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RESEARCH ARTICLE
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1.1 Description
Pneumatic and hydraulic shock absorbers
commonly take the form of a cylinder with a sliding
piston inside. The cylinder is filled with a fluid (such
as hydraulic flu id) or air. Th is fluid-filled
piston/cylinder combination is a dashpot.
1.2 Explanation
The shock absorbers duty is to absorb or
dissipate energy. One design consideration, when
designing or choosing a shock absorber, is where
that energy will go. In most dashpots, energy is
converted to heat inside the viscous fluid. In
hydraulic cylinders, the hydraulic fluid will heat up,
while in air cylinders, the hot air is usually exhausted
to the atmosphere. In other types of dashpots, such
as electromagnetic ones, the dissipated energy can
be stored and used later. In general terms, shock
absorbers help cushion cars on uneven roads.
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42
95.94 amu
2617.0 C (2890.15 K,
4742.6 F)
4612.0 C (4885.15 K,
8333.6 F)
42
54
Transition Metal
Cubic
10.22 g/cm3
silverishTable -1
(20 C) 53.4 nm
138 Wm1K1
(300 K) 54.3[3] mm/s
(25 C) 4.8
mm1K1
1
(r.t.) 5400 ms
329 GPa
126 GPa
230 GPa
Poisson ratio
0.31
2. LITRATURE REVIEW
Shock absorber is designed and a 3D model
is created using CATIA. The model is also changed by
changing the thickness of the spring. Structural
analysis and modal analysis are done on the shock
absorber by varying material for spring, Spring Steel
and Beryllium Copper. The analysis is done by
considering loads, bike weight, single person and 2
persons.
Structural analysis is done to validate the
strength and modal analysis is done to determine
the displacements for different frequencies for
number of modes. Comparison is done for two
materials to verify best material for spring in Shock
absorber. Modeling is done in CATIA and analysis is
done in ANSYS. CATIA is the standard in 3D product
design, featuring industry-leading productivity tools
that promote best practices in design.
Molybdenum is a Group 6 chemical
element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42.
The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from
Ancient Greek molybdos, meaning lead,
since its ores were confused with lead ores.[1]
Molybdenum minerals have been known into
prehistory, but the element was discovered (in the
sense of differentiating it as a new entity from the
mineral salts of other metals) in 1778 by Carl
Wilhelm Scheele. The metal was first isolated in
1781 by Peter Jacob Hjelm. Using this material we
can design any elongation objects.
Molybdenum does not occur naturally as a
free metal on Earth, but rather in various oxidation
states in minerals. The free element, which is a
silvery metal with a gray cast, has the sixth-highest
melting point of any element. It readily forms hard,
stable carbides in alloys, and for this reason most of
world production of the element (about 80%) is in
making many types of steel alloys, including high
strength alloys and superalloys.
In this project design a shock absorber by
using CATIA and analysis is done by using ANSYS
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Fig(3.1):Bottom part
Fig(3.4):Assembly
Fig(3.7)CATIA bottom design step-2
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Free meshing.
Mapped meshing.
Free meshing: Free meshing allows more flexibility
in defining mesh areas. Free mesh boundaries can
be much more complicated than mapped mesh
without subdividing in to multiple regions. The mesh
will automatically be created by an algorithm that
tries to minimize element distortion (deviation from
a perfect square). Free mesh surfaces can easily
have internal holes, where mapped mesh surfaces
cant. Free meshing is controlled by two parameters
assigned to each mesh surface or volume that affect
the size of the elements generated. The first is the
element length, which is the normal size of elements
the program will attempt to generate. The second
parameter controls mesh refinement at curves in
the model by controlling how much deviation is
allowed between straight element sides and curved
boundaries. This parameter is expresses either as a
percentage deviation or an absolute number.
