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UNIVERSIDAD SURCOLOMBIANA
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA
NEIVA
2015
1. MARCO TEORICO
2. TABLA DE RESULTADOS
2.1 Determinacin de la constante de ionizacin del cido actico a partir de
una solucin amortiguadora.
VASOS [CH3COOH]
n/L
A
0.16
[CH3COONa]
n/L
0.04
pH
[H3O+]
4.36
4.36*10-5 4.96
1.09*10-5
T(C
)
26.2
0.14
0.06
4.11
7.76*10-5
4.47
3.32*10-5
26.8
0.12
0.08
3.89
1.28*10-4
4.06
8.53*10-5
27.0
PKa
Vasos:
A:
[C f ]:
0.004 L x 0.2 M
0.02 L
= 0.04 M.
B:
[C f ]:
0.006 L x 0.2 M
0.02 L
= 0.06 M.
C:
[C f ]:
0.008 L x 0.2 M
0.02 L
= 0.08 M.
[C f ]:
Vi x Mi
Vt
Ka
Vasos:
A:
[C f ]:
0.016 L x 0.2 M
0.02 L
= 0.16 M.
B:
[C f ]:
0.014 L x 0.2 M
0.02 L
= 0.14 M.
C:
[C f ]:
0.012 L x 0.2 M
0.02 L
= 0.12 M.
Vasos:
A: antilog 4.36 = 4.36 *10-5
B: antilog 4.11 = 7.76 *10-5
C: antilog 3.89 = 1.28 *10-4
pKa: pH - Log
[ C H 3 COONa ]
[C H 3 COOH ]
Vasos:
A: 4.36 Log
[0.04]
[0.16]
= 4.96
B: 4.11 Log
[ 0.06]
[ 0.14]
= 4.47
C: 3.89 Log
[ 0.08]
[ 0.12]
= 4.06
Vasos:
A: Ka =
B: Ka =
C: Ka =
[ 4.36105 ] [0.04]
[0.16 ]
=3.3210
[1.28104 ] [0.08 ]
[0.12]
Ka(valor promedio):
=1.0910
=8.5310
=4.31*10-5
NH4Cl
n/L
0.5
[ NH4+]
pH
0.5
5.45
[ H3O+]
3.54*10-6
Kb
2.81
T(C)
x
27.2
27.5
28.0
10
B
0.4
0.4
3.22
6.02*10-4
1.65
11
10
C
0.3
0.3
5.17
6.76*10-4
1.47
9
10
Tabla 2. Constantes del amoniaco (kb) en cada una de las soluciones.
Vi x Mi
Vt
Vasos:
A:
[C f ]:
0.010 L x 1 M
0.02 L
= 0.5 M.
B:
[C f ]:
0.008 L x 1 M
0.02 L
= 0.4 M.
C:
[C f ]:
0.006 L x 1 M
0.02 L
= 0.3 M.
Vasos:
A: antilog 5.45 = 3.54 *10-6
Vasos:
A: OH: 8.55 ;
10OH
POH: 14 - pH
B: OH: 10.78 ;
C: OH: 8.83 ;
10.78
10
8.83
10
Kb(valor promedio):
= 1.65 x
= 1.47 x
11
10
10
= 1.43*10-9
2. ANALISIS DE RESULTADOS
3. CUESTIONARIO
1. Presente los resultados de la tabla 3.2 y justifique los valores con los
clculos respectivos.
Rpt// La solucin de esta pregunta, se plantea en la parte de tabla de
resultados.
KapromedioKa
K apromedio
%error:
%error:
= 0 x 100 = 22.96%
%error:
%error= 65.19%
+ KOH
C H 3 COOK
H2O
H
C
3 CO O
C H 3 COOK
+
K
Calcular pH:
C H 3 COOK
C H 3 CO O
0.01
0.01
C H 3 CO O
C H 3 COOH
0.01
-x
+x
+x
0.01 x
Kb =
5.6x1 0
10
+
K
0.01
H2O
x2
(0.01x )
Kb =
(0.01x ) =
Kw
Ka
+ O H
1.01 x 1 014
1.8 x 1 05
= 5.6x1 0
10
x2
X=
= 2.3x1 0
= 2.3x1 0
M
6
] = 5.6
pH = 14 5.6 = 8.4
Luego, presenta un pH propio de una solucin bsica.
