Atom:

The smallest particle of matter which may or may not have free existence is called atom,
For example hydrogen element is composed of H atoms which dont have free existence.
Similarly Helium element is composed of He atoms which have free existence.
Elements:
Element is a pure substance, which is composed of chemically identical atoms.
Compound:
When atoms of two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio, a new substance is
formed. Which is known as compound.
For example when two atoms of hydrogen element chemically combine with one atom of
oxygen element, a compound, water (H 2O) is formed in which the atoms are combined in 2:1
Molecule:
The smallest particle of a substance which is capable of free existence is known as molecule.
e.g.; H2O, HU, H2, O2 etc.
Classification of Molecules:
Molecules can be classified in two ways as:
1. On the basis of nature of elements:
On the basis of nature of elements, there are two types of molecule
a. Molecule of Elements:
The molecules which are made of atoms of same elements.
e.g.: H2, O2, O3, S8, P4, N2, U2 etc.
b. Molecule of Compound:
The molecules which are made of atoms of different elements.
e.g.: H2O, HU, H2
SO4, C6H12 06 etc.
2. On the basis of number of atoms.
On the basis of no. of atoms there are three types of molecules, which are described as
follow.
a. Mono-atomic molecules:
The molecules which are made of only one atom are called mono-atomic molecules.
e.g.; He, Ne, Xe etc.
b. Diatomic molecules:
The molecules which are made of only two atoms (same or different).
e.g.; H2, N2, CO, HU, U2 etc.
C. Poly atomic molecules:
The molecules which are made of more than two atoms are called ply atomic atoms are called
ply atomic molecules.
e.g.; H2O, H2 SO4, C6 H12O6, CH4, NH3 etc.
ATOMIC NUMBER:
The no of protons or electrons present in an atom is called atomic number of that element.
For example there are 11 protons and 11 electrons in an atom of sodium element, therefore
atomic mass of sodium is 11.
ATOMIC MASS OR MASS NO:
Sum of the protons and neutrons present in the nucleus of an atom is called the atomic mass
of that atom.
e. g
There are 11 protons ans 12 neutrons in the nucleus of Na atom, therefore the atomic
mass of Na will be:

11 + 12 ======= 23 a. m. u