Académique Documents
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Recognition of Need
Synthesis
Analysis of Forces
Material Selection
Design of Elements
Modification
Detailed Drawing
Production
Strength
Rigidity
Wear Resistance
Minimum dimensions and weight
Reliability and Durability
Manufacturability
Safety
Maintainability
Standard
Appearance
Factors to be considered
Availability
Cost
Properties (Mechanical and Physical)
Manufacturing Considerations
Color
Size
Shape
Density
Electric & Thermal conductivity
Melting Point
Strength
Stiffness
Elasticity
Plasticity
Ductility
Brittleness
Malleability
Toughness
Resilience
Creep
Hardness
Limits
Fits
Tolerances
Preferred Numbers
Tolerance
is
the
difference
between
maximum and minimum dimensions of a
component, ie, between upper limit and lower
limit. Depending on the type of application,
the permissible variation of dimension is set
as per available standard grades.
Allowance
Upper deviation
Lower deviation
Fundamental deviation
Clearance Fit
In this type of fit, the shaft of largest possible
diameter can also be fitted easily even in the
hole of smallest possible diameter.
Transition Fit
In this case, there will be a clearance between
the minimum dimension of the shaft and the
minimum dimension of the hole.
Interference Fit
In this case, no matter whatever may be the
tolerance level in shaft and the hole, there is
always a overlapping of the matting parts.
This is known as interference fit. Interference
fit is a form of a tight fit.
Standard tolerances
18 grades: IT01 ,IT0 and IT1-1T16
Fundamental deviations
25 types: A- ZC (For holes)
a- zc (For shafts)
properties
cost
availability
Cast Iron
Wrought Iron
Steel
Duralumin
This is an alloy of 4% Cu, 0.5% Mn, 0.5% Mg
and aluminium. It is widely used in automobile
and aircraft components.
Y-alloy
This is an alloy of 4% Cu, 1.5% Mn, 2% Ni, 6% Si,
Mg, Fe and the rest is Al. It gives large strength
at high temperature. It is used for aircraft
engine parts such as cylinder heads, piston etc.
Magnalium
This is an aluminium alloy with 2 to 10 %
magnesium. It also contains 1.75% Cu. Due to
its light weight and good strength it is used for
aircraft and automobile components.
Copper alloys
Copper is one of the most widely used nonferrous metals in industry. It is soft, malleable
and ductile and is a good conductor of heat
and electricity.
Self study