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When a proper ~
is chosen, both
Introduction
Since composite materials have superior mechanical properties, they are widely concerned
by technicians. From the classical laminate theory to the first-order shear deformation theory
and from the higher-order theory to the elasticity theory, the theories of laminated plates of
composite meterials get fast development. The Navier solution of simply supported rectangular
plates was developed by Whitney and LeissaI~l for classical laminate theory.. The Navier
solution was developed by Whitney and Pagano 1-'1for the first-order shear deformation theory.
The three-dimensional elasticity solution for the bending of simply suported laminates was
obtained by Paganol~k The Levy-type solution was developed by Reddy 141 for symmetric
laminates with different boundary condi'tions by using the first-order shear deformation theory.
The present study deals with the development of the Levy-type solution of the refined shear
deformation theory of Reddy by Khdeirt~l. The state-space concept is used to solve the
ordinary differential equations obtained after the application of the Levy solution procedure.
For solutions of limanated plate problems, researchers in our country have also made.many of
theoretical researches. The analytic solution of free vibration of composite laminated
* ProJect supported by.the Science Foundation of Guangdong province
Department of Engineering Mechanics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641,
P. R. China
793
794
plates clamped at four edges was obtained by Y e kaiyuan I~1. The analytic solution of free
vibration of the first-order shear deformation theory at arbitrary boundary conditions was
obtained by Wen Lizhou I71.
On the basis of the Reddy's higher-order theory of composites, this paper introduces a
displacement lkmction ~ into it and transforms its three differential equations for symmetric
cross-ply composites into only one eight-order differential equations generated by the
displacement function. When a proper ~ is chosen, both the Navier-type solution of simply
supported rectangular laminated plates and the Levy-type solution with the boundary
condition are obtained where two opposite edges are simply supported and remains are
arbitrary. The numerical examples show that the present results well coincide with the existing
results in the references, thus validating that the present solving method is reliable. The
method in this paper is simple and current general, and is also convenient in application.
II.
The following assumptions are 'made: (1) the displacements u, v and w of plates are small
as compared with the plate thickness; (2) there is no action of temperature and moisture and
plates are subjected to only distributed lateral load. Basic equations of higher-order theory by
Reddy are:
Lil
L12
LI3
L14
LI2
L22 I-a3 Lu
L~
v0
LI3
L.z3 L33
L34
L35
Lt4
L45
Cy
Lt5
L25
L55J wo
L3-5 L45
Pi
L15" uo
f!}
h~
(i = 1,2,6);
"a_h/20iz3 dz
(2.1)
(Rt,R2)
fh/'2
-h/'2 Z2(fy5,04)dg
(2.2)
(Aq,Bi/,D#,E~,F~,H#)
J_h,~Ou(I,z,?,?,?,z6)&
(i,j
= 1,2,6)
(2.3)
f" h / 2
(Ai/,Do.,F~i) = J_h,,2Qo.(l,z2,z4)dz
(2.4)
( i , j = 4,5)
orM.; r
orM~;
on r
(i = 1,2); ~
(i = 1,2,6)
a
(2.5)
0r
M2 = D 1 2 ~ +
Dz~ 3y +
F12( ~)(0,r
M, = o~( a:'" ~ 1
(o:,,
795
- 3hZ] " a y +
02'~
( I(4
-5-~yz
/
O2W]
' ~ y + ~ySyz]
32w /
~ 2~-~yj
c9 w
0,o
a,o]
(2.6)
? ' --
F"I~)
P2 =
FI2(0c-~) +
~ r. J
7r~/
For symmetrical cross-ply laminated plates, the following stiffness coefficients vanish:
B~ = E O. = 0
L12
"/t 0 '
Lt2
L~
v0
L33
L34 L35
L~
L44
r
i
L45 !r
L35
L45
L~5. ~Wo.
,=
{!]
(2.1)
When the bending problem is solved, only the latter three equations in the Eqs. (2.1) is used.
