Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Term
Definition
Accin ofensiva
Acelerador
Ventilador, generalmente situado bajo el techo del tnel, que transmite un impulso al
aire del tnel.
acclrateur
Agente de
mantenimiento
Agente que forma
una pelicula aislante
Agente del organimo de explotacin del tnel encargado de las tareas especficas de
agent de maintenance
mantenimiento de las instalaciones tcnicas de los tneles.
Espuma que forma una pelicula delgada de agua sobre la superficie de lquidos en
combustin de forma que los gases voltiles combustibles no puedan escapar y
arder. Esta pelcula delgada de agua refrigera tambin la superficie de las materias
combustibles.
Alerta
alarme
alerte
hauteur de
construction
Evaluation Quantitative
des Risques (EQR)
Anlisis de escenarios
analyse de scnarios
Anlisis de la
seguridad
analyse de scurit
Anlisis de las
consecuencias
analyse des
consquences
Anlisis de riesgos
Uso sistemtico de la informacin disponible para identificar los peligros y estimar los
riesgos (ISO IEC 51).
Anlisis probabilstico
analyse de probabilit
analyseur de
monoxyde de carbone
Analizador de
monxido
de carbono
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ESPAOL
Term
Apartadero lateral
Definition
Espacio a lo largo de la calzada que permite paradas de urgencia sin ocupar la
calzada misma.
Ataque inicial
Auto rescate
Acciones de los usuarios del tnel para abandonar una zona o situacin peligrosa sin
ayuda profesional (de bomberos o de personal de rescate, por ejemplo).
Bifurcacin
BLEVE
Boca (portal)
Boquilla de aspiracin
Bsqueda
Bsqueda y rescate
Coeficiente de
extincin (del humo)
Coeficiente de
transmisin
Comportamiento
basado en la
experiencia
Terme
Emplacement d'arrt
d'urgence (garage)
attaque initiale
auto-sauvetage (syn.
auto-vacuation)
bifurcation
BLEVE
Apertura de un conducto de ventilacin que aspira aire viciado, humo y/o gases
calientes del tnel y/o de las galeras de evacuacin.
Conjunto de acciones para localizar a las vctimas en peligro.
Proceso de bsqueda de vctimas en un tnel y de su evacuacin a un lugar seguro.
Camino de escape
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bouche d'aspiration
recherche
recherche et
sauvetage
chane des secours
chemin d'vacuation
(syn. parcours
d'vacuation)
coefficient d'extinction
(par la fume)
coefficient de
transmission
Comportement
reposant sur les
comptences (syn.
comportement
sensorimoteur)
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ESPAOL
Term
Comportamiento
basado en las reglas
Definition
Terme
comportement
reposant sur les rgles
2.
Conducto de aire
fresco
Conducto de
extraccin
Conducto destinado a la extraccin del aire viciado y/o de los humos del tnel.
gaine d'extraction
Conducto secundario
carneau
Consecuencia
consquence
Criterios de riesgo
Curva FN
critres de risque
Courbe FN
prjudice
Deteccin
dtection
Efecto de
"agujero negro"
Efecto debido a un ambiente muy luminoso que hace aparecer la boca del tnel
como un agujero negro.
Dao
Efecto pistn
Ejecucin de la
reaccin (accin)
Entrada de aire
Fuerza producida por el movimento de los vehculos sobre el aire del tnel.
Ejecucin de la decisin (que no tiene siempre que ser consciente).
Apertura de un conducto de ventilacin que insufla aire fresco en el tnel o en las
galeras de evacuacin.
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effet de pistonnement
slection de la raction
(traitement de la
raction)
bouche de soufflage
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ESPAOL
Term
Equipos de
intervencin
Estimacin de la
seguridad
Definition
Equipos enviados directamente al lugar del accidente o fuego para contener o
suprimir sus efectos. Los equipos de intervencin son generalmente los bomberos,
los equipos mdicos (para los heridos) y la polica.
