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Abello..

PROCLAMATIONS UNDER 1018

Was the declaration of Martial Law in the Philippines by President Ferdinand E. Marcos. It became
effective throughout the entire country on 21 September 1972, and was announced to the public two days
later. It was formally lifted on 17 January 1981six months before the first presidential election in the
Philippines in twelve years.
Under the pretext of an assassination attempt on then-Defense Secretary (now Senator) Juan Ponce
Enrile and an ensuing Communist insurgency, President Marcos enacted the Proclamation that he might
be able to rule by military power.
He initially signed the Proclamation on 17 September 1972, but it was postdated to 21 September
because of his superstitions and numerological beliefs that were related to the number seven. Marcos
formally announced the Proclamation in a live television and radio broadcast from Malacaang Palace a
further two days later on the evening of 23 September 1972.
The following year, President Marcos replaced the 1935 Constitution with a new one that changed the
system of government from a presidential to a parliamentary one, with himself remaining in power as both
head of state (with the title "President") and head of government (titled "Prime Minister"). President
Marcos also manipulated elections and had his political coalitionthe Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL;
English: New Society Movement)control the unicameral legislature he created, known as the Batasang
Pambansa.
President Marcos formally lifted Martial Law on 17 January 1981, several weeks before the first pastoral
visit of Pope John Paul II to the Philippines for the beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz.

Kevin..

MARCOS' DEPARTURE

At 3:00 p.m. (EST) on Monday, President Marcos phoned United States Senator Paul Laxalt, asking for
advice from the White House. Laxalt advised him to "cut and cut clean", to which Marcos expressed his
disappointment after a short pause. In the afternoon, Marcos talked to Minister Enrile, asking for safe
passage for him, his family, and close allies such as General Ver.
At midnight PHT, the Marcos family boarded a United States Air Force HH-3E Rescue helicopters and
flew to Clark Air Base in Angeles City 83 kilometers north of Manila. The deposed First Family and their
servants then rode US Air Force DC-9 Medivac and C-141B planes to Andersen Air Force Base in the
north of the United States territory of Guam, then flying to Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii where Marcos
finally arrived on February 26.
When news of the Marcos family's departure reached civilians, many rejoiced and danced in the streets.
Over at Mendiola, the demonstrators stormed the Palace, which was closed to ordinary people for around
a decade. Despite looting by some angry protesters, the majority wandered about inside through rooms
where national history was shaped, looking at objects extravagant and mundane that the Marcos clan and
its court had abandoned in their flight.
In other countries, people also rejoiced and congratulated Filipinos they knew. CBS anchorman Bob
Simon reported: We Americans like to think we taught the Filipinos democracy. Well, tonight they are
teaching the world.

Matias

EVENTS

Appalled by the bold and apparent election irregularities, the Reform the Armed Forces Movement set into
motion a coup attempt against Marcos. The initial plan was for a team to assault Malacaan Palace and
arrest Ferdinand Marcos. Other military units would take over key strategic facilities, such as the airport,
military bases, TV and radio stations, the GHQAFP in Camp Aguinaldo, and major highway junctions to
restrict counteroffensive by Marcos-loyal troops.
Lt. Col. Gregorio Honasan was to lead the team that was going to assault Malacaan Palace.

However, after Marcos learned about the plot, he ordered their leaders' arrest, and presented to the
international and local press some of the captured plotters, Maj. Saulito Aromin and Maj. Edgardo
Doromal. Threatened with their impending imprisonment, Enrile and his fellow coup plotters decided to
ask for help from then AFP Vice Chief of Staff Lt. Gen Fidel Ramos, who was also the chief of the
Philippine Constabulary (now the Philippine National Police). Ramos agreed to resign from his position
and support the plotters. Enrile also contacted the highly influential Cardinal Archbishop of Manila Jaime
Sin for his support.
At about 6:30 p.m. on 22 February, Enrile and Ramos held a press conference at Camp Aguinaldo, where
they announced that they had resigned from their positions in Marcos' cabinet and were withdrawing
support from his government. Marcos himself later conducted his own news conference calling on Enrile
and Ramos to surrender, urging them to "stop this stupidity."