After developing, we can write:
L33r + LuCy + L35~o =
0]
(2.7)
Lu r L44Cr + L45Wo
L35r + L45r + L55wo
where:
_
L33 = ( Dll
3h---~Fn
16 H ~ 32
16
16
fl..~3
796
(Hi2+H~)]0xOy
_ ...4_4
H ] 03
~x-~h2{(Fl,
3h2 "]~x ,
16F55) 0
L35 =- (As,-~D55+--~
02
03
16
+ -~ ~,,) ~
=_
03
- 3h4 2 {[
,6~ ~:
+ ~[,,,,
(A~ - ~
~_t4
3h2 ,:,9]~y]y3S
,6_,:
+ -'~1+44}0y 2
~,
0x4 + 2(~,2 + 2 ~ , ) ~
_ 4 / / ' ~ 03 l
+
+ m,
~,
~]
(2.8)
~= = ( L35 544
- L,5 L~) r
~,
- (r,z~
wo
(L34L34- L~L33)~ j
- L,,r~)~ l
(2.9)
and substitute them into the basic Eqs. (2.7), the first and second equations of the Eqs. (2.7)
are automatically satisfied. The third equations will become an eight-order differential
equation. By derivation, it can be written as:
38
Ct ~
0s
Os
~98
+ C2 Ox63y 2 + C3 3x4Oy 4 +
06
06
C40x23y 6 +
36
04
0,
C14
5)
08
06
C5 ~x 8 + C6 3xtf
34
= q
(2.10)
where CI, C 2 , ' " , 6'14 are the coefficients. (see the appendix 1).
Substituting the Eqs. (2.8) on differential operators into Eqs. (2.9), we obtain:
o_,
~b.~ = Axl Ox5 + Ax2 3x3Oy2 + Ax3 Ox3y4 + Ax4 Ox3 + A,5 ax3y2 + A,,6
~b,. =
At, ~
a'
+ Ar2.-~x"i'~y3 +
,'
At30x40y + A~i--0y
3 + As50x20y
+ A,,3 --Oy4 + A~ ~
o'-
+ As6
+ A~,5~Oy2 + A,~ q~
t~
9
(2.11)
797
where IA,I ,"" ,A~6,Art,'", At6, and A,~1,'",A,,,6'are the coefficients. (see the appendix 1.)
Since the solution equation is an eight-order diffenrential equation, it needs four boundary
9conditions in each edges of plates. In the following, the boundary conditions of the generalized
internal forces will be also expressed by using a displacement function.
III.
The generalized internal forces concerning boundary conditions, expressed by d,b~,tbr and
w0, havc shown in Eqs. (2.6). Substituting the Eqs. (2.11) into Eqs. (2.6), we obtain the
expressions containing only a displacement function r
y) :
MI=
4
4
06
{[ ( D,, - ~'~F,,)A.~t
-'~'~F,IAwII'~x6
+ [ ( DI'
+
4F
+ [(
+
4.~_F
+(Dr2 ~-'~F@Ar2-~-~(FI,Aw3+
4
4 a,. -
0___66
4 F
0,6 + [(
ax2Oy4
-)A.. -
4.
4
F12A
[(D,, - ~4 F n)A.~5+(D,2- ~-~F,2)
Ar5 - 3-~z(F,,A,.5+
4 F
4 F
d.
4 Fu)A,6
~4 + [(Oil -~2~2
. "
--
0::
~1)] 04.
a ~y~
4 ~ .. 1 ~-~x2
a2
-- 3 h 2 / ( 1 1 A ' ~ ' 6 ]
02 } ~ ( x , y )
...
(3.1)
By such transformation, the problem of solving three differential equations becomes that of
solving an eight-order differential equation. The Eqs. (2.10) involves only one unknown
function r
y).It is convenient for seeking an analytical solution.
IV.
B o u n d a r y C o n d i t i o n s of L a m i n a t e d P l a t e
According to the general forms of boundary conditions, we can wri.te out three basic
forms of rcctangular plates.
I. Simply supported boundary
When
X 1 or
X2
M, = PI = Cy = w =00}
M2 P2 r
w
When y = y l o r y = Y2,
(4.1)
2. Free boundary
When x = xl, or x
-~2,
4
Mt = P1 = 0 ; M 6 - ~-~P6 = 0
Qt
~R1
-
When y = Y l , o r y = Y2,
+ ~4
- U r{OP6 + - ~oP11
;j
--
4
M2 = P2 = 0 ; M 6 - ~ P 6
4
(~P~
(4.2)
= 0
ae2/
Q 2 - ~ R 2 + 3-~-'~--x + "~-'y / =
798
3. Clamped boundary'
When
x t or
X2 7
(4.3)
Ow/Oy
W b e n y = Yl o r y = Y2,
er
V.