Proceso global incluyendo un anlisis y una evaluacin de riesgos.
Estimacin de riesgos
Estratificacin inversa
Movimiento del humo y de los gases calientes en sentido contratio al impuesto por la
ventilacin.
Evaluacin de la
seguridad
Evaluacin de riesgos Proceso conjunto que incluye un anlisis y una evaluacin de riesgos (ISO IEC 51).
Evaluacin de riesgos
apprciation de la
scurit
estimation des risques
retour de fume
stratifie
valuation de la
scurit
apprciation des
risques
valuation des risques
exploitant de tunnel
Factores humanos
facteurs humains
Falso techo
Techo para establecer uno o varios conductos tcnicos sobre el glibo del trfico.
Frecuencia
Galera de cambio de
Galera transversal que permite a los vehculos dar media vuelta.
sentido
Galera de
comunicacin
Galera de escape
faux plafond
frquence
galerie de
retournement
galerie de
communication
(syn. communication
inter-tube, by-pass)
galerie d'vacuation
(syn. galerie de
secours)
Galera de
reconocimiento
Galera excavada antes del final del proyecto de un tnel para obtener informacion
sobre el terreno, su comportamiento y las caractersticas del agua subterrnea.
galerie de
reconnaissance
Glibo lateral
revanche latrale
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ESPAOL
Term
Glibo libre
Definition
hauteur libre
Glibo mnimo
Altura (en parada) del vehculo ms alto autorizado para circular en el tnel mas una
tolerancia cinemtica vertical para tener en cuenta sus movimientos en marcha.
Gestin de la
seguridad
Proceso sistemtico llevado a cabo por la organizacin que gestiona el tnel para
alcanzar, y mantener, un nivel adecuado de seguridad.
gestion de la scurit
Gestin de riesgos
Hastial
Hidrante
gestion du risque
gestionnaire de tunnel
pidroit
appareil d'incendie
(syn. poteau
d'incendie, bouche
d'incendie)
Identificacin de
peligros
identification des
dangers
Incendio de proyecto
incendie de
dimensionnement
Incidente
[pas d'quivalent
franais]
Instalacin de agua
nebulizada
Sistema fijo de lucha contra incendios a alta presin que expulsa pequeas gotas de
agua con una gran cantidad de movimiento.
installation brouillard
d'eau
Nicho de seguridad
Nicho en la pared del tnel que contiene equipamientos de seguridad para ser
utilizados por los usuarios del tnel.
Nicho para
emergencias
Nicho en la pared de un tnel que contiene equipamientos para ser utilizados por los
servicios de socorrro.
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niche de scurit
niche incendie
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ESPAOL
Term
Definition
Terme
Oficial de enlace
agent de liaison
Opacmetro
(transmisiometro)
opacimtre
quipe d'exploitation
d'un tunnel
Organizacin de
bsqueda y rescate
organisation de
recherche et de
secours (syn. chane
des secours)
Paralumen
paralume
Peligro
Percepcin
danger
Percepcin de riesgos Forma en la que se percibe el riesgo, en base a un conjunto de valores o de temores.
Peresonal de
explotacin
perception
perception du risque
personnel
dexploitation
Personal de control
Todo el personal dedicado a la gestin del trfico y/o de las instalaciones tcnicas.
personnel charg du
contrle
Personal de
mantenimiento
personnel de
maintenance
Personal de primera
intervencin
Todos los empleados encargados de asegurar la seguridad de los usuarios afectados personnel de premire
por un incidente.
intervention
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ESPAOL
Term
Definition
Terme
Plan de emergencia
(general)
plan de secours
[gnral]
Plan de socorro de
urgencia
plan de secours
durgence
Plan previo
Planificacin de
emergencia
Planta de ventilacin
Potencia trmica de un Velocidad a la que un incendio genera energa trmica, expresada en Megavatios
incendio
(Mw).
