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09/09/2015
Plant cells AND animal cells have mitochondria because they need to
utilize stored sugar
Nuclear porespores in between the 2 phospholipid bilayers in the
nuclear envelope
Cytosolactual fluid that occupies the actual space that is the
cytoplasm
Lysosomes bind to vesicles that have been through phagocytosis
Cytoplasmspace inside the cell
Cytosol-liquid that fills up the cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton-protein network inside the cytoplasm
Vesicles can be used for transport between members of the
endomembrane system
3 destination sequences: none, amino-terminal, internal
2 variations in signaling:
signal to be synthesized in the lumen (space between the folds in
the ER)
Hydrophobic tails in intermembrane spaceso proteins affiliate with
the hydrophobic tails so it can dissolve in the intermembrane space
Mitochondriaconducts respiratory reactions. Vesicles are sent here so
they can be incorporated into the membrane of the mitochondria
Chloroplastsinstead of an internal membrane like mitochondria, they
have thylakoids
L + D amino acids
Enantiomers of each other
H
H
|
|
HNCCOOH
HOOCCNH
|
|
R
R
Glycine is the one amino acid that cant be left or right-handed because
its R group is an H. In order to be an enantiomer, it has to have 4 different
substitutes. Glycine has only 3.
Start codon moves to E site, tRNA moves to P site, and another tRNA
comes through the A site
Stop codonrelease factors bind to A site
Fig. 4.18***