OA03a:Newton'sLawsand2Dkinematics

Due:11:59pmonWednesday,August31,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy

ABookonaTable
Abookweighing5Nrestsontopofatable.

PartA
Adownwardforceofmagnitude5Nisexertedonthebookbytheforceof
ANSWER:
thetable
gravity

inertia

Correct

PartB
Anupwardforceofmagnitude_____isexertedonthe_____bythetable.
ANSWER:
6N/table
5N/table
5N/book
6N/book

Correct

PartC
DothedownwardforceinPartAandtheupwardforceinPartBconstitutea3rdlawpair?

Hint1.Theforceofgravity
Theforceofgravityisanothernamefortheforceexertedbytheearth(oranyastronomicalobject)onobjects
nearitssurface.

Hint2.ExploringNewton's3rdlaw
IndicatewhetherthefollowingstatementsaboutNewton's3rdlawaretrue,false,orindeterminate.
1.AccordingtoNewton's3rdlaw,everyrealforcehasauniquepairforce.
2.Thepairforceiscalleda"fictitiousforce."
3.Theforceandpairforcemustactondifferentpointmasses.
4.Theforceandthepairforcemustalwayshavethesamemagnitudeandmustalsoactinexactly
oppositedirections.
Entertfortrue,fforfalse,oriforindeterminateforeachstatement,separatingtheanswerswithcommas
(e.g.,ifallbutthefirststatementweretrue,youwouldenterf,t,t,t).
ANSWER:
, , ,

t f t t

ANSWER:
yes
no

Correct

PartD
ThereactiontotheforceinPartAisaforceofmagnitude_____,exertedonthe_____bythe_____.Itsdirectionis
_____.

Hint1.Theforceofgravity
Theforceofgravityisanothernamefortheforceexertedbytheearth(oranyastronomicalobject)onobjects
nearitssurface.
ANSWER:
5N/earth/book/upward
5N/book/table/upward
5N/book/earth/upward
5N/earth/book/downward

Correct

PartE
ThereactiontotheforceinPartBisaforceofmagnitude_____,exertedonthe_____bythe_____.Itsdirectionis
_____.
ANSWER:
5N/table/book/upward
5N/table/earth/upward
5N/book/table/upward
5N/table/book/downward
5N/earth/book/downward

Correct

PartF
WhichofNewton'slawscouldwehaveusedtopredictthattheforcesinPartsAandBareequalandopposite?
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
Newton's1stlaw
Newton's2ndlaw
Newton's3rdlaw

Correct
Sincethebookisatrest,eitherNewton's1stor2ndlawcantellusthatthenetforceonitmustbezero.This
meansthattheforceexertedonitbytheearthmustbeequalandoppositetotheforceexertedonitbythetable.

PartG
WhichofNewton'slawscouldwehaveusedtopredictthattheforcesinPartsBandEareequalandopposite?
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
Newton's1stlaw
Newton's2ndlaw
Newton's3rdlaw

Correct

TwoHangingMasses
TwoblockswithmassesM1 andM2 hangoneundertheother.Forthisproblem,takethepositivedirectiontobeupward,
andusegforthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationduetogravity.

Case1:Blocksatrest
ForPartsAandBassumetheblocksareatrest.

PartA
FindT2 ,thetensioninthelowerrope.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesM1 ,M2 ,andg.

Hint1.Freebodydiagram
Isolatethelowerblock(massM2 )byconsideringjusttheforcesthatactonit.UseNewton's2ndlawwhile
notingthattheaccelerationofthisblockiszero.

Hint2.Sumofforces
Writedownthesumoftheycomponentsofalltheforcesactingonthelowerblock.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesM1 ,M2 ,T2 andg.
ANSWER:
=

F 2y = M2 a2 = 0

T2 M2 g

ANSWER:
T2

M2 g

Correct

PartB
FindT1 ,thetensionintheupperrope.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesM1 ,M2 ,andg.