Pozo de ventilacin
Excavacin o construccin entre un tnel y la superficie del terreno que se usa para
la extraccin de aire viciado y humo o para insuflar aire fresco al tnel.
plan dtablissement
plan d'intervention
usine/station de
ventilation
puissance thermique
dun incendie
puits de ventilation
Preparativos para
urgencias
Conjunto de las acciones de una entidad para poder reaccionar ante una urgencia de fprparation lurgence
Primer escaln de
intervencin
premier chelon
dintervention (syn.
attaque initiale)
Probabilidad
probabilit
Procedimientos
normalizados
Procesamiento
sensorial
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rfrentiel oprationnel
traitement sensoriel
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ESPAOL
Term
Definition
Elementos instalados para reducir el impacto del ruido y de la polucin del aire
Protecciones parciales producidos en la carretera, o para proteger la carretera de efectos exteriores, como
cadas de nieve o de rocas, viento, deslumbramiento por el sol, etc.
Puesto de control
Reaccin al fuego
raction au feu
Reduccin de riesgos
rduction du feu
Rejillas de ventilacin
baie de ventilation
Repuesta (sinnimo:
intervencin)
Responsable de la
explotacin
Revestimiento del
hastial
Elemento que constituye el acabado del hastial del tnel (incluyendo paneles
prefabricados, pintura o nada).
rponse (syn.
intervention)
responsable de
lexploitation
revtement de pidroit
Riesgo
risque
Riesgo individual
risque individuel
Riesgo residual
Riesgo social
Riesgo tolerable
risque rsiduel
risque socital
Riesgo aceptado en un contexto dado en base a los valores de la sociedad (ISO IEC
51).
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risque acceptable
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ESPAOL
Term
Salida de socorro
Salvamento
Segundo escaln de
intervencin
Seguridad
Definition
Salida que conduce a (por) un itinerario protegido o a un lugar seguro.
seal de indicacin de Seal especfica (flecha o cruz) sobre un panel ereo (tipo prtico) que indica el
carril
estado (abierto o cerrado de un carril de circulacin
Servicio de ayuda
Servicio de socorro
Sistema "tnel"
Sistema de agua
nebulizada
sauvetage
second chelon
dintervention
scurit
signal d'affectation de
voie
service d'assistance
(syn.organisation
dassistance)
services de secours
systme tunnel
systme de mousse
air comprim
Sistemas de "diluvio"
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ESPAOL
Term
Situacin crtica
Definition
Situacin en un tnel que require una atencin o una accin especfica por parte de
los usuarios (congestin, vehculo averiado, accidente, incendio).
Las condiciones del trfico son tales que no es necesaria ninguna informacin ni
advertencia a los viajeros.
Ocurrencia, o cambio, de una serie especfica de circunstancias.
Tolerancia vertical
Tnel
Distancia vertical entre la altura libre y la altura libre mnima, necesaria para tener en
cuenta los errores de nivelacin de la construccin, los refuerzos futuros eventuales
del pavimento, la proteccin de los equipos, etc.
Tramo de carretera largo y cubierto.
Tnel de glibo
reducido
Tunel sumergido
Tnel construido con elementos prefabricados en otra parte (por ej. un dique seco).
Los elementos se transportan flotando, se sumergen y se ajustan en una zanja
preparada previamente en el fondo del lecho del ro o del brazo de mar a franquear.
Urgencia
Usuario del tnel
Suceso inesperado y repentino que requiere una accin inmediata debido a los
daos a la salud humana, a las cosas o al medio ambiente.
Conductor o pasajero de un vehculo en un tnel.
Valor esperado
Representacin numrica caracterstica del riesgo social como la suma de las
(sinnimo: esperanza frecuencias/probabilidades de cada evento o escenario multiplicadas por sus
matemtica)
correspondientes consecuencias
situation normale de
circulation
vnement
attaque du feu
dfensive
revanche verticale
tunnel
tunnel gabarit rduit
tunnel immerg
urgence
usager de tunnel
esprance
Velocidad crtica
Velocidad mnima, del flujo de aire en direccin al incendio en un tnel o una galera,
que impide el retroceso del humo.
