3.

Stored on a CD-ROM is a 200 MB message to be transmitted by an email from one mail server to another, passing three nodes of a
connectionless network. This network forces packets to be of size 10
KB, including a packet header of 40 bytes. Nodes are 400 miles apart,
and servers are 50 miles away from their corresponding nodes. All
transmission links are of type 100 Mb/s. The processing time at each
node is 0.2 seconds per packet.
a. Find the propagation delays per packet between a server and a
node and between nodes.
b. Find the total time required to send this message.
4.
Equation 1.2 gives the total delay time for connection-oriented
networks. Let tp be the packet-propagation delay between each two
nodes, tf1 be the data packet transfer time to the next node, and tr1 be the
data packet processing time. Also, let tf2 be the control-packet transfer
time to the next node, and tr2 be the control-packet processing time.
Give an expression for D in terms of all these variables.
5.
Suppose that a 200 MB message stored on a CD-ROM is to be
uploaded on a destination through a virtual-circuit packet-switched
network. This network forces packets to be of size 10 KB, including a
packet header of 40 bytes. Nodes are 400 miles apart, and servers are
50 miles away from their corresponding nodes. All transmission links
are of type 100 Mb/s. The processing time at each node is 0.2 seconds
per packet. For this purpose, the signaling packet is 500 bit long.
a. Find the total connection request/accept process time.
b. Find the total connection release process time.
c. Find the total time required to send this message.
6.
We want to deliver a 12 KB message by uploading it in the
destination's Web site through a 10-node path of a virtual-circuit
packet-switched network. For this purpose, the signaling packet is 500
bits long. The network forces packets to be of size 10 KB including a
packet header of 40 bytes. Nodes are 500 miles apart. All transmission
links are of type 1 Gb/s. The processing time at each node is 100 ms
per packet and the propagation speed is 2.3 x 108 m/s.

a. Find the total connection request/accept process time.

b. Find the total connection release process time.
c. Find the total time required to send this message.
7.
To analyze the transmission of a 10,000-bit-long packet, we want the
percentage of link utilization used by the data portion of a packet to be
72 percent. We also want the ratio of the packet header, h, to packet
data, d, to be 0.04. The transmission link speed is s = 100 Mb/s.
a. Find the link utilization, .
b. Find the link capacity rate, , in terms of packets per second.
c. Find the average delay per packet.
d. Find the optimum average delay per packet.
8.
Consider a digital link with a maximum capacity of s = 100 Mb/s
facing a situation resulting in 80 percent utilization. Equal-size packets
arrive at 8,000 packets per second. The link utilization dedicated to
headers of packets is 0.8 percent.
a. Find the total size of each packet.
b. Find the header and data sizes for each packet.
c. If the header size is not negotiable, what would the optimum
size of packets be?
d. Find the delay for each optimal-sized packet.
9.
Develop a signaling delay chart, similar to Figures 1.7 and 1.8, for
circuit-switched networks. From required steps, get an idea that would
result in the establishment of a telephone call over circuit-switched
networks.
10.
In practice, the optimum size of a packet estimated in Equation (1.7)
depends on several other contributing factors.
a. Derive the optimization analysis, this time also including the

header size, h. In this case, you have two variables: d and h.

b. What other factors might also contribute to the optimization of
the packet size?

Answer

3.
8

Asumsikan kecepatan transmisinya adalah 2.3 10

a. Konversikan 400 mile = 6437450 m (jarak node ke node)

konversikan 50 mile = 80467 m (jarak server ke node)
Delay propagasi (tp1 ) dari node ke node =

s
v

6,4375 x 10 5 m
2,3 x 10 8 m/ s

=2,7389 x 10-3 s
Delay propagasi (tp2) dari server ke node =

s
v

8,0467 x 104 m
8
2,3 x 10 m/s

=3,4386 x 10-4 s

b.

