StudyofShroudFeatureEvidenceUsingVideoandPhotogrammetric

AnalysisMethods
a.k.a.TheHaloStudy
ByPeterSchumacher

InDecemberof2013,Dr.PetrusSoonsandIbeganastudyoftheShroudofTurinwith
aparticularfocusontheareaaroundthefaceoftheManoftheShroud.Ithadbeen
observedbyDr.Soonsthatthereappearedtobeadifferenceinshadingsurroundingtheface
thatwasperhapscoincidentwiththeMandylionrepresentationsinartworksandthatfurther
studymightprovideamoreconclusivedeterminationastoactualShroudimageproperties
andsuchcontentinartworkrepresentationsoftheShroud.

ThestudywasundertakenattheShroudExhibitandMuseumlocatedinAlamogordo,
NewMexico.Themuseumandexhibitispresentlyinstoragependingcompletionof
relocationtoamuchlargerfacilityintheshoppingandentertainmentareaofhistoric
downtownAlamogordo.WeexpecttoreopentherebytheendofNovember2014.

Theprimaryimageusedwasthe1978fullsizecolorimageonKodakDuratransfilm
purchasedfromBarrieSchwortzin2009.Itisilluminatedbypropercolortemperaturediffuse
lighting.Thedisplayfixturewascustomdesignedforthespecificpurposeofimageanalysis.

AVP8ImageAnalyzersystemwasusedinoneelementofthestudy.Thisisthesame
equipmentusedbyCaptainsJacksonandJumperin1976tomakeamodeloftheManofthe
Shroud.However,thistypeofequipmentisrelativelyinaccessibletootherinvestigators.
Furthermore,thisisananalogsystemandtolerancevariablesaredifficulttoduplicate.Higher
accuracyisnowavailablethroughdigitalimagesandprocesses,thoughthisdoesnotnegate
thevalueandimportanceofproperanaloganalysis.

Iusedmultipledigitalandanaloganalysismethodstocomparestudyresults.Iwanted
toinsurethatitwouldbepossibleforotherstoduplicatethework,assumingtheyare
experiencedinthepracticesnecessarytodigitizeimagesproperlyfromphotographsandto
performsubsequentdigitalanalysis.Thedigitalcaptureprocessiscriticalandessentialtothe
qualityofthestudies.

Dr.Soonsprovidedsomeoftheimagesusedinthestudy.Otherswereprovidedby
theShroudExhibitandMuseumarchives.Theambientroomlightwaseliminatedand
reflectionspreventedbycontrollingthecameratoimagepath,inthecaseofbacklit
transparencyimages,andthelightsourcetoprinttocamerapathinthecaseof
photographicprints.ImagesbyEnrie,Schwortz,Miller,andRogerswereamongtheimages
studied.Notallareincludedhereforthepurposeofbrevity.


TheSchwortzflashphotographoftheBarrieSchwortzimageshowstheregionof
interest(ROI)fortheprimaryshadingandfeaturesstudy.Notethereflectionoftheflashin
theimage.Obviouslythiswouldnotbeagoodphotographtouseforthestudy.Itissimply
usedtorecordtheROIselectedforthestudy.Roomlightswereturnedoffandopaqueflat
blackpanelsandblackfoamrubberwasusedtoblockanylightotherthanthetransmitted
lightcomingthroughthediffuserandthetransparency.

Thevideocameraautomaticgainandblacklevelfunctionswereturnedoffandthe
linearitywassettogamma1.0inordertoproducealinearimagedensity(brightness)
responsefromthecamera.TheresultingimagewasprocessedthroughtheVP8Image
Analyzer.Image10isaphotographoftheorientationoftheROIasitappearsonthecolor
videomonitor.Thebandinganddiscolorationresultsbecausethephotographiccamera
shutterexposureisnotsynchronizedtothevideoscanningofthemonitor.Itusedonlyto
recordthecurrentstepintheprocess.Thesameistrueoftheisometricnegativeplot
displayedontheXYZdisplay(brightisdownanddarkisup).Itisimportanttonotethe
shadingappearssimilartoadishorbasinsurroundingtheface.