Hint1.Sumofforces

Writedownthesumoftheycomponentsofalltheforcesactingontheupperblock.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesM1 ,M2 ,T1 ,T2 ,andg.
ANSWER:
F 1y = 0

T1 T2 M1 g

ANSWER:
T1

(M1 + M2 )g

Correct

Case2:Acceleratingblocks
ForPartsCandDtheblocksarenowacceleratingupward(duetothetensioninthestrings)withaccelerationofmagnitude
a.

PartC
FindT2 ,thetensioninthelowerrope.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesM1 ,M2 ,a,andg.

Hint1.Sumofforces
ApplyNewton's2ndlaw, Fy

,tothelowerblock.Writethesumoftheycomponentsoftheforces.

= M2 a

ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesM1 ,M2 ,T2 andg.

ANSWER:
=

F 2y = M2 a

T2 M2 g

ANSWER:
T2

M2 a + M2 g

Correct
Good!Nownoticethataccelerationactsinthetensionequationthesamewaythatgravitydoes.Ifwelookata
limitingcaseinwhichtheblockofmassM2 isinfreefall,acceleratingdownwardwitha = g,thenthetension
goestozero.

PartD
FindT1 ,thetensionintheupperrope.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesM1 ,M2 ,a,andg.

Hint1.Sumofforces
Considertheblockofmass

asanisolatedsystemandapplyNewton's2ndlaw,

,withthe

ConsidertheblockofmassM1 asanisolatedsystemandapplyNewton's2ndlaw, Fy
valueofT2 foundinthepreviouspart.

,withthe

= M1 a

ANSWER:
T1

(M1 + M2 )a + (M1 + M2 )g

Correct
Theforceexertedbyaropeisaresultoftherope'stensionandpointsalongtherope.

ConceptualQuestion5.04

PartA
Theforceoffrictionbetweentwosurfacesisindependentoftheareaofcontactbetweenthesurfaces.
ANSWER:
True
False

Correct

ConceptualQuestion5.05

PartA
Thecoefficientofstaticfrictionisalwayslargerthanthecoefficientofkineticfriction.
ANSWER:
True
False

Correct

ContactForcesIntroduced
LearningGoal:
Tointroducecontactforces(normalandfrictionforces)andtounderstandthat,exceptforfrictionforcesundercertain
circumstances,theseforcesmustbedeterminedfrom:netForce=ma.
Twosolidobjectscannotoccupythesamespaceatthesametime.Indeed,whentheobjectstouch,theyexertrepulsive
normalforcesoneachother,aswellasfrictionalforcesthatresisttheirslippingrelativetoeachother.Thesecontactforces
arisefromacomplexinterplaybetweentheelectrostaticforcesbetweentheelectronsandionsintheobjectsandthelaws
ofquantummechanics.Astwosurfacesarepushedtogethertheseforcesincreaseexponentiallyoveranatomicdistance

scale,easilybecomingstrongenoughtodistortthebulkmaterialintheobjectsiftheyapproachtooclose.Ineveryday
experience,contactforcesarelimitedbythedeformationoraccelerationoftheobjects,ratherthanbythefundamental
interatomicforces.Hence,wecanconcludethefollowing:

Themagnitudeofcontactforcesisdeterminedby F = ma,thatis,bytheotherforceson,andaccelerationof,the
contactingbodies.Theonlyexceptionisthatthefrictionalforcescannotexceedn(althoughtheycanbesmallerthanthis
orevenzero).

Normalandfrictionforces
Twotypesofcontactforcesoperateintypicalmechanicsproblems,thenormalandfrictionalforces,usuallydesignatedby
nand f (or F f ric ,orsomethingsimilar)respectively.Thesearethecomponentsoftheoverallcontactforce: n
perpendiculartoandf paralleltotheplaneofcontact.