Velocidad de
crecimiento de la
potencia trmica
taux de croissance de
la puissance thermique
Ventilacin longitudinal
ventilation
longitudinale
Ventilacion natural
Corriente de aire creada en un tnel por las condiciones exteriores como viento, y
diferencias de presin atmosfrica, y de altura entre las bocas.
ventilation naturelle
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vitesse critique
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ESPAOL
Term
Ventilacin
semitransversal
Ventilacin transversal
Definition
Sistema de ventilacin con capacidad para insuflar aire fresco en un tnel, o para
extraer aire viciado, uniformemente en toda la longitud de un tnel.
Sistema de ventilacin en el que la aportacin de aire fresco y la extraccin de aire
viciado, humos y gases calientes, puede realizarse en la misma seccin del tnel.
Zona de entrada (para Zona a la entrada del tnel en la que, durante el da, los niveles de iluminacin estn
iluminacin)
reforzados (y decrecen progresivamente hacia el interior).
Zona fuera de la
calzada
Zona interior
(iluminacin)
Zona comprendida entre las marcas de borde de la calzada y el hastial del tnel
(incluye la marca lateral de la calzada y la acera).
Zona situada a tal distancia de la entrada cuyos niveles requeridos de iluminacin
son independientes de la luz en el exterior del tnel (durante el da).
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ventilation transversale
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Definition
Advance into the burning facility by fire-fighters with hose lines or other extinguishing
agents with the intention of extinguishing the fire by direct contact.
Ventilateur, gnralement install sous le plafond d'un tunnel, qui transmet une
quantit de mouvement l'air.
Fan, generally installed under a tunnel ceiling, which transmits momentum to the air.
Foam that makes a thin water film over burning liquids so that flammable volatile
aqueous film-forming
materials cannot escape and burn.
foam
Note: this thin water film also cools the surface of fuels.
alarm
alert
construction headroom Height between top of pavement and roof (or vault), including maintained headroom,
(syn. clearance)
construction allowances and equipment clearances.
Quantitative Risk
Analysis
(QRA)
scenario analysis
The analysis of the consequences of a wide range of accidents that may occur in a
tunnel.
safety analysis
The systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the
safety level.
risk analysis
probability analysis
carbon monoxide
meter
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The systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the
risk (ISO IEC 51).
Systematic procedure for describing and/or calculating the probability of a future
event.
Device that measures the concentration of CO in the air.
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Definition
lay-by
Short space by the side of the carriageway allowing a vehicle to stop without blocking
the road.
Initial attack
self-rescue (syn. self- Tunnel users leaving a hazardous area or dangerous situation without any
evacuation)
professional help (from fire-fighters, rescue personnel, etc.).
bifurcation
boiling liquid
expanding vapour
explosion (abbr.
BLEVE)
portal
air outlet
search
The process of searching a tunnel for victims and extricating the victims from the
tunnel.
chain of response
Specially marked route for emergency use, which directly and safely leads into the
open or to a safe shelter.
extinction coefficient
(by smoke)
Coefficient (in m-1) measuring the reduction of light intensity across a unit distance
due to smoke obscuration.
transmission factor
Dimensionless factor expressing the loss of intensity of a light beam after having
travelled through a medium that has been rendered semi-transparent by smoke.
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Definition
Conduit destin l'vacuation de l'air vici et/ou des fumes d'un tunnel.
exhaust duct
Conduit dans la paroi d'un tunnel destin amener l'air frais depuis une gaine de
ventilation en vote jusqu'au niveau de la chausse.
Rsultat dun vnement en termes datteinte la sant des personnes, aux biens ou
lenvironnement.
Elments de rfrence vis--vis lesquels les rsultats de lanalyse des risques
doivent tre valus.
Remarque les critres sont gnralement bass sur lexprience et/ou des
connaissances thoriques, et sont utiliss comme base pour la dcision concernant
le niveau de risque acceptable.