5.1
MI = Pt = er = w = 0;
y = 0;b;
/1'/2 = P2 = r
9 (x,y)
= w = 0;
= ~--] ~-]Am,,sina.~sin/~y
m=l n=l
(5.1)
q(x,y)
= ~
~-] q...,sina.r~sinfl~
(5.2)
m=l n=l
Substituting the series (5.1) a n d (5.2) into the governing differentral Eq. (2.10), we
obtained:
c,m,.,,,~ + C~A.,.,r
+ C3AJ..~. + C , A ~ . ~ . + C~A.,,~.- C , A ~
- cs~.#'.- c ~ . + C,o~'.. + c , , ~ .
+ c,~~'.- c , ~ -
c,,~
5.2
(0"/90*/0 ~
qosin(rcx/a)sin(lry/b)
799
Table I.
Table
Comparison
of center
deflections
@ of square
(0"/90~ *) l a m i n a t e s
under
sine load
Fsryr
a/h
Rexldy[tl
Present
1.9218
1.9218
1.5681
I. 7763
1.9122
10
0.7125
0.7125
0.6306
0.6693
0.6949
100
0.4342
0.4342
0.4333
0.4337
0.4340
~ = 4=516
~ = K~= 3/4
It can be seen that the results of the present method well coincide with the results of the
classical method of the Reddy theory and are more accurate than FSDT.
2. For a rectangular plate of
results are listed in Table 2.
Table 2
Comparison
b/a= 3 with
plates
under
sine
load
( b / a = 3)
a/h
Reddy~81
Present
paganoD]
2.6411
2.6411
2.82
10
0.8622
0.8622
0.919
0.803
20
0.5937
0.5937
0.610
0.5784
100
0.5070
0.5070
0.508
0.5064
It can be seen that the results of the present method well coincide with the results of the
classical method of the Reddy theory and are more accurate than FSDT.
3. For a square laminate subjected to a uniform load q0, where q,,~ = 16q0/rr2mn . of
only taking odd terms, the calculating results and the comparisons are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Corn m r i s o n of c e n t e r d e f l e c t i o n s ~ o f s q u a r e p l a t e s u n d e r u n i f o r m load
Present
Reddyra]
a/h
FSDT(~ = ~ = 5/6)
N=9
N=29
N=9
N=29
N=9
/V=29
7.7681
7.7661
7.7681
7.7661
7.7170
7.0666
2.9103
2.9091
2.9103
2.9091
2.5623
2.5697
1.0220
10
1.0903
1.0900
1.0903
1.09(D
1.0244
20
0.7661
0.7660
0.7661
0.7660
0.7574
0.7573
50
0.6839
0.6838
0.6839
0.6838
0.6808
0.6~
0.6705
0.6705
0.6705
0.6679
0.66~
100
0.6705
It can be seen that the results of the present method well coincide with the results of the
classical method of the Reddy theory.
800
The Levy-Type Solution for Plates with Boundary Conditions which Two
Opposite Edges Are Simply Supported and Others Are Arbitrary
VI.
6.1
Ib
nt=l
li
From the expressioias of M1, PI, w and ~br, we can know that
the displacement function ~ ( x, y) satisfies the boundary conditions.
We also find that the function ~,.(y) is a function of y, so we can
open up the lateral load in a fouries series:
q ( x , y) = ~
Qm(y)sina,,,('x)
'
I
0
(b)
i
_a
Fig. 1
m=l
Since the governing Eq. (2.10) is an eight-order differential equation, substituting (a) and (b)
into Eq. (2.10), we obtain:
Cl~a..~..(x) - c2 6~2)(,.
,. y) + ,~3,...,-.."
_4..4)~y) - ,.4,.,..,."
_2~r (y) +
- C6~.,(r)
+ c7,~4,.~)(y)
,, 2.tC2)ry)
-- GtlOttn?'rn
k
+ Cl2 ~ . y )
2 ~,) (y) + C 9 ~ ) ( y )
csa.,~,.