Kineticfrictionwhensurfacesslide
Whenonesurfaceisslidingpasttheother,experimentsshowthreethingsaboutthefrictionforce(denotedf k ):
1.Thefrictionalforceopposestherelativemotionatthepointofcontact,
2.f k isproportionaltothenormalforce,and
3.theratioofthemagnitudeofthefrictionalforcetothatofthenormalforceisfairlyconstantoverawiderange
ofspeeds.

Theconstantofproportionalityiscalledthecoefficientofkineticfriction,oftendesignatedk .Aslongasthesliding
continues,thefrictionalforceisthen
f

= n
k

(validwhenthesurfacesslidebyeachother).

Staticfrictionwhensurfacesdon'tslide
Whenthereisnorelativemotionofthesurfaces,thefrictionalforcecanassumeanyvaluefromzerouptoamaximum
n ,where isthecoefficientofstaticfriction.Invariably, islargerthan ,inagreementwiththeobservationthat
s
s
s
k
whenaforceislargeenoughthatsomethingbreakslooseandstartstoslide,itoftenaccelerates.
Thefrictionalforceforsurfaceswithnorelativemotionistherefore
fs n
s

(validwhenthecontactingsurfaceshavenorelativemotion).

Theactualmagnitudeanddirectionofthestaticfrictionforcearesuchthatit(togetherwithotherforcesontheobject)
causestheobjecttoremainmotionlesswithrespecttothecontactingsurfaceaslongasthestaticfrictionforcerequired
doesnotexceeds n .Theequationf s = s nisvalidonlywhenthesurfacesareonthevergeofsliding.

PartA
Whentwoobjectsslidebyoneanother,whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheforceoffrictionbetweenthem,is
true?
ANSWER:
Thefrictionalforceisalwaysequaltok n .
Thefrictionalforceisalwayslessthank n .
Thefrictionalforceisdeterminedbyotherforcesontheobjectssoitcanbeeitherequaltoorlessthan
.

k n

Correct

PartB
Whentwoobjectsareincontactwithnorelativemotion,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefrictionalforce
betweenthem,istrue?
ANSWER:
Thefrictionalforceisalwaysequaltos n .
Thefrictionalforceisalwayslessthans n .
Thefrictionalforceisdeterminedbyotherforcesontheobjectssoitcanbeeitherequaltoorlessthans n .

Correct
Forstaticfriction,theactualmagnitudeanddirectionofthefrictionforcearesuchthatit,togetherwithanyother
forcespresent,willcausetheobjecttohavetheobservedacceleration.Themagnitudeoftheforcecannotexceed
n .Ifthemagnitudeofstaticfrictionneededtokeepaccelerationequaltozeroexceeds n ,thentheobjectwill
s
s
slidesubjecttotheresistanceofkineticfriction.Donotautomaticallyassumethatf s = s nunlessyouare
consideringasituationinwhichthemagnitudeofthestaticfrictionforceisaslargeaspossible(i.e.,when
determiningatwhatpointanobjectwilljustbegintoslip).Whethertheactualmagnitudeofthefrictionforceis0,
lessthans n ,orequaltos n dependsonthemagnitudeoftheotherforces(ifany)aswellastheaccelerationof
theobjectthrough F =

ma

PartC
Whenaboardwithaboxonitisslowlytiltedtolargerandlargerangle,commonexperienceshowsthattheboxwillat
somepoint"breakloose"andstarttoacceleratedowntheboard.
TheboxbeginstoslideoncethecomponentofgravityactingparalleltotheboardFg justbeginstoexceedsthe
maximumforceofstaticfriction.Whichofthefollowingisthemostgeneralexplanationforwhytheboxaccelerates
downtheboard?
ANSWER:
Theforceofkineticfrictionissmallerthanthatofmaximumstaticfriction,butFg remainsthesame.
Oncetheboxismoving,Fg issmallerthantheforceofmaximumstaticfrictionbutlargerthantheforceof
kineticfriction.
Oncetheboxismoving,Fg islargerthantheforceofmaximumstaticfriction.
Whentheboxisstationary,Fg equalstheforceofstaticfriction,butoncetheboxstartsmoving,thesliding
reducesthenormalforce,whichinturnreducesthefriction.