Reprsentation usuelle d'un risque socital sous la forme d'un graphique dont
lordonne reprsente la frquence cumule de N ou plus units de consquence (p.
ex. dcs) et dont labscisse reprsente la consquence correspondante.
secondary duct
consequence
risk criteria
FN curve
harm
Small duct in the lining of a tunnel aimed at bringing fresh air from a ventilation duct
at the ceiling to the level of the carriageway.
The outcome of an event in terms of damage to the health of people, to property or to
the environment.
Reference points against which the results of the risk analysis are to be assessed.
Note: the criteria are generally based on experience and/or theoretical knowledge
and are used as a basis of the decision on tolerable risk.
A typical representation of societal risk as a graph with the ordinate representing the
cumulative frequency distribution of N or more units of consequence (e.g. fatalities)
and the abscissa representing the corresponding consequence.
detection
Effect due to the bright environment that makes the comparatively darker tunnel
entrance appear as a black hole.
Force applique sur l'air dans un tunnel, induite par des vhicules en mouvement.
Choix de la meilleure raction, bien que ce ne soit pas ncessairement un processus
conscient.
Ouverture ou vent travers laquelle (lequel) l'air frais est inject dans un tunnel
et/ou dans les chemins d'vacuation.
piston effect
response selection
(syn. response
processing)
air inlet
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Dfinition
Term
response team
safety assessment
Definition
Team sent to the spot of the incident or fire and directly involved in the containment
and suppression.
Note: response teams generally depend on fire-fighters (fire), medics (injured) and
police.
Overall process comprising a safety analysis and a safety evaluation.
Procdure didentification des valeurs de risque base sur lanalyse des probabilits
et lanalyse des consquences.
risk estimation
The process of derivation of risk values based upon probability and consequence
analysis.
backlayering
The movement of smoke and hot gases opposite to the imposed direction of airflow.
safety evaluation
Procdure globale comprenant une analyse des risques et une valuation des
risques (ISO IEC 51).
risk assessment
Overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation (ISO IEC 51).
Procdure base sur lanalyse des risques visant dterminer si le niveau de risque
tolrable est atteint (ISO IEC 51).
Entit responsable de lexploitation d'un tunnel.
Remarque: ce peut tre le matre douvrage, un oprateur de tunnel, un
concessionnaire ou un sous-traitant du matre douvrage.
risk evaluation
Procedure based on risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been
achieved (ISO IEC 51).
human factors
false ceiling
Abilities and limitations that refer to physical, cognitive and psychological processes,
dealing with people's perception, information processing, motivation, decision-making
and action.
Ceiling aimed to create one or more service ducts above the traffic space.
Nombre de fois quun vnement donn se produit dans un laps de temps dfini (p.
ex. nombre daccidents par an).
frequency
The number of times a specified event occurs within a specified interval (e.g.
accidents per year).
turning bay
Galerie permettant la liaison entre tubes l'intention des pitons et/ou des vhicules.
evacuation gallery
Galerie excute avant la mise au point dfinitive d'un projet de tunnel en vue de
recueillir des informations sur le terrain, son comportement et les conditions
hydrogologiques
exploratory adit
Tunnel driven before a tunnel design is finalized, to obtain information about the
ground, its behaviour and groundwater characteristics.
lateral clearance
Transverse distance between the wall or other obstacle and the edge of the
carriageway.
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Definition
Vertical distance between the highest point of the carriageway and the lowest point of
the vault (or of equipment under it), which shall be preserved at all times to ensure
passage of authorized traffic.
Notes:
maintained headroom
1. This comprises the minimum headroom plus a comfort margin.
2. The maintained headroom must be at least equal to the minimum headroom plus
the vertical clearance.
minimum headroom
Height of the highest authorized vehicle, when stopped, plus its kinematic envelope
to cope with vertical movements during travel.