--
C13a2~,,(y) + C 1 4 ~ ) ( y )
c#~)(y)
+ C~o,~.,(y)
--
Q~
(6.1)
A f t e r arrangement, we obtain:
~,.~,',..y) +
~.,3~2)(y) +
a.z~,.(r)
Q.,
(6.1)'
where
~ml = C5; a,.2 = C9 -- C 4 c t 2m ; t~m3 = C3ct 4m - C 8 0 : ,2. + C12
am4 - - -
The Eq. (6.1)' is a non-homogeneous eight-order ordinary differential equation, and its
characteristic equation is:
~.~
4- ~ . . ~
4- ~ . . ~
4- ~ . ~
4- ,,~ = 0
(6.1)"
Let x,,, = 22,,,, and substitute this equation into Eq. (6.1)". We obtain:
a m l X m'4 4-
x~-(b.,,
~ x,~
+.,/Sy + b,,,,-4b,,a:"~
b.,ly
+ Y
801
~ / S y + b,,,,-4b,,a
(e)
where y is any one real root of cubic equation (c). Thus we can obtain the eight roots of ' 2,,,,
and the solution of the homogeneous equation" of the Eq. (6.1)' is:
Therefore,
QX (y)
(6.2)
The eight constants. C,~t,C~2,...,C,~ s, in the solution above can be determined by the
remaining two boundary conditions. Because there are four conditions in each edge and two
edges have eight conditions. The eight constants can be just determined. The displacement
function ~ ( x , y)which of the form of a fourier series is always written as the following form:
t'/)(x,y) = ~__/[ CmleA'*'Y +
n|=
+ C,~6ea'r
6.2
The numerical
Q~,(y)]
sina,,~
(6.3)
In order to examine thc reliability of the present method, we take the laminate
(00/900/0 ~) with layers of equal thickness as the numerical examples. The material properties
are taken as follows:
Et = 19.2 x 106psi(132.36GPa); E2 = 1.56 x 106psi(10.75GPa)
G12 = GI3 = 0.82 x 106psi(5.65GPa);
Gzs = 0.523 x 106psi(3.60GPa); v12 = vl3 = 0.24
2
~sina.,x.
m=1,3,5 awrn
The results
802
deflection is smaller, that is, CC case is minimum and FF case is maximum. This coincides
with usual concept of physics.
Table 4
Center
deflection
of cross-ply
(0"/90"/0 ~
laminates
witla v a r i o u s
boundary
conditions
CC
SS
alb
0'.2
3
4
5
Present
h/a
Present
Khdeir[ ~1
N=9
N=29
46.39
46.34
Khdeir/s]
N=9
N=~
46.33
26.85
26.81
26.80
47.57
0.14
96.63
96.53
96.52
47.69
47.59
0.2
21.67
21.62
21.61
13.06
13.01
13.01
0.14
41.58
41.48
41.46
22.54
22.44
22.42
0.2
12.20
12.16
12.15
7.24
7.37
7.36
0.14
22.05
21.95
21.83
12.80
12.71
12.69
FF
a/b
CF
Present
Present
h/a
KhdeirIs]
Khdelr[5]
N=9
3
4
5
N=29
N=9
N=29
0.2
438.2
437.8
437.7
104.21
104.17
104.16
0.14
934.3
933.5
933.3
217.9
217.0
216.9
0.2
435.9
435.4
435.4
55.95
55.90
55.89
0.14
936.2
935.3
935. I
112.58
112.49
112.47
0.2
436.2
435.9
435.7
32.31
32.27
32.26"
0.14
937.1
936.2
936.0
62.83
62.75
62.73
SC
a/b
VII.
SF
Present
Present
h/a
Khd~:sl
tO~leirfS]
N~9
N=~
35.17
237. I
236.6
236.5
66.08
512.4
511.6
511.4
16.91
16.90
191.76
191.73
191.72
30.22
30.20
415.'0
414.20
414.0
N=9
N=29
0.2
35.22
35.17
0.14
66.20
66.10
0.2
16.95
0.14
30.32
0.2
9.61
9.57
9.56
0.14
16.83
16.73
16.72
157.89
157.83
157.83
340.7
339.8
339.6
Conclusions
803
3. In. this paper, for the four edges simply supported plates, we consider three examples.
First, the results in this paper coincide with the results of the classic~J method of Reddy 'theory
and are more accurate than FSDT. Second, no matter what a/h~4, 10, 20, 100, the results of
this paper completely coincide with the results of the classical method of Reddy theory.
However, the present results are smaller than those of the elastic theory of Pagano and bigger
than those of FSDT. Third, no matter what a/h=2, 4, 10. . . . . 100, (N=9, or N=29). the
results of this paper completely coincide with Reddy theory, thus validating the fact that the
prsent method is reliable.
