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p-ISBN: 97925-2784
November 21st, 2013, Semarang, Indonesia
Sunyoto
Mechanical Engineering
Semarang State University
Semarang, Indonesia
sonyoto@yahoo.com
I. INTRODUCTION
Pressure Cooker is a cookware that utilizing hot steam
for cooking food. The pressure cooker which made by
Unnes has been applied by small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) of soft spines milkfish in Central Java.
The SMEs of soft spines milkfish needs a pressure cooker
that produces high quality, safe, and energy efficient. The
pressure cooker which made by Unnes has several
advantages over existing pressure cooker, among others:
higher productivity (big capacity), efficient of time, low
energy and low cost of production needed [1]. The
research about the quality of the production pressure
cooker based on parameters of temperature and pressure,
show that pressure cooker is capable of producing soft
spines milkfish with relative higher protein levels than the
pressure cooking process conducted by another
entrepreneurs [2]. Working system of a pressure cooker
similarly with pressure vessel, so in designing a pressure
cooker based on ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
section VIII. The design method of pressure cooker
according to ASME (American Society of Mechanical
Engineers) code as known as "design by rule" uses design
pressure, allowable stress and a design formula
compatible with the geometry to calculate the minimum
eic.ft.unnes.ac.id
the
circumferential
and
longitudinal
PR
, when t 0.5RorP 0.385SE
SE 0.6 P
(1)
29 Psix9.84in
0.03 in = 0.76 mm
11200 Psix0.85 0.6 x 29 Psi
(a)
0.03 in = 0.76 mm
2 x11200 Psix0.85 0.2 x 29 Psi
(b)
Figure 1. Detail drawing of pressure cooker (a) shell with end cap
support (b) elliptical head.
3. Gasket
A gasket is used to create a seal between mating
surfaces of machines or piping assemblies. The seal is
necessary to prevent leakage of gas, liquid, or dust into or
out of these assemblies [7]. When a gasket is clamped
between the mating surfaces of a joint it must deform
enough to compensate for the imperfections in the finish
of the mating surfaces. The clamping pressure applied to
these joints does not create enough distortion in the
flanges to effect a seal, so a gasket, placed between these
eic.ft.unnes.ac.id
(a)
(b)
k BT .D.B.dr.d .
(3)
FS
Sallow
ap
(4)
eic.ft.unnes.ac.id
TABLE I.
Material Properties
Material
Young's modulus (N/m2)
Poisson's ratio
Density (kg/m3)
Coef. of thermal expansion
K
Yield strength (N/m2)
Shells
SA 240
Grade 304
1.93e+011
0.29
8030
Head
SA 240
Grade 304
1.93e+011
0.29
8030
Gasket
Natural
Rubber
2e+006
0.49
910
9.4e-006
9.4e-006
1.62e-004
2.05e+008
2.05e+008
Magnitude
2e+005 N/m2 (2 bar)
300 N (30 kg)
373.15 K (100 C)
950 N (95 kg)
III. RESULTS
The pressure cooker being designed ASME section
VIII. From the formula in ASME section VIII can decide
minimum thickness of wall thick cylinder sell through Eq.
1. Geometry of elliptical head obtained from Eq. 2. The
formula based on design pressure. Minimum thickness of
pressure cooker is 0.76 mm. Pressure cooker capacity 30
kg has a geometry in 500 mm diameter, total high of 900
mm.
A. FEA Results of Pressure Cooker with Gasket No Load
300N and No Temperature Applied
FEA results of pressure cooker in variety thickness
with gasket where the applied load is 2e+005 N/m2 of
internal pressure, 950 N of mass, without application of
temperature and content load shown in the table III.
TABLE III. FEA RESULTS OF PRESSURE COOKER IN VARIETY
THICKNESS WITH GASKET, NO LOAD 300N AND NO TEMPERATURE
APPLIED
No
1
2
3
Figure 4. The von mises stress of 5mm thickness pressure cooker with
gasket
Fs
2.05e 008N / m2
1.04
1.97e 008N / m2
Thickness of Shell
and Head (mm)
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Diplacement (mm)
4.65
4.64
4.63
4.62
4.55
No
1
2
3
4
Temperature (C)
100
80
60
0
eic.ft.unnes.ac.id
A. Summary
Design of pressure cooker capacity of 30 kg soft
spines milkfish based on ASME using CATIA V5.
Pressure cooker has a geometry in 500 mm diameter, total
high of 900 mm. Evaluation results using FEA CATIA V5
show 5 mm on thickness is the minimum thickness
acceptable from acceptance criteria where von mises
stress (1.97e+008 N/m2) is less than allowable strength
material SA 240 Grade 304 (2.05e+008 N/m2). FEA result
shown the smallest deformation is 4,55 mm at 5 mm wall
thickness are assembled with rubber gasket, when a
rubber gasket removed, displacement generated only by
0.9 mm. The pressure cooker design has been analyzed in
several thickness acceptable in term of safe design
(acceptance criteria), so design of 5 mm thickness of
pressure cooker can be safe to use. The 5 mm thickness of
the pressure cooker is the most economically wall
thickness.
B. Advice
The minimum thickness of pressure cooker design that
safe to use is 5 mm with SF 1.04, if we want to get a
greater factor of safety (FS), we can use a thickness
greater than 5 mm.
REFERENCES
Sunyoto, Uji Kualitas Bandeng Presto dengan Alat Low
Temperatur High Pressure Cooker, in Jurnal Sain dan Teknologi.
vol. 8 no. 20, 2010.
[2] Suminto, Survey lapangan Kajian Standar Nasional Indonesia
Produk Unggulan UKM Sektor Pangan, Activities Report Badan
Standar Nasional, 2012.
[3] F. Nabhani, T. Ladokun, and V. Askari, Reduction of Stresses
in Cylindrical Pressure Vessels Using Finite Element Analysis,
Finite Element AnalysisFrom Biomedical Applications to
Industrial Developments, Croatia, InTechopen, 2012), pp. 379-390
[4] D.G. Ullman, The Mechanical Design Process. New York:
McGraw Hill componies, 1984.
[5] P. Jurandir, ASME Section I & Section VIII Fundamental..
PDHonline Course M398 (3 PDH), 2012.
[6] Anonym. Food Equipment Materials. ANSI/NSF 511997.
USA:NSF International, 1997.
[7] G.
Ghanbari,
Pressure
Vessel
Design
Guides
&
Procedures.www.pv-book.com, 2011.
[8] N. Dwivedi and V. Kumar, Burst Pressure Prediction of Pressure
Vessel using FEA, International Journal of Engineering Research
& Technology. vol. 1 no7, 2012.
[9] C. Nagaraju, D.S. Sandeep, A. Kumar, and Mallikarjunarao,
Application of HTT for Beam Element. International Journal of
Engineering Science and Technology. Vol. 2(6), pp. 2051-2056.
[10] Finite element Analysis CATIA V5 tutorial. (DassaultSystemes,
2008).
[11] Material of properties, product data sheet 304/304L stainless steel.
www.aksteel.com
[1]