage feature we saw were ponds also in kikambala.
The fourth drainage feature we saw was Kilifi creek, located in Kilifi. This creek was
also brown in colour due to the deposits and pollution.
The last drainage feature we saw before our return was the Sabaki River located
Malindi. This was also brown in colour and also had animals such as hippopotamuses
and crocodiles. We saw deposits of alluvium next the river bed too.

DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

MTWAPA CREEK.

CREEKS
The creeks we passed during our field study were mtwapa and Kilifi creek.
HOW THEY WERE FORMED:
Some creeks were first rivers before they became creeks e.g. mtwapa creek. But their
transformation was caused due to rise of sea levels. As the sea level rose, the water
entered the river eroding it making it wider and deeper. The sea remained where the
river was forming a creek.
VEGETATION:
The types of vegetation we saw along the water feature were thickets, mango
tress,plam tress,mangroves,pine trees and grass.

MANGROVE SWAMPS:
This is a tidal swamp that is dominated by
mangroves and associated by vegetation.
The mangrove swamp we visited was in
matsangoni.it was known as Mtsangoni
mangrove swamp
HOW ARE THEY FORMED?
Mangrove swamps are usually found in estuaries where fresh water meets salt water.
Mangrove swamps are mainly formed due to a rise of sea levels. High tide brings in
salt water, and when the tide recedes, solar evaporation of the seawater in the soil
leads to further increases in salinity. The return of tide can flush out these soils,
bringing them back to salinity levels comparable to that of seawater.
DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

TYPES OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS:

The types of plants and animals found there were Mangroves. These have the ability
to survive in both salt and fresh water. There were also salt tolerant weeds and sea
grass. The types of animals seen were Crabs, lobsters, water spiders etc.
RIVER SABAKI:
The river is located north to Malindi town and its other names are Athi and Galana.
The river also has a separate name for its source and mouth. Its mouth is called
Sabaki and its source is called galena. The river processes we predicted were taking
place were firstly erosion. We found this out because there was a river cliff. The
second process was transportation. We could tell this because of the muddy-brown
water. The third and last process we predicted was deposition. We could tell due to
brown colour of the river showing the river has deposits of clay, mud and silt. The
landforms we observed formed by the river were meanders, river cliffs and river
beaches. We observed the flow of water on the outer bend and inner bend. The
observation was that in the outer bend the the flow was faster that the inner bend
proving the formation of the cliff and beach.
BENEFITS OF RIVER:
Some benefits of the river could be that people could use it for several activities e.g.
fishing, swimming etc.it can be used as domestic use e.g. for washing clothes.it can
be used as a water supply for humans and animals.it can also be used for bathing.
The is also very useful as a tourist attraction.
PROBLEMS OF RIVER:
A few problems of the river are that there is a chance floods to occur causing loss of
homes, deaths of people, spread of diseases etc. Due to the pollution and
contamination of the river water and since people drink the water and bath with it
there is a chance of a spread of water born disease. The nearby people have a risk of
being attacked by dangerous animals such as hippos of crocodiles. There is also a risk
of people drowning when water level is high.

DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

SABAKI RIVER. THIS PICTURE IS TO PROVE IT WAS BROWN.

CONCLUSION
FARMING
The type of farming done at the largest scale was sisal farming. But the type of
farming seen most was coconut farming. Not many workers were seen showing that
most farming extensive. All of the farming except of two was arable.
INDUSTRIES:
Most of the industries seen were manufacturing industries. Only one was a tertiary
industry. Most of the manufacturing industries were seen in kikambala.
SETTLEMENTS:
The largest settlement which was a city was Mombasa.it also had the most services.
The settlement with the most restaurants was Malindi. Almost all of the towns had
DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em

restaurants and hotels. The villages such as Takaungu didnt have much service.
There was more of farming.
NATURAL VEGETATION:
The types of vegetation seen everywhere was grass. The vegetation which was seen
almost everywhere was neem tress. The most rarely seen vegetation was mangroves,
baobab, and mango and acesia trees. A variety of vegetation was seen in Takaungu.
LANDFORMS:
The type of landform mostly seen was plains which were where most of the services
were. The places with interlocking spurs and hills had more of farming e.g. we saw
maize farming on the interlocking spurs and sisal plantations on the hills at vipingo.
DRAINAGE FEATURES:
There were two creeks observed on our way and two swamps. The creeks and swamps
were the largest drainage features we saw.

DONE BY: HUSSEIN MOHAMEDALI 9em