4. For the plates with the boundary conditions in which two opposite edges are simply
supported and two edges are arbitrary, several numerical results are given. There are altogether
six cases (SS. SC. SF. CC. CF. FF). Whether aspect ratios are 3, 4, 5, and h/a=0.2 or 0.14,
the calculating results are very close to the results of Khdeir tSl and has higher precision.
5. The programming language is F O R T R A N 5. The computation can be carried out on
small computers.
References
as
a6
+ C8 ~
a8
a6
aa
a4
a~
where
4
16
a8
a6
a6
a4
CI2 --ay4 +
= q
(2.10)
804
4
C2= - ~{(F,,-
4
4
2H65)] (A.,+ A~.:~)}
~h2H,,)A.2+
[ F,2+ 2Fc~- ~(H,2+
4
2Hss) ] (A.2+ A:)
[F,2+2F~-'~-~2(Hn+
C4= - ~-~{
4 [ Fn + 2F66 - ~h2(Fn+2F6a)](m,,3.+ At,). / F z ~ - ~ H4 z 2 ) a : }
+ [ Fn + 2F66- "~(Hn
9
- ~'~Hu)A..5
4
(A..4
16
I"~6F55)(A.,+ '.,)-(A44--~2 D44 + "~F~)
(At2+ A~2)
9 4
4
+2He~)](A,,s+A#)}
+ [ Fn + 2F66 - ~h2(nn
16
4
4
C9 =-(A~.- "~2D,~+ "~F.) (At, + .41o3)-~~( Fz2-~Hm)
Ar4+#HmA~5
" 16
- 4
4
16
Cio ' = - ( A55 - -~ D55 + -~ Fss) ( A.~ + A~ ) + ~-~2( Fn - " ~ Hn ) A~ + "~-~HuA~
16
8
16 F ~ ) ( A #
- h28 Ds.~ +.'~F55)
(a~ + aws)- (A44 - -~D~
+ --~
+ A,,.t)
Cn=_(a~5
+
Ci2 =
-(A44-
Cl3 = -(A,,
C14 m -
~0,, + ~F,,)
'6 (A~ + a~)
16
(Ass-'~D55+'-~F55)
(A~+ ~,)
where
_ 8
16
~.,= #{
_
8
( m~ - ~-~,%
+ 16
(Fn _
2F~ - 4
805
2H~)]
8
16
4
#,,,,) (o., - ~,~+
~,,o)
[,.,, +..,,- ~<,,,,,
2H~)]
16
[ D12 + Des - ._8_(
3h 2 Fm + F~) + ~'-~(H~2
+ H~)] }
~.,= #{
-(,,o -
16 (H
nm)]
+#,-,-,)
"
+-,4
16
Ax4 =
-~(
= -
4
16
F,, - "~-~
H,, ) ( A,~ - ~ O,u + -~
F44)
16F~)[ F,2
16 Fss)
16
16
D
16
16
4
16
_8_8F
3h 2
4
2g~) ]
~-~(H,2+
2F~
16
+ 2H~)]
4
8
4.
+ (,-.,- jo)
(,,,, - ~,-.
+ ~,,.)- [,-,, +.-,.- ~<,,,,
+ 2H~)]
8
16
9 [D,,+ o,,- ~<,-,,+
,,.,,~+ ~,~,,,,+
,,,.~]}
,,: -_ - ~{(,,,,
"
-
- ~,,,,)+
,
- 3h2Fn
-pF.)
i6
_~2D,~ 16
- 3h 2
At5
- h,2 55 +
16
- ( D,, - -3h2FH8
+ .~h4H,,) ( A,~ - "~ D,u + ~15 r,,,)
16
2H66))
16
A:
,,,,~]
3h2( .12+
+ 9h4H11
(Ass
16
"~2Dss + ' ~1 6 F ss](A44~
"~2D44 + "~'/F,~)
16
:., =- (o.- ~..+ ~,..)
( Du - ~j,,
H~)]
- 3- h- 2 F n
16
+
+ ~,,.)
H~)] 2 _
- ~
T~")
16
806
16 Fz5) ( Dr~ - g8 - ~ l ~ + ~ V 16
~
16
,~. = (.~ - ~ .
16
8
-
16
~r,,
16
~.)(,~i~ D55 + "~16 F55)
"~