Image12showstheprofileoftheVP8verticalcursor,alineselectedfromtheimage
goingfromtoptobottomacrosstheTVscreenwhereitcrossesthetopofthehead.Inthis
positivelineplotitclearlyshowsaparabolicresponsewiththedarkersegment(downward)
inthemiddlebeingtheimagedensitiesatthetopoftheheadandthebrighter(upward)
densitiesbeingoneithersideoftheShroudheadimagesegment.

Image13showsadensitysliceofanotherimagewiththeROIorientationwiththetop
oftheheadtowardthetopofthevideoscreen.Densityslicingisameanstogroupa
brightnessrangeandassignacolortoit.TheVP8issonamed becauseeightdifferent
rangegroupscanbeselectedandassignedonetoeachofeightdifferentcolors.Thosecan
thenbedisplayedorsettoblackusingthelevelslicingcontrols.Inthiscase,thephotograph
ofthemonitorrecordsauniqueshadinggroupthatsurroundsthefacialareaoftheShroud
image.Thisrepeatedlyoccurredintestsusingvariousphotographicandspectralimagesand
datingfromEnriesphotographsofthe1930stoSTURPimagesfrom1978.Thisshadingis
proventobeconsistentandcontiguousoverasignificantrangeofbrightnessandphysical
surfaceareasurroundingtheheadoftheimageontheShroudofTurin.

Thisimagefeature,extractedbyimageanalysis,wasthencomparedtoDr.Soons
visualobservationstodetermineifwhathehadmappedwithapapercircularcutoutwas
coincidentwiththedensityanalysisusingtheVP8ImageAnalyzer.

Igeneratedagraphiccircleandcrosshairsandplaceddotsovertheeyesandatthetip
ofthenose.Theseweregroupedassingleobjectwhichcouldthenbeoverlaidontoother
imagesandscaledtocommonsizeforcomparisons,andevenmirrored(flippedlefttoright)
forusewithphotonegatives.Asseeninimage18,thematchisnearlyperfect.Anyerrorsin
placementcanbeaccountedbythelackofcontrastinthepapercircleimageandnonparallel

imagesurfacetocamerasensor(film)surfacewhenthecircularpapercutoutimagewas
made.Otherexamplesareshownbasedonsomeoftheotheroriginimagestested.All
producedsignificantdemonstrationoftheratioofshadingabovethefacetotheareaof
shadingbelowthefaceandtothecenterpositioningofthecircularshadedarearelatedto
thepositionofthefacialimagewithinthatcircle.

SimilarresultswereproducedusingGIMP2anopensourceanalysisapplication.
ThosetestsledtootheranalysisusingadigitalimagebyBarrieSchwortzinadditiontothe
photographicprintsandtransparenciestested.

IemployedtheGaussianedgedetectionprocessinGIMP2toextracttheedge
features(transitionsofbrightnesslevels)withintheROI.Iwasamazedtofindtheoutlined
edgefeaturesbelowthefaceextractedfromthesurroundingimageandfeatureswere
consistentwiththeprimaryandotherobservationsdeclaredbyDr.Soons.

Finalgraphicoverlaytests:Irancomparisonsusingtwoadditionaltargetmarkers.I
foundthefeaturestobeconsistentwiththeanaloganddigitaldensityslicingstudiesandall
theobservationsofDr.SoonsconcerningthecircularHALOarearelativetotheface;the
doubleedgeline;and,theobjectbelowtheface.Thegraphictargetwasthenusedto
compareShroudfeatureswithinartworks(Icons)asdeclaredintheworksofDr.Soons.These
weredemonstrablyaccurateandidenticalbyrelativesize,angles,andpositions,andexactly
aspredictedanddescribedbyDr.Soons.

UsingaTVWaveformMonitor,aninstrumentcommonanduniversaltovideosignal
standardstesting,Iranaseriesofteststoplotthebrightness(density)ofimagesonelineat
atime.Thisresultedinalinebylineextractionofbrightnessvariablessimilartotheoutput
oftheVP8ImageAnalyzer.Itisalsosimilartotheoutputofascanningphotodensitometer.

Theresultswererecordedinbitmapfileformat(.bmp).Thisclearlydemonstratedthe
parabolicshapeoftheareasurroundingtheheadoftheManoftheShroud.Itwillalsomake
itpossibletomakeaphysicalmodelofthebrightnessvariationsinamannersimilar,though
perhapsnotequal,tothemodelmadebyJacksonandJumper.Whilethatisyettobe
determinedinfurtherworkpendingthereopeningoftheShroudExhibitandMuseum,itis
certainthatavideowaveformmonitorcanbeusedwithpropercameraandimage
acquisitionmanagementtoduplicatethisparticularfeatureoftheVP8ImageAnalyzer.