D=( nh1 ) t p

+ { n p +(nh2) }t f +n h t r

4.
Dt=Dp+Dc dan Dp = (nh 1) tp + [np + (nh - 2) ]tf1 + nh tr1
Untuk nilai Dc,paket kontrol hanya berupa 1 paket, maka np =

1.kemudian ,karena delay untuk mengirimkan paket control berisi 3

komponen,yaitu connection-request packet,connection-accept packet,dan
connection-release packet,maka delay packet control dikalikan dengan 3.
Untuk 1 komponen :
Dc = (nh -1)tp + [1 + (nh 2)]tf2 + nhtr-2
Untuk 3 komponen :
Dc = 3[(nh -1)tp + [1 + (nh 2)]tf + nhtr]
Dt=Dp+Dc
Dp = 4(nh -1)tp + [np + (nh - 2) ]tf1 + 3(nh -1)tf2 + [nh(tr1 + 3tr3)]

5.

np=

200 MB
10000 B40 B

= 2080

Dt=Dp+Dc

tp1 =

50 miles x 1600 m/miles

2,3 x 10 8 m/ s

tp2 =

40 0 miles x 1600 m/ miles

2,3 x 108 m/s

= 0,35 ms
= 2,8 ms

a. tr= 0,2 dan np = 1

dconnection-req = dconnection-acpt
=
= [(2-1)0,35 + (3-1)2,8]ms + [1+ (5-2)]

500 b / packet
200 mb/ s

1x0,2S 0,2
b. dconnect-release 0,2
c. tr = 2080 x 0,2 = 4,016 s
dp = nh x tr = 5 x 4,016 =20,090 s
dc = dconnect-release + dconnection-acpt + dconnection-req = 0,2+0,2+0,2=0,6
Dt=Dp+Dc = 20,690s
S= 109 b/s
nh= 10 nodes
tr = 0,1 s
10,000B data dipecah menjadi 2 paket
Packet1 (P1) size = 9,960 (data) + 40 (header) = 10,000B
Packet2 (P2) size = 2,040 (data) + 40 (header) = 2,080
Maka :
10,000 B x 8 b /B
t f 1 p 1=
=
9
8 x 10-5 s
10 b /s
t f 1 p 2=

2.080 B x 8 b /B
=16,64 x 106
9
10 b /s

6.

t f 2=waktu transfer untuk packet control=

Propagation delay:
3
l 500 miles x 1,61 x 10 m
t p= =
8
c
2,3 x 10 m/s

500b
9
10 b /s

= 5 x 10-7 s

= 3,5 x 10-3s

a. request + accept time

t1+t2 = 2 {[np + (nh-2)tf2 + (nh-1)tp + nhtr]}
1
b. t3 = 2 (t1 + t2) = 1,03 s
c. Dp = [np + (n-2) -1]tf1-p1 + (1)tf1-p2 + nhtr + (nh-1)tp
= 1,5 x 10 4 s + 1s + 3,15 x 10 2 s = 1,031 s
Dc = t1 + t2 + t3 = 3,09 s
Dt = Dp + Dc = 1,03 + 3,09 = 4,1 s n
7.
d + h = 10,000 b,
pd= 72%

h
=0,04
d
s = 100 Mb/s
d
a. h= 0,04d sehingga d+ h
d
karena pd = p d+ h
b.
c.

s
h+d

= 0,96

sehingga 0,72=p0,96 dan p = 0,74

6

100 x 10 b /s
3
10 x 10 b

= 10x 103= 10,000 packets/sec

=p =0,74 x 10000=74000
D=

1
=0,38 ms
100007400
2

d.

h pd
(
)
s 1 pd

Dopt =

d+h = 10,000h/d = 0,04

h=384b
Dopt = 0,12

8.
S = 100Mb/s
P = 80%
a.

p=

0,8=

8000

=10,000 packets /s

s
h+d

10,000 =

100 x 10 6
h+d

h+d = 10,000b

b. Ph =0,008 and ph = p

h
d+ h

d+h = 100h
h= 100b, and d=9900b
c. ph = 0,008
pd = p ph = 0,8 0,008
pd = 0,792

dopt = h

pd )
1 p d

= 809 bits

(d+h)opt = h+dopt = 100 + 809

2
h pd
d. Dopt = s ( 1 p )
d
d+h = 10,000h/d = 0,04
H=384b
Dopt = 0,12

9.
.

Setelah
penyelesaian
jaringan
berhasil,sebuah
sinyal
mengkonfirmasi penyelesaian pembangunan sirkuit,(connect signal

seperti pada diagram) dikembalikan kembali ke node A tanpa search

delay karena jaringan telah selesai dibangun.Setelah itu maka
transfer data dimulai dan setelah data transfer selesai,jaringan
diputus.Delay saat pembuatan jaringan bisa cukup
besar,terutama jika yang digunakan adalah peralatan
jaringan telefon biasa

D=

10

d+ h
pd
s [1
]
d ( d +h )

a.
Sehingga hopt=
b. Queueing delay

d (12 p d )
2 pd