The Industrial Revolution - Phase One (1750-1850) ‘Amajor change in the way people live, work, and think began about 250 years ago, and in many ways is stil going on today. This change, which Is termed the Industrial Revolution, involved the replacement on a massive scale of human and animal power with power from machines. It brought factory production and mass production of standardized items by machine that made manufactured goods cheap and abundant for the first fime. It brought the hamessing of new energy sources from steam and later electricity. Transportation and communication improved immensely and constant change and material progress became a fact of life. Industies grew with self generating momentum as each new invention or new technological advance brought _yet another new invention or advance as the pace of industrialization quickened. invention - Innovation - Why England? ‘The Industrial Revolution began in England about 1750 because conditions there were right for change 4. Capital & Investment - After 1600, the British economy became the most highly developed in all of Europe, and Britain was the leader in manufacturing & trade. Capital for investment in new industry was ‘abundant, and banking and investment were highly developed. 2. Transportation - Britain had relatively good roads and many canals for the cheap transport of raw materials and finished goods. More important, coastal and river trade was well developed, and all major population centers could be reached by cheap water-bome transportation. 3. Market Expansion - Rising demand for manufactured goods from the Colonies and overseas markets helped to expand the British economy. ‘4, Resource Endowment - Large deposits of coal and iron and an advanced metals industry. 5. Social Environment - An atmosphere conducive to innovation encouraged skilled scientists to ‘experiment with new methods and invent new machines. ‘As Britain became the world’s leading commercial and trading power, the demand for British manufactured goods increased tremendously, but the production methods of the time could not keep pace with the demand for goods. The stage was set for the introduction of new more efficient methods of production. TEXTILE INDUSTRY 1733 James Kay Flying Shuttle - a device that sped up the weaving process; a weaver could double the amount of cloth produced in a day. (increased demand for thread.) 1764 James Hargreaves Spinning jenny - a device that could produce up to 24 threads at a time 1769 Richard Arkwright | Water Frame - a device that replaces human power with another power source. At first powered by a waterwheel, the water frame produced strong cotton threads on hundreds of spindles. NOTE: Since the new machines required water power, many of the early cotton mills were built on the swift flowing streams in the North & West of England. These were the world's first modem factories, and the factory system soon became the dominant way of working, replacing the domestic system. 1779 Samuel Crompton Mule - Edmund Cartwright Power loom - mechanized and sped up the weaving process STEAM POWER 1698 Thomas Savery _steam engine - the “fre engine” . 14712 Thomas Newcomen steam engine (first commercially successful engine) used to pump water out ‘of deep coal mines. This engine used a lot of fuel - not efficient. ‘steam engine condensor - major efficiency improvement. By the 1780's, ‘steam power is replacing water power as the chief source of power in manufacturing. high pressure steam engine - engines capable of thirty pounds of pressure 1765 James Watt 1800's Richard Trevithick