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KineticsLabExplained:IodinationofAcetone|OnlineHomeworkHelp|SchoolWorkHelper
KineticsLabExplained:IodinationofAcetone
schoolworkhelper.net/kineticslabexplainediodinationofacetone/
Introduction:
Kineticsinchemistrydealswiththerateatwhichachemicalreactionoccurs.Thisrate,whichisreferredtoas
thereactionrate,isdefinedasthechangeinconcentrationofareactantorproductwithtime,andismeasured
inM/s.Therateofareactionisproportionaltotheconcentrationofreactants.Anequationcalledtheratelaw
expressestherelationshipofthereactionratetotherateconstant,k,andtheconcentrationsofthereactants
raisedtosomepowers,xandy,foundexperimentally.Theratelawisexpressedas,rate=k[A]x[B]y.The
constantkisequaltotheratedividedbytheconcentrationofacertainsubstance.Thepurposeinthislabwasto
experimentallydeterminetherateconstantk,aswellastheexponentialvaluesofxandyintheratelaw.
Experimental:
Theprocedureofthislabwasobtainedfromthestudentlaboratorycoursewebsite.
Results:
Table1:ReagentVolumes
Trial
I2
Acetone
H+
dH2O
TotalVolume
0.5mL
0.8mL
0.8mL
1.9mL
4.0mL
0.5mL
1.6mL
0.8mL
1.1mL
4.0mL
0.5mL
0.8mL
1.6mL
1.1mL
4.0mL
Table2:InitialConcentrations,Times,andRateforEachTrial
Trial
[I2]
[Acetone]
[H+]
Time(sec)
Rate[I2]
6.25e2M
0.68M
0.2M
184sec
3.40e6M/sec
2.50e5M1s1
6.25e2M
1.36M
0.2M
125sec
5.00e6M/sec
1.84e5M1s1
6.25e2M
0.68M
0.4M
88sec
7.10e6M/sec
2.62e5M1s1
SampleCalculations:
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KineticsLabExplained:IodinationofAcetone|OnlineHomeworkHelp|SchoolWorkHelper
Discussion:
Toconductthisexperiment,thegroupsplaced1.9mLofdistilledwater,0.8mLH+(HCl),and0.8mLofan
acetonesolutionintoa4.0mLcuvette.0.5mLofI2wasthenaddedtothecuvette,andthegroupimmediately
startedtimingthereaction.Theymixedthecontentsofthesolutionbyinvertingthecuvetteseveraltimesbefore
placingitintoacalibratedspectrometer.Theabsorbanceratewasmonitoredat400nmuntilitreacheda
nominalzerovalue.Thetimewasthenstopped,andthegroupswereabletodeterminetherate.Twomoretrials
wereconducted,firstdoublingtheoriginalvolumeoftheacetoneandkeepingtheH+ataconstant,thenintrial
3,doublingthevolumeoftheH+andusingtheoriginalvolumeofacetone0.8mL.Constantlykeepingthe
volumeofI2at0.5mL,anddoublingonesolutionwhilekeepingtheotherconstantmadeitpossibletolater
calculatethevalueoftherateconstant,k.Thechemicalreactionbeingstudiedwaschemicalkineticstherate
atwhichI2disappeared.TodeterminetherateofdisappearanceofI2inthereaction,theequation
M1V1=M2V2wasusedtofindtheconcentrationofI2.Then,thatvaluewasdividedbythetimeelapsedtoresultin
therate.WhenI2wasfirstaddedtothecuvette,itwasdarkredincolor.Asthereactionprogressed,thesolution
lostitscolorandbecameclear,consumingtheI2completely.Atthispoint,thespectrophotometerdisplayedthat
at400nm,zerolightwasbeingabsorbedinthesolution.Thestartingconcentrationswerevariedaccordingto
theexperimentdesigninordertocalculatetheratelawexponents.Theratelawdoesnotinclude[I2]becauseI2
doesnotimpacttherateofchemicalreactionundertheconditionsselected.Itisntincludedbecausetherateof
disappearanceofI2waswhatwasbeingsolvedfor.Theratelawdeterminedfromthislabisrate=k[Acetone]
[H+].Byusingthevaluesof[Acetone],[H+],andtherate,andtakingtheaverageofthethreetrials,thevalueofk
wasfoundtobe2.32e5M1s1.
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Recommendedby
Thegoalofdeterminingthevaluesofk,theexponentsx
andy,andtherateofdisappearanceofI2weresuccessfully
met.Theexpectedresultsmatchedupwiththeobtained
resultstheconcentrationofacetoneandH+aredirectly
relatedtotherateofreaction.Both[Acetone]and[H+]are
firstorderreactions,resultinginanoverallsecondorder
reaction.Themainsourceoferrorinlabcamefromnot
correctlymeasuringoutthesubstances,resultinginavery
askewtimeandrateofreaction.Havingincorrectamounts
ofeachsolutioninthecuvettedirectlyaffectedtherateat
whichI2disappeared,whichinturnmadetheresultsnotas
clearorconcise.
Conclusion:
Thegoalofthislabwastoexperimentallydeterminehow
theconcentrationsofAcetoneandH+affecttherateat
whichI2disappearsinareactionbycalculatingthevalues
ofk,theexponentsxandy,andputtingthosevaluesinto
theratelawequation.Thosenumberswerefoundby
alteringtheamountsofeitheracetoneorH+usedineach
trial,whichmadeitpossibletouseanequationprovided
abovetosolveforthevalueofk,andtheexponents,xand
y,intheratelawequation.ItwasfoundthatbothAcetone
andH+haveadirecteffectonthereactionrateofI2.The
ratelawforacetoneiodinationisrate=k[Acetone][H+].The
averagevalueofkcalculatedfromthethreetrialswas
foundtobeabout2.32e5M1s1.
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