Processus systmatique ralis par lorganisation de gestion d'un tunnel pour obtenir
et maintenir un niveau de scurit conforme.
safety management
risk management
tunnel manager
side wall
fire hydrant
hazard identification
design fire
incident
Systme fixe de lutte contre l'incendie haute pression qui propulse de trs petites
gouttelettes d'eau avec une forte quantit de mouvement.
Niche dans la paroi d'un tunnel, contenant des quipements de scurit destins
tre utiliss par les usagers du tunnel.
safety recess
Niche dans la paroi d'un tunnel, contenant des quipements destins tre utiliss
par les services de secours.
emergency services
recess
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Dfinition
Term
Definition
liaison officer
opacimeter
Employees of the tunnel-operating body in charge at a given time of all or part of the
operation of the tunnel.
Note: may be several persons with separate responsibilities, e.g., traffic operation
tunnel operational staff
and equipment operation. The tunnel operator may oversee only traffic management
(in this case he is the traffic operator and there is a separate technical operator) or
traffic and equipment management (he is the only tunnel operator).
hazard
Overall organization for the collective response from emergency services, agencies
and volunteer organizations to respond to an event, save lives and return to
normality.
Set of horizontal beams aimed to progressively decrease daylight before the
entrance of a tunnel, so as to reduce the black hole effect and limit the power of
artificial lighting in the entrance zone
Potential source of harm.
perception
Faon dont une partie concerne peroit un risque, sur la base dun ensemble de
valeurs ou de proccupations.
risk perception
The way in which a stakeholder views a risk, based on a set of values or concerns.
operating staff
Tous les agents concerns par la gestion du trafic et/ou des installations techniques.
control staff
Tous les agents chargs dentretenir les installations techniques d'un tunnel.
maintenance staff
Tous les agents chargs dassurer la protection des usagers impliqus dans un
incident.
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contingency plan
[general]
Definition
Plan that each service or agency and the tunnel operating body has and maintains
emergency operation
for responding appropriately to hazards.
plan
pre-incident plan
contingency planning The process of developing advanced arrangements and procedures that enable an
(syn. disaster recovery organization to effectively respond to an event that could occur (by chance or
planning)
unforeseen circumstances).
ventilation plant
fire heat release rate
ventilation shaft
Excavation or construction between a tunnel and the surface, used for the evacuation
of vitiated air and smoke and/or the intake of fresh air for ventilation.
emergency
preparedness
probability
standard operating
Standardized method or course of action that addresses any operation that can be
procedure (abbr. SOP) handled using a standard approach.
sensory processing
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The input of all environmental information that enter our senses (eyes, nose, ears,
etc.).
18 / 33
Dfinition
Term
Definition
partial enclosure
Enclosure provided to reduce the impact of the noise and air pollution from a road or
to protect the road from external effects such as snow- or rockfall (paravalanches
gallery), wind, bright sunlight, etc.
control centre
Operation centre dedicated to control and coordinate the operation of a tunnel and to
maintain, where required, communication between operating personnel and other
agencies concerned.
reaction to fire
risk reduction
fire suppression
louvre
Set of inclined horizontal slats admitting air and light into a tunnel and excluding the
ingress of rain.
response
The action of assessing the damage or impact and to ascertain the level of
containment and control activity required following an incident or emergency.
Notes:
1. In addition to addressing the matters of life safety and evacuation, response also
addresses the policies, procedures, and actions to be followed in the event of an
emergency.
2. Emergency or disaster response is the step or stage that immediately follows a
disaster event where actions begin as a result of the event having occurred.
operations manager
lining
Element finishing off the side wall of a tunnel (including prefabricated and painted
panels).
risk
Combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of the harm
(ISO IEC 51).
individual risk
Risque existant encore aprs que des mesures de protection ont t mises en uvre
.
residual risk
societal risk
Risque qui est accept dans un contexte donn sur la base des valeurs actuelles de
la socit (ISO IEC 51).
tolerable risk
Risk which is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society (ISO
IEC 51).
