Systemic Drug Prescription in

Dentistry
Iyad Abou Rabii DDS, OMFS, MRes, PhD

QASSIM UNIVERSITY
 Systemic Drug Prescription in Dentistry
Iyad Abou Rabii DDS, OMFS, MRes, PhD

Methods of administering drugs

Drugs may be introduced into the body in several ways
Oral
Buccal
Topical
Parenteral
Inhalation
Rectal
Vaginal

Oral

Advantages
Among the advantages of administering medication orally (as opposed to other
methods) are the following:
· Oral medications are convenient.
· Oral medications are cheaper.
· Oral medications do not have to be pure or sterile. · A wide variety of
oral dosage forms

Disadvantages
· Some patients may have difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules.
· Oral medications are often absorbed too slowly.
· Oral medications may be partially or completely destroyed by the digestive
system

[‫ | ]اختر التاريخ‬Systemic Drug Prescription in Dentistry

Buccal
1. Topical administration
2. Local administration
3. General administration

Advantages
• High local concentration of the drug
• Less side effects
• Les complications
• More accepted by patient
• Non-invasive alternative to parenteral way
•

Disadvantages
• salivary Flow
• Hurdling functions of the oral cavity.
• Unwanted drug swallowing

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 Parenteral
1. Intramuscular
2. Intravenous
3. Subcutaneous
4. Intrapulpal
5. Intradermal
6. Interseptal
7. intraosseous

Advantages
• High local concentration of the drug
• Less side effects
• Les complications
• More accepted by patient
• Non-invasive alternative to parenteral way
•

Disadvantages
• Some patients may have difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules.
• Oral medications are often absorbed too slowly.
• Oral medications may be partially or completely destroyed by the digestive
system

Other Routes
• Rectal root is suitable when rapid drug effect is desired (Sodium Diclofenac)
in case of pain.
• Inhalation is rarley used in Dental Clinic (Anesthesia on Ozone-induced).
• Vaginal rout is not used in dentistry
[‫ | ]اختر التاريخ‬Systemic Drug Prescription in Dentistry

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Drug Prescription
Prescription is:
A written order, especially by a physician, for the preparation and
administration of a medicine or other treatment.

Essential Components of Prescriptions

All written prescriptions should contain:
• Patient's full name and address
• Prescriber's full name, address, telephone number,
• Date of issuance
• Signature of prescriber
• Drug name, dose, dosage form, amount
• Directions for use
• Refill instructions

Latin abbreviations
# Rx : abbreviation of the Latin word "recipe” x as a substitute period.
# ac (ante cibum) means "before meals"
# bid (bis in die) means "twice a day"
# gt (gutta) means "drop"
# hs (hora somni) means "at bedtime"
# do (oculus dexter) means "right eye"
# os (oculus sinister) means "left eye"
# po (per os) means "by mouth"
# pc (post cibum) means "after meals"
# prn (pro re nata) means "as needed"
# q 3 h (quaque 3 hora) means "every 3 hours"
# qd (quaque die) means "every day"
# qid (quarter in die) means "4 times a day"
# Sig (signa) means "write"
# tid (ter in die) means "3 times a day"

Drug Types

[‫ | ]اختر التاريخ‬Systemic Drug Prescription in Dentistry

a) Schedule I
Substances with no accepted medical use
Examples: heroin, LSD, peyote, mescaline, psilocybin, THC, etc.
b) Schedule II
Substances that have a high abuse potential with severe psychic or physical
dependence liability
This list consists of certain narcotic, stimulant, and depressant drugs
Examples: morphine, codeine, percodan
c) Schedule III
Substances with abuse potential less than those in Schedule I and II
Examples: preparations containing certain quantities of narcotics; derivatives of
barbituric acid (barbiturates) except those listed in another schedule, par_egoric
and others
d) Schedule IV
Substances with an abuse potential less than those in Schedule III

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 Examples: barbital, phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, meprobamate (Equannil,
Miltown), diazepam (Valium), etc
Substances with an abuse potential less than that of Schedule IV substances
Consist of certain preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotic
drugs generally for the antitussive and antidiarrheal purposes

Things to be Considered
Drug-Drug Interaction
Action to be conducted when we have such problem:
• Require dosage adjustments
• Temporary or complete elimination of one or the other agent to avoid
serious
• Close monitoring of the subject
• Total change of drug therapy
• Stop herb and supplement use 7-14 days prior to surgery.
• All pre-surgical patients should be questioned about herb/supplement use
to determine recent consumption of anticoagulant or drug-interacting
herbs.
[‫ | ]اختر التاريخ‬Systemic Drug Prescription in Dentistry