Zapanta

SIN'S APPEAL

After Cardinal Vidal's condemnation of the snap election's fraudulent result, a message was aired over
Radio Veritas at around 9 p.m., Cardinal Sin exhorted Filipinos in the capital to aid rebel leaders by going

to the section of EDSA between Camp Crame and Aguinaldo and giving emotional support, food and
other supplies. For many this seemed an unwise decision since civilians would not stand a chance
against a dispersal by government troops. Many people, especially priests and nuns, still trooped to
EDSA.
Radio Veritas played a critical role during the mass uprising. Former University of the Philippines
president Francisco Nemenzo stated that: "Without Radio Veritas, it would have been difficult, if not
impossible, to mobilize millions of people in a matter of hours." Similarly, a certain account in the event
said that: "Radio Veritas, in fact, was our umbilical cord to whatever else was going on."

MORE DEFECTIONS

At dawn on Monday, February 24, the first serious encounter with government troops occurred. Marines
marching from Libis, in the east, lobbed tear gas at the demonstrators, who quickly dispersed. Some
3,000 Marines then entered and held the east side of Camp Aguinaldo.
Later, helicopters manned by the 15th Strike Wing of the Philippine Air Force, led by Colonel Antonio
Sotelo, were ordered from Sangley Point in Cavite (South of Manila) to head to Camp Crame. Secretly,
the squadron had already defected and instead of attacking Camp Crame, landed in it, with the crowds
cheering and hugging the pilots and crew members. A Bell 214 helicopter piloted by Major Deo Cruz of
the 205th Helicopter Wing and Sikorsky S-76 gunships piloted by Colonel Charles Hotchkiss of the 20th
Air Commando Squadron joined the rebel squadron earlier in the air. The presence of the helicopters
boosted the morale of Enrile and Ramos who had been continually encouraging their fellow soldiers to
join the opposition movement. In the afternoon, Aquino arrived at the base where Enrile, Ramos, RAM
officers and a throng were waiting.
Martial law was lifted by President Marcos on January 17, 1981. In the following years there was
the assassination of Ninoy Aquino in 1983, the Snap Elections of 1986 and the People Power
Revolution or EDSA Revolution in 1986 which led to Marcos, with the advice from the U.S. government,
left the country and Cory Aquino becoming president.

Bautista

RISING MASS SUPPORT

During the height of the revolution, an estimated three hundred to five hundred thousand people filled
EDSA from Ortigas Avenue all the way to Cubao. The photo above shows the area at the intersection of
EDSA and Boni Serrano Avenue, just between Camp Crame and Camp Aguinaldo. At dawn, Sunday,
government troops arrived to knock down the main transmitter of Radio Veritas, cutting off broadcasts to
people in the provinces. The station switched to a standby transmitter with a limited range of broadcast.
The station was targeted because it had proven to be a valuable communications tool for the people
supporting the rebels, keeping them informed of government troop movements and relaying requests for
food, medicine, and supplies.
Still, people came to EDSA until it swelled to hundreds of thousands of unarmed civilians. The mood in
the street was actually very festive, with many bringing whole families. Performers entertained the crowds,
nuns and priests led prayer vigils, and people set up barricades and makeshift sandbags, trees, and
vehicles in several places along EDSA and intersecting streets such as Santolan and Ortigas Avenue.
Everywhere, people listened to Radio Veritas on their radios. Several groups sang Bayan Ko (My
Homeland), which, since 1980, had become a patriotic anthem of the opposition. People frequently
flashed the 'LABAN' sign, which is an "L" formed with their thumb and index finger. 'Laban' is the Tagalog
word for 'fight', but also the abbreviation of Lakas ng Bayan, Ninoy Aquino's party.
After lunch on February 23, Enrile and Ramos decided to consolidate their positions. Enrile crossed
EDSA from Camp Aguinaldo to Camp Crame amidst cheers from the crowd.
In the mid-afternoon, Radio Veritas relayed reports of Marines massing near the camps in the east and
LVT-5 tanks approaching from the north and south. A contingent of Marines with tanks and armored vans,
led by Brigadier General Artemio Tadiar, was stopped along Ortigas Avenue, about two kilometers from
the camps, by tens of thousands of people. Nuns holding rosaries knelt in front of the tanks and men and
women linked arms together to block the troops. Tadiar asked the crowds to make a clearing for them, but
they did not budge. In the end, the troops retreated with no shots fired.