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Ensemble des actions visant localiser des personnes en pril immdiat, les
soustraire de ce pril, les traiter en urgence mdicale et les conduire vers le
milieu hospitalier adapt leur pathologie.
Second niveau ou lment de renfort dintervention, de logistique et units
spcialises, mobilis pour renforcer des oprations en cours.
Absence de risque inacceptable (ISO IEC 51).
Definition
Exit that leads to a protected route or safe place.
rescue
second line of
response
Special assessment teams, backup units, teams or services called upon to reinforce
the rescue operation.
safety
Signal spcifique (flche ou croix) affich par un panneau arien (type portique), qui
met en vidence l'tat (ouvert ou ferm) d'une voie de circulation.
cooperating service
(syn. cooperating
agency)
Service or agency supplying assistance other than direct tactical or support functions
or resources to an event control effort (for example, trafic information services).
emergency services
tunnel system
Specific signal (arrow or cross) on an aerial (gantry-type) sign, showing the status
(open or closed) of a traffic lane.
compressed air foam Water-pumping system where compressed air is added to a foam solution to produce
system (abbr. CAFS) a foam stream.
Systme fixe de lutte contre l'incendie conu pour tre activ automatiquement buse
d'aspersion par buse d'aspersion par l'incendie lui-mme, afin de diffuser de l'eau
dans les zones o cela est ncessaire.
sprinkler system
fixed fire-fighting
system
System attached to a tunnel consisting of (at least) a piping system and discharge
nozzles which, when activated, has the effect of reducing heat release and fire
growth rates by discharging a fire suppression agent in the whole or in part of the
tunnel.
Systme de lutte contre l'incendie comportant des buses d'injection fixes, activ zone
par zone.
Remarque: le fonctionnement peut tre automatique ou manuel.
deluge system
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20 / 33
Dfinition
Term
critical situation
event
Definition
Situation in a tunnel (congestion, vehicle breakdown, accident, fire) requiring special
attention or action from tunnel users.
Course of traffic such that no special information is required to inform or warn tunnel
users.
Occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances.
defensive fire-fighting
Distance verticale entre la hauteur libre et la hauteur libre minimale, ncessaire pour
tenir compte des tolrances de construction, des renforcements futurs ventuels de
la chausse, de la protection des quipements, etc.
vertical clearance
Vertical distance between the maintained headroom and the minimum headroom,
needed to allow for height uncertainties during construction, possible future
strengthening of the pavement, protection of equipment, etc.
Tunnel construit au moyen d'lments prfabriqus dans une cale sche. Ces
lments sont transports par flottage, puis immergs et assembls dans une fouille
pralablement prpare au fond du lit de la rivire ou du bras de mer franchir.
tunnel
reduced height tunnel Tunnel reserved for vehicles lower than a given height.
immersed tunnel
Tunnel constructed using prefabricated elements in a dry dock. These elements are
transported by floating, then immersed and assembled in an excavation beforehand
prepared at the bottom of the bed of the river or the sound to be crossed.
emergency
tunnel user
expected value
critical velocity
The minimum steady-state velocity of the airflow moving toward the fire in a tunnel or
passageway which stops backlayering from occurring.
longitudinal ventilation
Courant d'air cr dans un tunnel par des conditions naturelles extrieures telles que
le vent, les diffrences de pression atmosphrique, les variations de temprature,
etc.
natural ventilation
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21 / 33
Definition
Ventilation system capable of either supplying fresh air or extracting vitiated air
uniformly over part of the whole length of a tunnel.
transverse ventilation
Ventilation principle in which both the supply of fresh air and the extraction of vitiated
air, smoke and hot gases can occur in the same section of a tunnel.
Zone at the entrance of a tunnel where, during daytime, lighting levels are reinforced
and progressively decrease towards the interior of the tunnel.
off-carriageway area
The area between the edge lane marking and the wall of a tunnel (including the edge
lane marking and walkway).
Versin : 29.07.2011
Zone at such a distance of the entrance that the required lighting levels are
independent of external brightness during daytime.
22 / 33
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