Correct
Atthepointwhentheboxfinallydoes"breakloose,"youknowthatthecomponentofthebox'sweightthatis
paralleltotheboardjustexceedss n (i.e.,thiscomponentofgravitationalforceontheboxhasjustreacheda
magnitudesuchthattheforceofstaticfriction,whichhasamaximumvalueofs n ,cannolongeropposeit.)For
theboxtothenaccelerate,theremustbeanetforceontheboxalongtheboard.Thus,thecomponentofthe
box'sweightparalleltotheboardmustbegreaterthantheforceofkineticfriction.Thereforetheforceofkinetic
frictionk n mustbelessthantheforceofstaticfrictions n whichimpliesk < s ,asexpected.

PartD
ConsideraprobleminwhichacarofmassM isonaroadtiltedatanangle.Thenormalforce
Selectthebestanswer.

ANSWER:
n

= Mg

= M g cos()

n=

Mg

cos()

isfoundusing F =

M a

Correct
ThekeypointisthatcontactforcesmustbedeterminedfromNewton'sequation.Intheproblemdescribedabove,
thereisnotenoughinformationgiventodeterminethenormalforce(e.g.,theaccelerationisunknown).Eachof
theansweroptionsisvalidundersomeconditions( = 0,thecarisslidingdownanicyincline,orthecarisgoing
aroundabankedturn),butinfactnoneislikelytobecorrectifthereareotherforcesonthecarorifthecaris
accelerating.Donotmemorizevaluesforthenormalforcevalidindifferentproblemsyoumustdeterminenfrom

F = ma

VideoTutor:TensioninStringbetweenHangingWeights
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofanexperiment.
Then,closethevideowindowandanswerthequestionatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.

PartA
Considerthevideotutorialyoujustwatched.Supposethatweduplicatethisexperimentalsetupinanelevator.What
willthespringscalereadiftheelevatorismovingupwardatconstantspeed?

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Whatdoesthephrase"atconstantspeed"implyabouttheaccelerationofthesystem?
ANSWER:
18N
0N
Lessthan18Nbutgreaterthan0N
Morethan18N

Correct
Sincetheelevatorisnotaccelerating,thereadingonthescaleisthesameasinthevideo.

ConceptualQuestionsonNewton's1stand2ndLaws
LearningGoal:
TounderstandthemeaningandthebasicapplicationsofNewton's1stand2ndlaws.
Inthisproblem,youaregivenadiagramrepresentingthemotion
ofanobjectamotiondiagram.Thedotsrepresenttheobject's
positionatmomentsseparatedbyequalintervalsoftime.The
dotsareconnectedbyarrowsrepresentingtheobject'saverage
velocityduringthecorrespondingtimeinterval.
Yourgoalistousethismotiondiagramtodeterminethedirection
ofthenetforceactingontheobject.Youwillthendetermine
whichforcediagramsandwhichsituationsmaycorrespondto
suchamotion.

PartA
WhatisthedirectionofthenetforceactingontheobjectatpositionA?

Hint1.UsingNewton's2ndlaw

AccordingtoNewton's2ndlaw,vectorsaandF net
havethesamedirection.Canyoudeterminethedirectionof
accelerationatpositionAbyanalyzingthediagram?

ANSWER:
upward
downward
totheleft
totheright
Thenetforceiszero.

Correct
ThevelocityvectorsconnectingpositionAtotheadjacentpositionsappeartohavethesamemagnitudeand
direction.Therefore,theaccelerationiszeroandsoisthenetforce.

PartB
WhatisthedirectionofthenetforceactingontheobjectatpositionB?

ANSWER:
upward
downward
totheleft
totheright
Thenetforceiszero.

Correct
Thevelocityisdirectedtotherighthowever,itisdecreasing.Therefore,theaccelerationisdirectedtotheleft
andsoisthenetforce.

PartC
WhatisthedirectionofthenetforceactingontheobjectatpositionC?

Hint1.Considerthecomponentsofthevelocity
Thehorizontalcomponentofthevelocityappearstoremainconstant.Whatabouttheverticalone?
ANSWER:
upward
downward
totheleft
totheright
Thenetforceiszero.

Correct
Thehorizontalcomponentofthevelocitydoesnotchange.Theverticalcomponentofthevelocityincreases.
Therefore,theaccelerationandthenetforcearedirectedstraightdownward.

Thenextfourquestionsarerelatedtotheforcediagramsnumbered1to6.Thesediagramsrepresenttheforcesactingona
movingobject.Thenumbernexttoeacharrowrepresentsthe
magnitudeoftheforceinnewtons.

PartD

WhichofthesediagramsmaypossiblycorrespondtothesituationatpointAonthemotiondiagram?
Type,inincreasingorder,thenumberscorrespondingtothecorrectdiagrams.Donotusecommas.For
instance,ifyouthinkthatonlydiagrams3and4arecorrect,type34.
ANSWER:
6

Correct

PartE
WhichofthesediagramsmaypossiblycorrespondtothesituationatpointBonthemotiondiagram?
Type,inincreasingorder,thenumberscorrespondingtothecorrectdiagrams.Donotusecommas.For
instance,ifyouthinkthatonlydiagrams3and4arecorrect,type34.
ANSWER:
35

Correct

PartF
WhichofthesediagramsmaypossiblycorrespondtothesituationatpointConthemotiondiagram?
Type,inincreasingorder,thenumberscorrespondingtothecorrectdiagrams.Donotusecommas.For
instance,ifyouthinkthatonlydiagrams3and4arecorrect,type34.
ANSWER:
24

Correct

PartG
Whichofthesediagramscorrespondtoasituationwherethemovingobject(notnecessarilytheoneshowninthe
motiondiagram)ischangingitsvelocity?
Type,inincreasingorder,thenumberscorrespondingtothecorrectdiagrams.Donotusecommas.For
instance,ifyouthinkthatonlydiagrams3and4arecorrect,type34.

Hint1.Whatdoesachangeinvelocitymean?
Ifthevelocityofthemovingobjectischanging,thenetforceappliedtotheobjectmustbe__________.
ANSWER:

directedtotheright
directedtotheleft
directedupward
directeddownward
directedthesamewayasthevelocity
directedoppositetothevelocity
ofmagnitudegreaterthanzero

ANSWER:
12345

Correct
Considerthefollowingsituations:
A.Acarismovingalongastraightroadataconstantspeed.
B.Acarismovingalongastraightroadwhileslowingdown.
C.Acarismovingalongastraightroadwhilespeedingup.
D.Ahockeypuckslidesalongahorizontalicy(frictionless)surface.
E.Ahockeypuckslidesalongaroughconcretesurface.
F.Acockroachisspeedingupfromrest.
G.Arockisthrownhorizontallyairresistanceisnegligible.
H.Arockisthrownhorizontallyairresistanceissubstantial.
I.Arockisdroppedverticallyairresistanceisnegligible.
J.Arockisdroppedverticallyairresistanceissubstantial.

PartH
WhichofthesesituationsdescribethemotionshowninthemotiondiagramatpointA?
Typetheletterscorrespondingtoalltherightanswersinalphabeticalorder.Donotusecommas.Forinstance,
ifyouthinkthatonlysituationsCandDarecorrect,typeCD.
ANSWER:
AD

Correct

PartI
WhichofthesesituationsdescribethemotionshowninthemotiondiagramatpointB?
Typetheletterscorrespondingtoalltherightanswersinalphabeticalorder.Donotusecommas.Forinstance,
ifyouthinkthatonlysituationsCandDarecorrect,typeCD.
ANSWER:
BE

Correct

PartJ
WhichofthesesituationsdescribethemotionshowninthemotiondiagramatpointC?
Typetheletterscorrespondingtoalltherightanswersinalphabeticalorder.Donotusecommas.Forinstance,
ifyouthinkthatonlysituationsCandDarecorrect,typeCD.
ANSWER:
G

Correct

PrelectureConceptQuestion4.06
PartA
Alargetruckcollidesheadonwithasmallcar.Thecarisseverelydamagedasaresultofthecollision.Accordingto
Newton'sthirdlaw,howdotheforcesactingbetweenthetruckandcarcompareduringthecollision?
ANSWER:
Thetruckdoesnotexertaforceonthecarduringthecollision.
Theforceonthetruckissmallerthantheforceonthecar.
Theforceonthetruckisequaltotheforceonthecar.
Thecardoesnotexertaforceonthetruckduringthecollision.
Theforceonthetruckislargerthantheforceonthecar.

Correct

VideoTutor:WeighingaHoveringMagnet
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofanexperiment.
Then,closethevideowindowandanswerthequestionsatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatanypoint.

PartA
Considerthevideotutorialyoujustwatched.Supposethatwerepeattheexperiment,butthistimewereplacethe
original56gmagnetwithamorepowerfulmagnetofthesamemass.

Asyouknowfromexperience,themorepowerfulamagnetis,themorestronglyitattractsorrepelsothermagnetsor
magneticobjects.Youhavealsoprobablynoticedthatmagneticforcesfalloffsharplywithdistancetwomagnetsthat
interactstronglyacrossadistanceofmillimetersinteractmoreweaklyatadistanceofacentimeter.(Infact,the
strengthoftheforcefallsoffwiththesquareofthedistance.)
Withthemagnethoveringabovethebase,whatwillthescaleread?Thescalehasbeenzeroed(tared)tosubtractthe
weightofthebase.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Heresthekey:Becausethemagnethoversmotionlessabovethebase,itsweightexactlycounterstheupward
magneticrepulsionexertedonitbythebase.
Hence,wecandrawfreebodydiagramsforthemagnetandthebase:

Aswejustsaid,F baseonmagnet
hasthesamemagnitudeaswmagnet .AndbecauseF baseonmagnet
and

F magnetonbase

constituteaNewtonsthirdlawpair,theyalsohaveequalmagnitudes.

Thescalereadingreflectstheforceexertedbythebaseonthescale,whichisequalinmagnitudetothenormal
forcenexertedbythescaleonthebase.(Thesetwoforcesconstituteanotherthirdlawpair.)
Giventheabovefacts,isitpossibletochangethescalereadingbychangingthestrengthofthemagnet?
ANSWER:
Lessthan56gbutgreaterthan0g
0g
Morethan56g
56g
56g

Correct
Inequilibrium,thebasemustpushuponthemagnetwithaforceequaltotheweightofthemagnet,andthe
magnetwillexertanequalbutoppositeforceonthebase.Thereadingonthescalewillnotchange.

PartB
Comparedtothemagnetinthevideo,themagnetinPartAwillhoverataposition

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem

Recallthattheforcesbetweenthemagnetandthebaseweakenwithincreasingdistance.Themagnethoversat
thedistancewhereitsweightisbalancedbythemagneticrepulsionofthebase:

Thefactthatourcurrentmagnetisstrongerthantheoneinthevideomeansthatthemagneticforcesbetweenit
andthebasewillbestrongeratanygivendistance.Wherewillthisforcebalancethemagnetsweight?
ANSWER:
closertothebase.
fartherabovethebase.
atthesamedistanceabovethebase.

Correct
Inequilibrium,themagneticforceexertedbythebaseonthemagnetmustequalthemagnet'sweight(orelsethe
magnetwouldaccelerate).Becausethismagnetisstrongerthantheoneinthevideo(andbecausethemagnetic
forcesweakenwithdistance),thismagnethoversfartherfromthebase.

SuspendingaSpeaker
Aloudspeakerofmass15.0kgissuspendedadistanceofh=1.20mbelowtheceilingbytwocablesthatmakeequal
angleswiththeceiling.Eachcablehasalengthofl=4.00m.

