ALGEBRA

Arithmetic Progression
an =a1 + ( n1 ) d

c =a + b 2 ab cos C

Trigonometric Identities
2

sin A +cos A=1

n
S n= ( a1 +an )
2

Geometric Progression

1+cot 2 A=csc 2 A
tan 2 A+1=sec 2 A

an =a1 r n1

S n=

a1 (1r n)
1r

*For Finite Series

S n=

a
1r

sin ( A B )=sin A cos B sin B cos A

( A B )= cos A cos B sin A sin B

cos
( A B )=

*For Infinite Series

Transformation of Complex
numbers from
Trigonometric Form to
Rectangular Form:
rcis=r ( cos +i sin )

Sine Law
a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sinC

Cosine Law
a2=b2 +c 22 bc cos A
b2=a2 +c 22 ac cos B

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B
tan

2 A= 2 sin A cos A
sin
cos 2 A=cos2 Asin 2 A
2 cos2 A1
2

12 sin A
tan 2 A=

2 tan A
2
1tan A

3
3
r= e R= e
6
3

sin

A
1cos A
=
2
2

cos

A
1+cos A

2
2

Square

A
1cos A

2
1+cos A

d=e 2

tan

P=4 e

A=e2

Sum of Interior Angles = 180(n2)

Sum of Exterior Angles = 360
No. of Diagonals =

n(n3)
2

FORMULAS:
Triangle
P=a+ b+c
1
A= bh
2

Rhombus
P=4 e
A=

d1 d2
2

d1
2

e 2=

Trapezoid
1
A= ( b1 +b2 ) h
2

A= s ( sa ) ( sb )( sc )

General Polygon
( a+ b+c )
s=
2
A=

ab
sin
2

1
1
A= rP= rne
2
2
r=

Equilateral Triangle
P=3 e

3
3
h= e A= e 2
2
4

2 tan( )
2
360
n

2 sin
e
R=

A T =6 e

V =e3
D=e 3

Circle

Cylinder

D=2 r

S=2 rh

C=2 r =D

A T =2 rh+2 r 2

A= r 2=

D2
4

*For similar right circular cylinder

r
S=
180
A sector =

S 1 A1 r 21 h 21
= = =
S 2 A2 r 22 h 22

r 2
360

A segment =A sector A triangle

*For two circles

Pyramid

1
S= Pl
2

SOLID GEOMETRY

Rectangular Parallelepiped
A T =2 ( ab+bc +ac )

1
V = Bh
3
1
A T = Pl+ B
2

*For a Frustum of a pyramid

V =abc
D= a +b + c

Cube

V 1 r 21 h21
= =
V 2 r 22 h22

*For regular pyramid

A 1 r 21 d 21
= =
A 2 r 22 d 22

V = r 2 h

1
'
S= ( P+ P )l
2

1
V = h f ( B+ B' + B B ' )
3

ANALYTIC GEOMETRY
1
A T = ( P+ P' ) l+B+ B'
2

Equations of Lines

Cone
*For right circular cones
S=rl

y y 1=

A T =rl+ r
V=

y 2 y 1
( xx 1)
x 2x 1

*Point-Slope Form

r 2h
3

y y 1=m ( xx 1 )

*For a Frustum of a cone

*Slope-Intercept Form
y=mx +b

S= ( r +R ) l
A T = ( r + R ) l+ r 2+ R2

V = ( r 2 + R2 +rR ) hf
3

*Intercepts Form
x y
+ =1
a b

Area Enclosed by coordinates

Sphere
SA=4 R

*Two-point Form

4R
V Sphere =
3

xn x 1
yn y1

A=

1 x1 x2
2 y1 y2

A=

1
( x y + x y + x n y 1 ) ( y 1 x 2+ y 2 x 3 + y n x 1 ) ]
2[ 1 2 2 3

*Zone
A=2 Rh
h2 (
V=
3 Rh )
3

Angle Between two Lines

tan =

m 2m1
1+m1 m2

Distance of a point to a Line

d=

A x 1 + B y 1+ C

VMA:

A 2 + B2

Conics

a2=b2 +c 2

Major Axis = 2a

A x2 + Bxy+ C y 2+ Dx+ Ey+ F=0

2
If B 4 AC> 0 , Hyperbola
2
If B 4 AC< 0 , Circle of Ellipse
2
If B 4 AC=0 , Parabola

Circle

Minor Axis = 2b
Eccentricity:
Center of Focus = c

Parabola
*Horizontal Axis

e=

c
a

Hyperbola
2

HTA:

( xh) ( yk )
+
=1
a2
b2

VTA:

( yk) (xh)
+
=1
a2
b2

(xh)2 +( y k )2=r 2

( yk)2 = 4 ( xh )

( yk) (xh)
+
=1
a2
b2

Vertex to vertex = 2a
c 2=b 2+ a2

( xh)2= 4 ( yk )

*Vertical Axis

Ellipse
HMA:

( xh)2 ( yk )2
+
=1
a2
b2

Focus to focus= 2c
Eccentricity:
Conjugate axis= 2b

e=

c
a