Thedisplayisnotanisometricdisplayanditdoesnotproducearealtime
interactive3DdisplayofimagebrightnessasdoestheVP8.However,itiscommontothe
artofvideoanduniversaltoappliedsignalstandards.

Conclusion

UsingseveralShroudimagesofdifferenttypesanddates;variousimageanalysisand
measurementtechniques;and,employinggraphicoverlaystocompareextractedfeaturesto

variousartworksandIcons,itismyconclusionthatthestatementsmadebyDr.Soonsare
demonstratedtobeaccuratebeyondreasonabledoubt.

Thus,theMandylionandtheShroudofTurinareoneandthesame.Therefore,the
ShroudofTurinexistedatatimeinaccordwiththeknownhistoryoftheMandylion.

IdefertotheconsideredworksofIanWilsonandotheraccomplishedhistoriansasto
theimpactoftheresultsofthisstudy,asIamnotahistorian.

WhileitistruethatnoteveryonehasaVP8ImageAnalyzersystemavailabletothem;
and,whiletheymaynothavealltheimagesavailabletothemthatIusedinthisstudy;Iam
convincedthatthisevidenceisconclusiveandcanbereadilyduplicatedbyanyone
reasonablycapableinthedisciplinesappliedwhileusingavarietyofeasilyaccessibletools
andevensomereadilyaccessibleimages.

2014Schumacher AllRightsReserved

SHROUD RESEARCH
ALAMOGORDO,
NEW MEXICO
DECEMBER 2013
CIRCULAR SHADING STUDY
a.k.a. THE HALO STUDY
2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

PHOTOGRAPH DOUBLED FOUR TIMES WITH

CIRCLE SHOWING FACE
A

B
NOTE: CENTRE OF CIRCLE IS IN THE CORNER OF THE RIGTH EYE
NOTE: B IS LARGER THAN A

IMAGE ANALYSIS PROGRAMS

OPEN SOURCE
GIMP2
NIH adopted applications
GIS/CAD ANALYSIS
PROGRAMS
OPEN SOURCE
GRASS6

FINAL GRAPHIC
OVERLAY TESTS
COMPARING WITH
DR. SOONS WORK

PHOTOGRAPH DOUBLED FOUR TIMES WITH

CIRCLE SHOWING FACE
A

B
NOTE: CENTRE OF CIRCLE IS IN THE CORNER OF THE RIGTH EYE
NOTE: B IS LARGER THAN A

DOUBLE LINE

BYZANTINE COIN
EMPEROR MCIHAEL III
842 - 867 D.C.

USING A TV WAVEFORM MONITOR

TO STUDY RELIEF IN 3D
AN ANALOG ALTERNATIVE TO THE
VP-8 IMAGE ANALYZER
FOR MAKING
PHOTODENSITOMETRIC PLOTS
WITH LIMITED DISPLAY CAPABILITY

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

2013 SEAM/SCHUMACHER/SOONS - - - all rights reserved

CONCLUSION
USING VARIOUS IMAGE ANALYSIS AND
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES, AND EMPLOYING
GRAPHIC OVERLAYS, IT IS MY CONCLUSION THAT THE
STATEMENTS MADE BY DR. SOONS ARE DEMONSTRATED
TO BE ACCURATE BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT.
THUS, THE MANDYLION AND THE SHROUD OF
TURIN ARE ONE AND THE SAME. THEREFORE, THE
SHROUD OF TURIN EXISTED AT A TIME IN ACCORD WITH
THE KNOWN HISTORY OF THE MANDYLION.
Peter Schumacher September 2014

COPYRIGHT 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

SPECIAL THANKS TO ALL THE SHROUDIES WHO MADE THIS STUDY POSSIBLE
AND ALLOWED US TO USE SOME OF THEIR MATERIALS,
ESPECIALLY:
DR. PETRUS SOONS
BARRIE SCHWORTZ
IAN WILSON
DR. ALAN WANGER
KEVIN MORAN
SHROUD EXHIBIT AND MUSEUM
AND THE CONTRIBUTORS WHO MADE MY TRAVEL POSSIBLE