COURSEOUTLINE

Division algorithm, Euclids algorithm, linear Diophantine equations, prime numbers, fundamental theorem of
arithmetic,distributionofprimes,FermatandMersenneprimes,primalitytestingandfactorization.
Modular arithmetic, linear congruences, Chinese Remainder Theorem, arithmetic modulo p, pseudoprimes and
Carmichaelnumbers,Eulerfunction,RSAcryptography,groupofunitsmoduloaninteger,primitiveroots.
Quadraticresidues,Legendresymbol,Gausslemma,quadraticreciprocity.
Binaryquadraticforms,equivalentforms,discriminant,positivedeniteforms,representationofanumberbyaform,
reductionofpositivedeniteforms,reducedforms,classnumber,sumoftwoandfoursquares.
Continuedfractions,Convergents,Periodiccontinuedfractionsandquadraticirrationals,Pellsequation.
Arithmeticfunctions,Convolution,Mobiusinversionformula.
RiemannZetafunction,Applicationstoprimenumbers,DirichletLfuctions,Eulerproduct.

COURSEDETAIL
Module1:DivisibilityandPrimes
Lecture1

Divisionalgorithm,Euclidsalgorithmforthegreatestcommon
divisor.

Lecture2

LinearDiophantineequations.

Lecture3

Primenumbers,fundamentaltheoremofarithmetic,innitudeof
primes.

Lecture4

Distributionofprimes,twinprimes,Goldbachconjecture.

Lecture5

FermatandMersenneprimes.

Lecture6

Primalitytestingandfactorization.

Module2:Congruences
Lecture7

Modulararithmetic.

Lecture8

Linearcongruences.

Lecture9

Simultaneouslinearcongruences,ChineseRemainderTheorem.

Lecture10

AnextensionofChineseRemainderTheorem(withnoncoprime
moduli).

Module3:CongruenceswithaPrimePowerModulus
Lecture11

Arithmeticmodulop,Fermatsliletheorem,Wilsonstheorem.

Lecture12

PseudoprimesandCarmichaelnumbers.

Lecture13

Solvingcongruencesmoduloprimepowers.

Module4:EulersFunctionandRSACryptosystem
Lecture14

DenitionofEulerfunction,examplesandproperties.

Lecture15

MultiplicativepropertyofEulersfunction.

Lecture16

RSAcryptography.

Module5:UnitsModuloanInteger

Lecture17

Thegroupofunitsmoduloaninteger,primitiveroots.

Lecture18

Existenceofprimitiveroots.

Module6:QuadraticResiduesandQuadraticForms
Lecture19

Quadraticresidues,Legendresymbol,Eulerscriterion.

Lecture20

Gausslemma,lawofquadraticreciprocity.

Lecture21

Quadraticresiduesforprimepowermoduliandarbitrary
moduli.

Lecture22

Binaryquadraticforms,equivalentforms.

Lecture23

Discriminant,principalforms,positivedeniteforms,indenite
forms.

Lecture24

Representationofanumberbyaform,examples.

Lecture25

Reductionofpositivedeniteforms,reducedforms.

Lecture26

Numberofproperrepresentations,automorph,classnumber.

Module7:SumofPowers
Lecture27

Sumoftwosquares,sumofthreesquares,Waringsproblem.

Lecture28

Sumoffoursquares.

Lecture29

FermatsLastTheorem.

Module8:ContinuedFractionsandPellsEquation
Lecture30

Finitecontinuedfractions,recurrencerelation,Eulersrule.

Lecture31

Convergents,innitecontinuedfractions,representationof
irrationalnumbers.

Lecture32

Periodiccontinuedfractionsandquadraticirrationals.

Lecture33

SolutionofPellsequationbycontinuedfractions.

Module9:ArithmeticFunctions
Lecture34

Denitionandexamples,multiplicativefunctionsandtheir
properties.

Lecture35

Perfectnumbers,Mobiusfunctionanditsproperties.

Lecture36

Mobiusinversionformula.

Lecture37

Convolutionofarithmeticfunctions.

Module10:TheRiemannZetaFunctionandDirichletLFunction
Lecture38

HistoricalbackgroundfortheRiemannZetafunction,Euler
productformula,convergence.

Lecture39

Applicationstoprimenumbers.

Lecture40

DirichletLfunctions,ProductsoftwoDirichletLfunctions,
Eulerproductformula.