, X=
HNO2 + NaOH
+
N O 2 + N a
Na ( N O 2
Calcular pH:
+
N O 2 + N a
Na( N O 2
0.01
0.01
N O 2 +
H2O
0.01
0.01 x
x2
(0.01x )
2.4x1 0
HN O 2
0
-x
Kb =
0.01
11
+x
+x
Kb =
( 0.01x) =
11
+ 2.4x1 0
+ O H
Kw
Ka
1.01 x 1 014
4.2 x 104
x2
13
x 2.4x1 0
=0
= 4.9x1 0
11
= 2.4x1 0
M
7
= 4.9x1 0
X=
] = 6.3
pH = 14 6.3 = 7.7
Luego, presenta un pH propio de una disolucin bsica.
+ 2N H 3
(N H 4 2 S O 4
(N H 4 2 S O 4
S O4
+ 2N H 4
Calcular Ph:
(N H 4 2 S O 4
0.01
N H4
S O4
0.01
H2O
0.01
N H3
0.01
-x
+x
+x
0.01 x
+ 2N H 4
+
H 3 O
Kb =
x2
(0.01x )
10
5.6x1 0
Kb =
(0.01x ) =
Kw
Ka
14
1.01 x 1 0
1.8 x 105
10
= 5.6x1 0
X=
10
12
+ 5.6x1 0
x 5.6x1 0
=0
= 2.3x1 0
= 2.3x1 0
, X=
M
6
] = 5.6
pH = 5.6
+ N H3
C H 3 COON H 4
C H 3 COON H 4
C H 3 CO O
H4
N
H4
N
Calcular pH:
C H 3 COON H 4
C H 3 CO O
H2O
0.01
0.01
C H 3 CO O
H4
N
10
Ka = 5.6x1 0
10
H4
N
H2O
C H 3 COOH
H2O
Kb = 5.6x1 0
0.01
N H3
o 5.7 x1 0
H2O
0.01
-x
+x
+x
0.01 x
Ka =
X=
+
H 3 O
+
H 3 O
10
N H3
x2
(0.01x )
+ O H
10
Ka = 5.7x1 0
= 2.4x1 0
] = 5.6
pH = 8.4
HCl + NaOH
H2O
NaCl +
NaCl
+ N a
Calcular Ph:
Su pH es neutro, pH = 7, ya q los dos son muy dbiles para hidrolizarse.
5. La constante del HCN es 4.0*10-10 , calcular el PH y el grado de hidrolisis
de una disolucin acuosa de NaCN 0.01 M.
Rpt//
NaCN
C N
0.01
0.01
C N
+ N a
0.01
H2O
HCN + O H
0.01
-x
+x
+x
Kb =
Kw
Ka
0.01 x
Kb =
x2
(0.01x )
5
2.5x1 0 (0.01x)
1.01 x 1 014
4.0 x 1010
= 2.5x1 0
x2
x 2 + 2.5x1 05 x 2.5x1 07 = 0
2.5 x 1 05 6.3 x 1010 +1.0 x 1 06
X=
2
pOH = - log [4.8x1 0
] = 3.31
= 4.8x1 0
pH = 14 3.3 = 10.7
4.8 x 1 04
x 100 = 4.8 %
% =
0.01
CONCLUSIONES
1.
Recomendaciones:
El equipo (pehachimetro) debe de estar calibrado para poder calcular un valor real
de pH de la solucin que se est estudiando, debido a que el porcentaje de error
es bastante alto.
BIBLIOGRAFIA: