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Essential Academic
Writing Examples and
Phrases!

06.17.2015
Anastasia Koltai

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Content:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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6.
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8.
9.

Sample Research Paper Paragraph

Explanation
Adding Additional Information to Support a Point
Demonstrating Contrast
Adding a Proviso or Acknowledging Reservations
Giving Examples
Signifying Importance
Summarizing
Stating Your Opinion

Words and Phrases Used in Academic

Writing
In academic writing, there are certain words and phrases that are used consistently. If
a student is able to become familiar with these words and phrases, their academic
writing will certainly improve faster and their comprehension of academic texts will
increase.
The difference between the right word and almost the right word is the difference
between lightning and a lightning bug. Mark Twain, The Wit and Wisdom of Mark
Twain
In this post, I will share the words and phrases you can equip yourself with when
writing or reading academic papers.

Academic Writing about Research

Research is an essential part of any good academic paper. Without it, claims and
opinions are not viable and hardly believable. Plus, without research, it is difficult to
know much about your chosen subject.

Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking

and prying with a purpose. Zora Neale
Hurston
CLICK TO TWEET

By providing evidence of research, readers can trust what you write is concrete,
accurate to the best of your knowledge, and reliable. Here is a sample of research
writing in action, with citations given. It is a paragraph from a research essay:

Sample Research Paper Paragraph

Video games encourage children to associate happiness and pleasure with the
capability to cause pain to others. They develop the feeling that in order to be happy,
one has to make other people suffer.
Children who play video games tend to develop selfish behavior (Anderson &
Bushman, 2001). Video games teach the player to be dependent and since the child is
often left alone while playing on a game console, he or she can develop selfish
behaviors.
A certain study that was done at a Minneapolis-based national institute for media
indicated that kids can get addicted to video games and exhibit social phobias. The
interactive quality of virtual games is quite different from passively viewing movies
or television.

The games allow players to be active participants in the script. The players who are
able to benefit from acts of violence are then able to proceed to the next level (Sherry,
2001).
Phrases and Words

a few studies

other studies

a certain study, indicated that

little attention has been devoted to the impact

given the lack of critical attention paid to

there is a divergence between and what they actually do. This divergence

occurs because

several schools of thought have emerged

as shown previously

prior research has suggested

another factor

the underlying concept

the likelihood that

research indicates

what is demonstrated

against this backdrop

the central issue addressed here is the relationship between

the topic of warrants research attention for reasons.

to answer these questions

the present study attempts to crystallize factors which influence

by.

analyzing the relationship between and

in examining

in order to better understanding

a deeper understanding of the process of

we illustrate this procedure by

we illustrate this procedure by using

our contention is that

this research builds on existing knowledge in the fields of

insights drawn from scholarly literature are supplemented with those from

it accentuates the realization that

the issue is whether or not

there is evidence that has a positive affect.

these arguments suggest

given this orientation

the same logic underlies

in this context, it is worthwhile to consider

in this respect,

in contrast,

a major trait

typically,

traditionally,

this leads to

generally,

as noted earlier

whereas

briefly

also,

still,

yet

accordingly

initially, it may seem

surprisingly,

next,

in contrast

nevertheless

as a result

hence

accordingly

respectively

as a consequence

consequently

thus,

therefore,

for this reason

because of this
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Punctuation Marks Quotation Marks Question Mark

Explanation
Explaining the topics and issues within your main subject is intrinsic for writing well
in academic writing. Without going into detail about the information you present, you
are doing a disservice to your readers who expect to know more about the subtle side
of an issue or topic.
Explanation gives readers the needed substance for learning about something new and
extraordinary. You should not over-explain, as well as you should not under-explain.
Find a balance in your academic writing.
Knowing key phrases and words that will lead into your section for explanation is a
great way to get a head start on making your essay well-rounded and in-depth.

Dont tell me the moon is shining; show me the

glint of light on broken glass. Anton Chekhov
CLICK TO TWEET

Sample Of Explanation

On the other hand, chauvinism as sexism refers both to males and females, as it
assumes the belief in the superiority of one sex over the other.
Male chauvinists believe women must stay at home, cook and raise children, while
men are supposed to live an active life, build careers and self-actualize (Iota 156). At
the same time, some forms of modern feminism can be referred to as female
chauvinism.
For example, despite the fact that Islam strictly prohibits male chauvinism, it is
widely believed in western media that Islam accepts it as a norm. For example,
Muslims are often considered disdainful in the way they treat their women, though it
is not true for the majority of Muslims.
On the contrary, women often furiously argue about the numerous advantages of
women over men. This can also be called chauvinism.
Phrases and Words

in order to

in other words

to put it in another way

that is to say

to that end.

besides,

furthermore,

in addition,

moreover

likewise

indeed

in truth

in fact

also

as well

foremost

ranking above all others

preceding all others

Read more:
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Adding Additional Information to Support a

Point
It is never enough to give one line of thought to describe or support a claim. A claim
is always weak if it is backed up in a one-sided way. That is why it is important to
give a comprehensive view of your main topic to your readers.
Sometimes I like to list the strongest arguments I can find to support a point of view
I think is wrong. When I have them before me, I am up against a real opponent rather
than a hypothetical one that is an easy target for me to hit. Lewis B. Smedes

Sample of Adding Additional Information to Support a

Point
The risks associated with drug experimentation depend on various factors, such as
quantity, frequency of use, combinations used, and the way a certain drug is taken.
An excess of sedatives leads to fatal overdoses. Stimulant and hallucinogenic drugs
on the other hand lead to psychotic behavior and to the loss of the sense of reality.
Besides, constantly increasing doses lends to drug tolerance: the user needs to take
more of the narcotic substance to achieve the desired effect. High tolerance levels also
prompt overdose and even death this especially refers to heroin.
Most of the cases of drug overdoses which have been reported involve combinations
of tranquilizers, opiates and alcohol (Lyons, 2003).
Phrases and Words

moreover

furthermore

whats more

likewise

similarly

another key thing to remember

as well as

not only. but also

coupled with

initially

subsequently

not to mention

additionally,

in addition,

also,

besides that,

and

apart from

in addition to

such as

another

besides,

further

too

then

of equal importance

equally important

another
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Demonstrating Contrast
When writing persuasive essays, compare and contrast essays, or any essay that
focuses on giving a comprehensive view on a subject, knowing how to contrast your
main topic and subtopics with opposing information is important.
In order to fully present your main topic and its components, it is important to show
other views that are valid. Usually, these other views are shown to demonstrate which
side of the argument or issue is most appropriate to consider.
Theres a rule of writing: if everything is funny, nothing is funny; if everything is
sad, nothing is sad. You want that contrast. J. Michael Straczynski

Example of Demonstrating Contrast

Material goods are as easily lost as obtained: malfunctions, loss, theft, and other
misfortunes easily affect the material welfare of an individual who connects their
happiness only with items they possess.
At the same time, non-material factors of happiness cannot be lost so easily; in most
cases, a person must undergo severe psychological pressure or go through various life
obstacles to change in a negative way.
Phrases and Words

however,

on the other hand,

having said that,

by contrast,

by comparison,

then again,

that said,

yet

at the same time,

nonetheless,

on the contrary,

after all,

though

in contrast

nevertheless,

but

otherwise

notwithstanding

conversely,

instead,

rather

on one hand

on the other hand

a clear difference

a conflicting viewpoint

despite

even so,

for all that

still another

in another way

the antithesis of

still

and yet

of course,

or

in spite of this

actually,

a year ago,

for all that,

strangely enough,

ironically,
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Adding a Proviso or Acknowledging

Reservations
Sometimes in academic papers, it is important to note the lack of what can be said in
reference to either research or comprehensive understanding.
Writers cannot always find the perfect sources or enough information for their papers,
and not all subjects have enough information on them to warrant a comprehensive
paper.
There are things known and there are things unknown, and in between are the doors
of perception. -Aldous Huxley

Example of Adding a Proviso

Though the death penalty has had many studies done on it to record its effectiveness
in deterring criminals, the studies are usually biased and run by lobbyists.
This means that the studies, even nationally recognized ones, are often flawed based
on bias of the research team. Due to this issue, we have to rely on logical reasoning
rather than studies that tout to be exact, when in fact they are formed out of special
interests.

Phrases and Words

though

this means

due to this issue

despite this

with this in mind

provided that

in view of

in light

nonetheless

nevertheless

notwithstanding

due to a lack of

however, there are drawbacks to

due to insufficient evidence

a comprehensive view of the issue cannot be formed due to

since the claims were unsubstantiated

since the evidence was not validated

according to.the amount of information on this topic is insufficient to

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Giving Examples
It is extremely important to supply examples to your readers which will illustrate your
points. Without examples being given to illustrate your claims, a realistic picture
cannot be given to your readers of what you mean to say or what you are trying to
demonstrate.
Giving examples also makes your writing more comprehensive, showing other ways
of looking at a topic and allows readers to investigate information further. Without
giving examples in your writing, your writing can be dry, unsubstantiated, and not
well-rounded.
Really good writing, from my perspective, runs a lot like a visual on the screen. You
need to create that kind of detail and have credibility with the reader, so the reader
knows that you were really there, that you really experienced it, that you know the
details. That comes out of seeing. Ann Voskamp

Example of Giving Examples

Usually, people write in their CVs something along the lines of, Enjoy working in a
team, or Work best in a team. However, working in a team often means devaluing
the work done.
For example, if you are a lone wolf who has just accomplished a complicated project,
you get all the credit, your reputation grows faster, and you get paid more.
On the other hand, in a team, the credit cannot be given to someone specific; instead,
a team manager usually gathers everyone in a conference room and says something
like, Good job everyone.
This might be satisfying if you have a strong self-identification with your team, but
usually this is not enough. This may lead to a decrease of personal interest and
motivation in the work done. Do you want all the credit for the work done to be
shared among a number of people? (Silverton Internet College)
Phrases and Words

for instance,

for example,

on the other hand,

to give an illustration,

demonstrating this

illustrating this

specifically,

in particular,

some notable examples are

some exemplary examples of this are

an obvious example of this is

to give a brief example,

to give a simple example,

a case in point

such as

supposing

let us say that

some examples are

like

take this scenario into consideration:

imagine this situation:

to be specific,

moreover,

furthermore,

just as important

similarly,

in the same way

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Signifying Importance
When you want to show that a certain point in your writing is significant or should be
paid more attention to, you can use certain words and phrases to do so. Sometimes,
without words and phrases that mark or point out the importance of a certain point, an
essay can get disorganized.

Show what is important in order to guide others

to meaning. - Anonymous
CLICK TO TWEET

Example of Signifying Importance

Why poetry matters to the masses significantly relies on individual perception.
Notably, the subjective view of what poetrys place is in social culture can be
interpreted in a myriad ways.
The key subjective view to take into consideration is how poetry affects our
perception of what we call reality.
The main proponents of poetry claim, above all, that poetry affects individual
perception in a way that shifts ones consciousness either permanently or temporarily.
Phrases and Words

significantly

notably, .

the key to take into consideration

importantly

indeed

without a doubt

undoubtedly

certainly

surely

to repeat,

of course

by all means

make no mistake,

ultimately, is the greatest we have.

above all,

first and foremost

again,

to be sure,

in fact,

as a matter of fact,

as I have said,

as have been noted,

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Summarizing
When you have written a large chunk of information, it is important to summarize
information for your readers so they can firmly grasp what has been presented.
Summarizing can seem simple, but in fact, it is an art. It takes great effort to write
simply and coherently about a vast amount of information, and to make it come
together as a cohesive whole in writing.
If I had to summarize, most broadly, my concerns as a writer, Id say the question
How then must we live? is at the heart of it, for me. Claire Messud

Example of Summarizing
Overall, we can see the effect that video games have on modern American children.
Studies have shown that rampant attention deficit disorder in America coincides
directly with the amount of video game usage among children of 6-13 years of age.

Also, with conclusive evidence, we can see how these games are tangibly tied to
outward violence at school, as the studies mentioned before illustrated that the actions
seen by children within certain games were reenacted in real life (usually in the school
yard).
As a last note, I would like to add that the issues associated with the link between
video games and children is ever-increasing, and the United States government should
take action against the high usage of such games among youth in order to salvage
whatever we have left of a stable American society.
Phrases and Words

as a last note,

conclusive evidence

overall

in conclusion

above all

compelling

all things considered

at last

in summary,

to summarize,

to conclude

in light of all these

on the whole

in summation,

to sum up,

in sum,

in short,

in brief,

to repeat,

briefly,

finally,

therefore

as I have said

as you can see

in a nutshell,

to recap,

to give you a digest of

to give you a snippet of

here is a regurgitation of

here is a run through of

here is a run down of

it all boils down to the fact that

to get the meat of the issue

as was previously stated,

as has been mentioned,

given these points,

as has been noted,

to put it briefly,

consequently,

in consequence,

altogether,

in a word,

in the end,

thus,

as I have shown,

hence,

accordingly,

as a result
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Stating Your Opinion

In many types of essays, you will need to state your opinion about the main issue
contained in your essay. Supplying your opinion can make your essay more personal
and multi-dimensional. Often, teachers ask students to give their opinion on heated
topics to demonstrate critical thinking.

Our opinions become fixed at the point where

we stop thinking. Ernest Renan
CLICK TO TWEET

Example of Stating Your Opinion

To tell the truth, I barely managed to finish reading, The Hunger Games. After
reading such novels as 1984, Brave New World, Dr. Strangelove, or even the
recent Metro 2033, where dystopia and the post-apocalypse are shown in all their
grimness, The Hunger Games looks, to put it mildly, unconvincing.
This is perhaps the best word to describe literally everything in this novel, starting
with the main characters and ending with the world events that take place. If you are a
logical person able to think critically, try not to take this book too close to heart.
Phrases and Words

to tell the truth,

to put it mildly,

in my experience,

as far as Im concerned,

speaking for myself,

in my opinion,

personally, I think

I would say that

I would suggest that

I would like to point out that

I believe that

what I mean is

it is unjustifiable to say that

to my mind

if you ask me

to my way of thinking

in my view

what I think is that

as for me

for me

if you ask me

the way I see it

as far as I am concerned

from my point of view

I hold the opinion that

my impression is that

I consider

my conviction is that

I am under the impression that

speaking personally,

I dare say that

I gather that

I have no doubt that

I hold the view that

I believe that

as far as I understand

as far as I can see

in my perception

as I see it,

according to me,

I agree with this view/opinion

I agree with this point of view, but

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About the Author

Nicholas Klacsanzky is a professional technical writer and editor. He is currently the
content coordinator of AcademicHelp.net, a website dedicated to housing a one-stop
online guide to writing that benefits students and professionals alike.

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introduction phrases
Establishing the importance of the topic:
One of the most significant current discussions in..
X is the leading cause of in western industrialised countries.
X is a common disorder characterised by
In the new global economy, X has become a central issue for
In the history of development economics, X has been thought of as a key
factor in .
X is an increasingly important area in applied linguistics.
X is at the heart of our understanding of
Establishing the importance of the topic (time frame given):
Recent developments in X have heightened the need for
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in
Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in

Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in

The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many .
The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field
of
Over the past century there has been a dramatic increase in
Highlighting a problem in the field of study:
However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect
However, a major problem with this kind of application is
Despite its, X suffers from several major drawbacks:
However, research has consistently shown that..
Questions have been raised about .
Highlighting a controversy in the field of study:
To date there has been little agreement on what
More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings
about ..
This concept has recently been challenged by . studies
demonstrating .

Questions have been raised about.

The issue has grown in importance in light of recent
Focus, aim, argument:
This paper will focus on/examine/give an account of
This essay seeks to remedy these problems by analyisng the literature of

The objectives of this research are to determine whether

This paper seeks to address the following questions:
This essay critically examines/discusses/traces
The purpose of this paper is to review recent research into the
This paper will review the research conducted on
This chapter reviews the literature concerning the usefulness of using

The aim of this paper is to determine/examine

The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate ..
In this paper I argue that ..
In the pages that follow, it will be argued that
This paper attempts to show that
In this essay, I attempt to defend the view that
Outline of structure:
The main questions/issues addressed in this paper are: a), b and c).
This paper has been divided into four parts. The first part deals with
The essay has been organised in the following way.
This paper first gives a brief overview of the recent history of X.
This paper reviews the evidence for ..
This paper begins by It will then go on to
The first section of this paper will examine
Finally, .
Chapter 2 begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the
research, and looks at how
Chapter 3 describes the design, synthesis, characterization and
evaluation of
The last chapter assesses the

Explaining Keywords
While a variety of definitions of the term X have been suggested, this
paper will use the definition first suggested by Smith (1968) who saw it
as .
Throughout this paper the term X will refer to/will be used to refer to
.
In this article the acronym/abbreviation XYZ will be used.
Source: www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk

Introductions
The basic outline of a writing introduction is:

A background statement about the topic (very general)

More specific information on the topic
A statement of the organizational framework outline (this narrows the
topic from general information down to a specific viewpoint and states the
controlling ideas of the essay and the intention of the writer)
A statement of the writers viewpoint (stance) (sometimes called
a thesis statement)
Use Introduction phrases

How to write a basic

introduction
Example introduction:
Environmental pollution and natural sources shortage for people
are serious problems. Most countries try to find viable alternative
energy sources. It is important for counties as well as citizens to
work together in declining fossil fuel usage. This essay will focus on
how to use alternative energy efficiently in China and the
detrimental aspects of the adaption.
Same introduction with highlighted structure:
Environmental pollution and natural sources shortage for people
are serious problems(general). Most countries try to find viable
alternative energy sources. It is important for counties as well as
citizens to work together in declining fossil fuel usage (specific). This
essay will focus on how to use alternative energy efficiently in
China (outline) and the detrimental aspects of the adaption (thesis
statement).
_____________________________________________________________
___

How to write an academic

introduction
Technology, it seems, exists in nearly every facet of life, and this is true in the domain of
English language teaching and learning. It is certainly the case that many institutions
these days are equipped with the latest technology, and as Teeler and Gray (2000:1) point
out, the pressures on teachers to become technologically literate are increasing. What is
interesting, however, is that while some teachers embrace technology, others are not
persuaded by it at all (Kling, 1996; Black, 2008), even though research has acknowledged
that classroom technology is academically effective (Cuban, 1986:5). And so the aim of
this essay is to discover how technology is used in a classroom situation to enhance the
teaching and learning experience. This will be done through a series of observations of
qualified and experienced teachers who are technology proficient, and data will be
collected by means of an O.I (observation instrument).
The first section provides a rationale for the design and the implementation of the O.I.
The next section discusses the effectiveness of the tool, and also provides a rationale for
the changes made. The final section will discuss the findings of the observations before
moving on to an overall evaluation of the value and success of the tool.
(Stuckey, M. 2012)

Topic Sentences
Topic Sentence / paragraph Leader / Controlling idea

Is a strong first sentence which presents the main idea of your paragraph.

Topic sentences make a point and then the paragraph gives reasons or examples to support
it.

They usually start a paragraph.

Often short, clear, simple and to the point.

The topic sentence must connect to the main

body of the paragraph
Many fast-food chains make their profits from adding a
special ingredient called forget sauce to their
foods. Made largely from edible oil products, this condiment is
never listed on the menu. In addition, this well-kept industry secret
is the reason why ingredients are never listed on the packaging of
victuals sold by these restaurants. Forget sauce has a chemical
property which causes temporary amnesia in consumers. After
spending too much money on barely edible food bereft of any
nutritional value, most consumers swear they will never repeat such
a disagreeable experience. Within a short period, however, the
chemical in forget sauce takes effect, and they can be depended
upon to return and spend, older but no wiser.
_________________________________________________
_______________

Analysis of the paragraph:

look at how a good topic

sentence connects to all the paragraph

Many fast food chains make their profits from adding a

special ingredient called forget sauce to their foods
Made from largely edible oil products, this condiment is never
listed on the menu
In addition, this well kept industry secret is the reason
why ingredients are never listed on the packaging of
victuals sold by these restaurants.
Forget sauce has a chemical property which causes
temporary amnesia in consumers.
After spending too much money on barely edible food bereft of any
nutritional value, most consumers swear they will never repeat such
a disagreeable experience.
Within a short period, however, the chemical in forget sauce takes
effect, and they can be depended upon return and spend, older but
no wiser
source: http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/partopic.html

_________________________________________________
_______________________________
c

More examples:
Example 1:

Margaret Thatchers policies were dominated by

the philosophy of individualfreedom and selfreliance. During the years of the Thatcher governments Britons
experienced cuts in welfare payments and drastic legal restrictions on
trade unions. Public industries were sold off to private investors
in the belief that the free market would deliverprosperity to all.
c
_________________________________________________
_______________________________
C
Example 2:

One of the strongest arguments in favour of a relaxed

approach toimmigration is that the UK
benefits economically from immigrant labour. Research
shows that countries with high levels of immigration are
economically successfuland that there is a correlation between a
mobile labour force and economic prosperity.Immigration serves
as an important source of both skilled and unskilled labour in the UK
which has come to depend on migrants to plug gaps in its skilled
professions and to do jobs that the local population are unwilling to
do.
c
_________________________________________________
_______________________________
C
Academic Paragraph example:

C
2.1. The Changes with Ageing
c
The changes with ageing might influence older
peoples purchasing behaviourand online usage. The process of
ageing continues through human life. It starts early and gradually
develops, and people tend to feel the effects of ageing from middle to the
later stages of their life (Bond et al. 2007). After reaching around age
50, people tend to experience various changes that can affect older
consumers behaviour (Pak and Kambil 2006). From perspective of
gerontology, Bond et al. (2007) propose three theoretical perspectives
about ageing: biological, psychological and social changes. Regarding
biological perspective, they describe the decline in cells and
tissues. These changes cause a deterioration of peoples vision, hearing,
muscles, skin and overall body shape, and then the biological changes
influence older peoples physical abilities of mobility and flexibility (Pak
and Kambil 2006). They would affect their needs and choices of
products and services in order to supplement the declines. Concerning
the Internet, Mcmellon and Schiffman (2002) suggest it would be
beneficial for older peoples to use the Internet for a way of

communication, information search and financial matters due to their

limited mobility. Psychological transitions emerge as a distortion of
cognitive capability, especially, in terms of the decline of memory and
information processing capabilities (Pak and Kambil 2006). For
example, the differences can impact cognitive processes underlying
brand awareness and information searches, and then attitude towards
learning new information tends to decline with ageing
(ibid). Finally, social changes mean that the role and network sift in
family and social place (Bond et al. 2007). Some of the elderly who have
married children tend to have grandchildren and others might start to
prepare retirement or retire earlier. Some older people tend to ask their
children for advice abouttheir purchases in order to complement
their lack of knowledge about new products and services (Baron 2008).
As a result of these three changes: biological, psychological and
sociological, their consumption pattern can be affected such as the
increase in spending for travel or gifts for grandchildren (Pak and
Kambil 2006). However, Bond et al. (2007) comment the changes vary
from peoples gene, lifestyle and attitude to life. In addition, they also
mention biological ageing tends to connect with chronological age,
whereas psychological and sociological changes differ from individuals
even if chronological age is same (ibid). Therefore, it would be necessary
to take account individual difference when their behaviours are
examined.

Thesis statements
The thesis is really just the main idea, the point you are trying to make in
your paper. The thesis statement controls and directs everything you say in
the paper. But dont worry! If, as you continue writing, you discover that
you are really writing about something entirely different from this original
thesis, you can go back and rewrite the thesis so that it connects to the ideas
in the paper.

Simple Example:

We went on holiday to Canada last year

The holiday to Canada last year was a disaster (a thesis statement)

Important points for a thesis statement

1.
The main idea, or thesis, should give your readers a clear and
specific idea of your topic.
2.
The main idea should also include some opinion about the topic.
3.
The main idea can be thought of as a one or two sentence
summary of the whole writing project.
4.
It is often a good idea to state your main idea in the introduction
More thesis statement examples:
(blue= good thesis statements)

The jury voted for acquital in the Floyd murder case.

