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Air is a mixture
% in the air
Notes
oxygen
21
nitrogen
78
argon (and
other noble or
unreactive gases)
Used in light bulbs because it will not react with the hot
filament.
carbon dioxide
0.035
water
60.1
2 Which of the gases is used by living things and is given to people with breathing difficulties?
Worksheet 8.2A
When two metals are mixed together, it makes an alloy. The properties of alloys are different from the
metals that make up the alloy.
Silver is very soft and can be easily made into coins. Pure silver coins would wear away very quickly so
silver coins have other metals added to them to make them stronger.
Iron is not used for cutlery because it rusts. Stainless steel is used, which is an alloy that contains iron.
You may need to use the internet or a library to find the answers to these questions.
1 What is added to iron to form stainless steel?
2 Statues are often made of the alloy bronze. What metals are used in this alloy?
3 Copper is used for water pipes because it is easy to bend. Taps are usually made of stainless steel
rather than copper. Why?
4 Gold is very soft but it can be made harder by adding other metals. Which other metals are used?
Worksheet 8.2B
The two labels below come from different brands of mineral water.
Brand A
Mineral
Amount mg/l
Calcium
53
Magnesium
17
Sodium
24
Potassium
Chlorides
35
Bicarbonates
248
Sulfates
11
Nitrates
Iron
Aluminium
Brand B
Mineral
Amount mg/l
Calcium
68
Magnesium
15
Sodium
21
Potassium
1.5
Chlorides
39
Bicarbonates
202
Sulfates
Nitrates
Iron
Aluminium
5 Draw a chart on the grid below to display the data from the tables. Make sure that the data can be
easily compared.
Worksheet 8.6
Cut out these cards. Match the terms with their definitions.
solute
a solution in which no
more solute will
dissolve
soluble
unable to dissolve
solubility
transparent
a substance that is
dissolved in a liquid
opaque
a measure of how
soluble a substance is
solution
a liquid in which
solutes will dissolve
dissolve
saturated solution
insoluble
able to dissolve
solvent
Worksheet 8.7A
Planning an investigation
Support sheet
Your teacher will give you a solute to investigate. Plan an investigation to find out how much of the
solute will dissolve in water (the solvent) at different temperatures.
Use the questions here as a guide. Use the spaces to write your ideas before you complete your plan.
1 What are you trying to find out?
7 What will you measure and which units will you use? This is the dependent variable.
Write up your plan and show it to your teacher before you carry out the investigation.
Worksheet 8.7B
You can use these questions to help you plot your results on a graph.
1 When you plot the graph, the independent variable goes along the horizontal axis. Which is the
independent variable? What label will you use?
2 The dependent variable goes up the vertical axis. Which is the dependent variable? What label will
you use?
4 What are the points you need to consider when plotting a graph?
Worksheet 8.7C
Correcting mistakes
Felipe and Patrico have collected some data from their experiment. They have investigated the
solubility of potassium chloride in 100 g water at different temperatures. They have changed the
temperature and measured the mass in g of the potassium chloride they used.
Here is their results table.
Temperature of water
30
50
70
Mass of potassium
chloride used
25
35
48
1 What corrections should Felipe and Patrico make to their results table?
2 Do they have enough results to plot a graph and be sure of their findings?
Temperature of water / C
70
50
30
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
3 What mistakes have Felipe and Patrico made with the graph?
20
30
40
50
60
70
54
64
72
82
84
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
x
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80