By evening, the standby transmitter of Radio Veritas failed. Shortly after midnight, the staff were able to go
to another station to begin broadcasting from a secret location under the moniker "Radyo Bandido"
(Outlaw Radio, which is now known as DZRJ-AM). June Keithley, with Angelo Castro, Jr., was the radio
broadcaster who continued Radio Veritas' program throughout the night and in the remaining days.

Concepcion..

GENERAL ORDERS OF MARTIAL LAW

General Order 1 - The President proclaimed that he shall direct the entire government, including all its
agencies and instrumentalities, and exercise all powers of his office including his role as the Commanderin-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
General Order 2 The President directed the Secretary of National Defense to arrest or cause the
arrest and take into his custody the individuals named in the attached list and to hold them until otherwise
so ordered by the President or by his duly designated representative, as well as to arrest or cause the
arrest and take into his custody and to hold them otherwise ordered released by him or by his duly
authorized representative such persons who may have committed crimes described in the Order.
General Order 3 The President ordered that all executive departments, bureaus, offices, agencies
and instrumentalities of the National Government, government owned or controlled corporations, as well
all governments of all the provinces, cities, municipalities and barrios should continue to function under
their present officers and employees, until otherwise ordered by the President or by his duly designated
representatives. The President further ordered that the Judiciary should continue to function in
accordance with its present organization and personnel, and should try to decide in accordance with
existing laws all criminal and civil cases, except certain cases enumerated in the Order.
General Order 4 The President ordered that a curfew be maintained and enforced throughout the
Philippines from twelve oclock midnight until four oclock in the morning.

General Order 5 All rallies, demonstrations and other forms of group actions including strikes and
picketing in vital industries such as in companies engaged in manufacture or processing as well as in
production or processing of essential commodities or products for exports, and in companies engaged in
banking of any kind, as well as in hospitals and in schools and colleges are prohibited.
General Order 6 No person shall keep, possess or carry outside of his residence any firearm unless
such person is duly authorized to keep, possess or carry any such firearm except to those who are being
sent abroad in the service of the Philippines.

Orozco..

MEANING

Martial law is the imposition of the highest-ranking military officer as the military governor or as
the head of the government, thus removing all power from the previous executive, legislative,
and judicial branches of government. It is usually imposed temporarily when the government or
civilian authorities fail to function effectively (e.g., maintain order and security, or provide
essential services). Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public.
Such incidents may occur after a coup d'tat (such as Thailand in 2006 and 2014); when
threatened by popular protest (China, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989); to suppress political
opposition (Poland in 1981); or to stabilize insurrections or perceived insurrections (Canada,
The October Crisis of 1970). Martial law may be declared in cases of major natural disasters;
however, most countries use a different legal construct, such as a state of emergency.

REASONS WHY MARCOS DECLARED MARTIAL LAW


In 1969 Marcos became the first Philippine president to win a second term. However, not all
Filipinos were happy with his presidency, and the month following his reelection included the
most violent public demonstrations in the history of the country. Three years later, facing growing
student protest and a crumbling economy, Marcos declared martial law, a state of emergency in
which military authorities are given extraordinary powers to maintain order. Marcos's excuse for
declaring martial law was the growing revolutionary movement of the Communist New People's
Army, which opposed his government. During the next nine years of martial law, Marcos tripled
the armed forces to some two hundred thousand troops, guaranteeing his grip on government.
When martial law was lifted in 1981, he kept all the power he had been granted under martial
law to himself. Meanwhile the economy continued to crumble while Ferdinand and Imelda
Marcos became one of the richest couples in the world. As Marcos's health began to fail and
U.S. support for him lessened, opposition to Marcos grew in the Philippine middle class.

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