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Frankl
clients who suffer from phobias and obsessivecompulsive disorder (Guttmann, 1996).
Dereflection
Frankl (1986) developed de-reflection to counteract
hyperintention (trying too hard) and hyper-reflection
(thinking too hard). Examples of hyperintention
include trying very hard to fall asleep, excessively
pursuing pleasure, happiness, or power. Addiction is
a form of hyperintention.
Hyper-reflection involves excessively monitoring
ones performance, and becoming very anxious
about failure. Hyper-reflection may turn everyday
minor problem into catastrophes, and small obstacles
into insurmountable hurdles.
This technique is built upon the human capacity for
self-distancing and self-transcendence. Clients are
asked to redirect their attention away from their
problems to more positive aspects of their lives. For
example, instead of worrying about not being able to
fall asleep, the client is asked to use the time to read
a book or watch TV.
Typically, the first step is to help clients to put some
distance between themselves and their symptoms.
Then, they are invited to use their defiant power of
the human spirit to transcend their present conditions
and move towards positive activities. This will result
in a reduction of the symptom.
Fabry (1994) points that by immersing ourselves in
work or by choosing the right attitude, we can
transcend not only external conditions but also
ourselves. The goal of de-reflection is to help clients
transcend themselves and move towards creative
and experiential values.
Modification of attitudes
It is used for noogenic neuroses, depression and
addiction by promoting the will to meaning. It can also
be used in coping with suffering related to
Reference
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