CHEMISTRY 103B, Spring 2007

Problem Set 6: 15 Points

Due Date: midnight, Friday, March 7, 2008

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www.d2l.arizona.edu
Points on a problem set have the same weight as points on an examination. The problem
set points total to the same sum (150 points) as the three hour exams. You have several
days to complete this assignment. We encourage students to work together on problem
sets. You can get help in any discussion section, in the Tutor Area, or during your
instructors office hours. Because of this, there is no reason for not scoring 100% on
every problem set!
Problem 1. (eight points) This is a solubility equilibrium problem dealing with a
saturated water solution of calcium phosphate in equilibrium with solid calcium
phosphate. The Ksp value for this substance is 1.2 x 10-29.
(a) Find the concentration in mol/L of calcium ion in the solution.
(b) Find the concentration in mol/L of phosphate ion in the solution.
(c) Find the total concentration of all ions (sum of positive and negative concentrations)
in this solution.
(d) If the calcium ion concentration is increased by adding a soluble calcium salt, the
concentration of phosphate ion will increase, decrease, or stay the same (choose one).
(e) If more water is added and the solution and solid calcium phosphate are allowed to
reach equilibrium again, the concentration of calcium ion will increase, decrease, or stay
the same (choose one).
(f) If more water is added and the solution and solid calcium phosphate are allowed to
reach equilibrium again, the concentration of phosphate ion will increase, decrease, or stay
the same (choose one).
(g) If more solid calcium phosphate is added to the saturated solution, the concentration
of calcium ion will increase, decrease, or stay the same (choose one).
(h) If more solid calcium phosphate is added to the saturated solution, the concentration
of phosphate ion will increase, decrease, or stay the same (choose one).

Problem 2. (three points) The following questions deal with the pH of various solutions.
Relevant Ka values can be found in Table 18.2 in your textbook. Consult the acid/base
table from Problem Set 5 also.
(a) Find the pH of a water solution of sodium benzoate (NaC6H5CO2), 0.80 mol/L) and
benzoic acid (HC6H5CO2), 0.30 mol/L).
(b) Find the pH of a water solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.80 mol/L) and sodium
chloride (NaCl, 0.30 mol/L).
(c) Find the pH of a water solution of ethanol (C2H5OH, 0.30 mol/L) and sodium ethoxide
(NaOC2H5, 0.80 mol/L). (Note: ethanol is not a proton donor in water)

Problem 3. (four points)

(a) An object transfers 300 J of heat to its surroundings. Simultaneously, it performs
1200 J of work upon the surroundings. What is E?
(b) For a reaction to be spontaneous at only low temperatures, which of the following will
be true?
H > 0 and S > 0

H > 0 and S < 0

H <0 and S >0

H < 0 and S < 0

(c) For a reaction to be spontaneous at any temperature, which of the following will be
true?
H > 0 and S > 0

H > 0 and S < 0

H <0 and S >0

H < 0 and S < 0

(d) When the entropy of the surroundings decreases, which of the following must be true if the
process is spontaneous?
(a) Suniverse = 0

(b) Disorder in
the system must
increase

(c) The
temperature of
the system must
decrease

(d) The
surroundings
absorb heat

(e) H = T S