The jury in the Floyd murder case voted wrongly for acquital,
because the evidence clearly proved his guilt.
Many teen-agers drop out of school.
A large number of teen-agers drop out of high school because
teachers do not do enough to make learning interesting.
Some astronomers do not consider Pluto to be a planet.
Because it is so small and so distant from the sun, Pluto should not
be classified as a planet.
Duke Ellington was a bandleader, pianist, songwriter and
composer.
Duke Ellington was one of the most important and versatile
composers of the 20th Century.
Source: http://writesite.cuny.edu/projects/stages/draft/thesis/index.html

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Academic Thesis Statements

Some people believe that this company has paid too much on its
internationalization but has not got the enough return.

Nevertheless, the most serious threats that Lenovo have faced is the
intense competition in computer area.However, the company has not
monetized the mobile user base, it limits the revenues. And it also could
be a serious threat, since mobile usage is substituting PC usage.
This paper will focus on how Starbucks can take the opportunities of
growing potential in main Asian market and explore the threats which
is the increasing raw materials price.

Conclusions
A conclusion is a signal that you have finished your writing and to
leave them with a clear impression that you have achieved your
purpose(s) of the essay.

A summary of the main points (being careful not to repeat exactly what you have said
already)
Concluding statements drawn from the points you have made in the main body(must
connect to thesis statement)
Suggestions / recommendations / predictions for action to be taken from information in the
main body (must connect to opportunities if doing a SWOT analysis)
No new information and everything most connect to the main body

Important:
The conclusion should not include new points or ideas everything
should have been discussed in the main body
Effective conclusions progress from a Specific statement to
a General statement (the opposite of an introduction)
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____________________

Example phrases:
Conclusions: In conclusion, to conclude, to sum up
Suggestions: The evidence suggests that In general, therefore, it
seems that An implication of this is the possibility that The
findings of this study suggest that
Recommendations: There is, therefore, a definite need for
There are a number of important changes which need to be made.
Another important practical implication is that

more conclusion phrases

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_____________

How to write a basic conclusion

Example Conclusion:
In conclusion, people have a responsibility to protect the
environment and governements need to heighten their
environmental awareness. The most significant point is that
governmental policy applies alternative energy sources to the
development of infrastructure. Especially, individuals, science
institutions and governments should emphasize the significance of
effective utilization of alternative energy sources usage effectively
and cooperate with each other.
Same conclusion with structure highlighted:
In conclusion, people have a responsibility to protect the
environment and governements need to heighten their
environmental awareness (main points summarised). The most
significant point is that governmental policy applies alternative
energy sources to the development of infrastructure (main
concluding point) Especially, individuals, science institutions and
governments should emphasize the significance of effective
utilization of alternative energy sources usage effectively and
cooperate with each other(recommendation).
_________________________________________________
____________

How to write an academic

Conclusion
To sum up, the overall level of uncertainty concerning how Russia will
deal with the consequences of the WTO membership is rather high. The
agricultural issues are not an exception here. The new international
trade rules together with restrictions of the government support can

lead to uneasy times for the national producers of agricultural products.

Economic decline, the rise of unemployment and destructive social
movement is not something unrealistic or inconceivable. Hence, the
whole country might suffer from the drawbacks through the agricultural
sector. This imposes a great responsibility on state officials. It might
sound too paternalistic and idealistic but their mission is to help the
country and its people to be competitive in the global economic arena.
Not only purely professional but also a moral obligation of public
administrators to create proper conditions to overcome difficulties
which might ensue from Russia-WTO related commitments.
Fortunately, Russia has some freedom to do this. This country can
allocate public financial funds to support farmers; it can launch
infrastructural projects or diversify the national industry in general.
There are a range of solutions, although not unlimited could be seen as
unreasonable. Hopefully, thoughtful response from the Russian
government on the agricultural challenges associated with the WTO,
which were discussed in this paper, will at least secure the situation
against deterioration and will keep the state of affairs at the current
level.
(Fasgiev, T. 2012)
Should raise awareness against
Should be proud of his history/humanity8