Mapped meshing: Mapped meshing requires the
same number of elements on opposite sides of the
mesh area, and requires that mesh area be bounded
by three or four edges. If you define a mapped
mesh area with more than four curves, you must
define which vertices are topological corners of the
mesh. Mapped mesh boundaries with three corners
will generate triangular elements in on degenerate
corner. The number of elements per edge and
biasing of elements of elements of element size
towards the end or the center of edges control the
mesh density. Another advantage of mapped
meshing is we can produce dense mesh where we
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Preliminary, Decisions
Preprocessing
Solution
Post processing
5.2 ANSYS WORK BENCH ANALYSIS
The ANSYS Workbench platform is the
framework upon which the industrys broadest and
deepest suite of advanced engineering simulation
technology is built. An innovative project schematic
view ties together the entire simulation process,
guiding the user through even complex metaphysics
analyses with drag-and-drop simplicity. With bidirectional CAD connectivity, powerful highlyautomated meshing, a project-level update
mechanism, pervasive parameter management and
integrated optimization tools, the ANSYS Workbench
platform delivers unprecedented productivity,
enabling Simulation Driven Product Development.
The Workbench environment allows you to solve
much more complex analyses, including:
1. Multi-part assemblies
2. 3-D solid elements, shell elements, and shellsolid assemblies
3. Nonlinear contact with or without friction
4. Small-displacement and large-displacement
static analyses
5. Modal, harmonic, and Eigen value buckling
analyses
6. Steady-state thermal analysis, including
temperature-dependent material properties
and thermal contact.
5.3 ANALYSIS SYSTEMS
One way to start an analysis in ANSYS
Workbench is to select an analysis system from the
Toolbox. When you select one of these analysis
types, the corresponding system will appear in the
Project Schematic, with all the necessary
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State
Meshed
Fig(5.1):Imported model
Shock absorber after meshing
Fig(5.2):Meshed model
Model (A4) > Geometry > Parts
Shock
Part1
observer 1
Graphics Properties
Visible
Yes
Transparency
1
Definition
Suppressed
No
Stiffness
Flexible
Behavior
Coordinate
Default Coordinate System
System
Reference
By Environment
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Structural Steel
Yes
Yes
239.62 mm
60. mm
55. mm
397.07 mm
1.4236e+005
mm
1.1175e-003 t
3.0513e+005
mm
2.3953e-003 t
690.05 mm
-3.751e-011
mm
-4.6046 mm
488.91 mm
1.6037e-009
mm
-4.6053 mm
Moment of
0.25254 tmm
Inertia Ip1
Moment of
5.2794 tmm
Inertia Ip2
Moment of
5.3711 tmm
Inertia Ip3
Statistics
Nodes
3440
Elements
1844
Mesh Metric
None
1.Structural Analysis for bike weight (125kgs) using
Spring Steel as spring material
Case 1: Load 125kgs
Element Type Solid 20 node 95 Material:
Spring Steel
Material Properties: Youngs Modulus (EX):
210000N/ mm2 Poissons Ratio (PRXY): 0.29
Density: 0.000007850kg/mm3
Static Structural:
603
260. mm
56. mm
56. mm
76958 mm
6.0412e004 t
556.86 mm
-0.2671
mm
-4.4485
mm
3.5294
tmm
3.5268
tmm
0.37568
tmm
0.80082
tmm
31.771 tmm
31.863 tmm
2711
1349
8552
3420
Fig(5.3):Appling loads
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Fig(5.4):Vonmisses stresses
Fig(5.6):Vonmisses stresses
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Fig(5.8):Appling loads
Fig(5.9):Vonmisses stresses
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Fig(5.11):Vonmisses stresses
Fig(5.14):Vonmisses stresses
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Fig(5.16):Vonmisses stresses
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Bike
weight
Bike
weight
+
1perso
n
Bike
weight
+
2perso
ns
Spring steel
Stresses
Defor
Ma
Min
mation
x
Molybdenum
Stresses
Deformat
Max
Min
ion
8.4
097
0.00
154
53
0.0050
225
5.22
36
0.001132
0.004290
3
13.
455
0.00
247
0.0080
36
7.43
49
0.0024895
0.007801
4
18.
501
0.00
339
96
0.0110
49
12.0
93
0.0009386
9
0.010668
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30
20
10
0
[6].
[7].
Spring steel
Molybdenum
Spring steel
[8].
Molybdenum
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