PartA
WhatisthetensionT ineachofthecables?
2

Use9.80m/s forthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationduetogravity.

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem

WeknowthatT 1 andT 2 ,thetensionforces,aredirectedalongtheirrespectivecables.Sincetheloudspeaker

isinequilibrium,thevectorsumofT 1 andT 2 mustexactlybalanceanyotherforcesthatactonthe
loudspeaker.Sincethetwocablesareatequalangles,thereisnoreasonforthemagnitudesofthetensionsin
thecablestodiffer.Thetensionsinthetwocablesareinfactthesame.Therefore,bothofthemcanbecalledT
.Then,usingT1y = T2y = T sin ,whereistheanglebetweenacableandtheceiling,solveforthevalueof
T.

Hint2.Identifytheforces
Besidestheforcesoftension,whatforcesactontheloudspeaker?
ANSWER:
weightonly
thenormalforceonly
weightandthenormalforce

Hint3.Findthenetverticalforce
WhatisT1y + T2y ,thesumoftheverticalcomponentsofthetensionsinthetwocables?Recallthatthesum
ofallforcesactingintheverticaldirectionmustequalzero,orelsethespeakerwouldaccelerateupordown.
2

Use9.80m/s forthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationduetogravity.
ANSWER:
T1y + T2y

= 147 N

Hint4.Determinesin
YouknowthattheverticalcomponentofthetensioninoneofthecablesisequaltoT sin ,whereisthe
anglethatthecablemakeswiththeceiling,asshowninthefigure.Whatissin ?
Expressyouranswernumerically.

Hint1.Usingthepropertyoftherighttriangle
Recallthatyouaregiventhelengthofthecable(indicatedbylinthefigure)andthedistancefromthe
ceilingatwhichthespeakerissuspended(indicatedbyhinthefigure).Also,notethatinarighttriangle
onelegisequaltothesineoftheoppositeangletimesthehypotenuse.
ANSWER:
= 0.300

sin

ANSWER:
T

= 245 N

Correct

BlockonanIncline


Ablockliesonaplaneraisedananglefromthehorizontal.Threeforcesactupontheblock:F w
,theforceofgravityF n ,

thenormalforceandF f ,theforceoffriction.Thecoefficientoffrictionislargeenoughtopreventtheblockfromsliding.

PartA
Considercoordinatesystema,withthexaxisalongtheplane.Whichforcesliealongtheaxes?
ANSWER:
F only
f

F only
n

only
F w

F andF
f

F andF
f

F andF
n

F andF andF
f

Correct

PartB
Whichforcesliealongtheaxesofthecoordinatesystemb,inwhichtheyaxisisvertical?
ANSWER:

F only
f

F only
n

only
F w

F andF
f

F andF
f

F andF
n

F andF andF
f

Correct

Usuallythebestadviceistochooseacoordinatesystemsothattheaccelerationofthesystemisdirectlyalongoneofthe
coordinateaxes.Ifthesystemisn'taccelerating,thenyouarebetteroffchoosingthecoordinatesystemwiththemost
vectorsalongthecoordinateaxes.
Butnowyouaregoingtoignorethatadvice.Youwillfindthenormalforce,F n ,usingverticalcoordinatesystemb.Inthese
coordinatesyouwillfindthemagnitudeFn appearinginboththexandyequations,eachmultipliedbyatrigonometric
function.

PartC
Becausetheblockisnotmoving,thesumoftheycomponentsoftheforcesactingontheblockmustbezero.Findan
expressionforthesumoftheycomponentsoftheforcesactingontheblock,usingcoordinatesystemb.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesFn ,Ff ,Fw ,and.

Hint1.FindtheycomponentofF n
WriteanexpressionforFny ,theycomponentoftheforceF n ,usingcoordinatesystemb.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofFn and.

Hint1.Somegeometryhelpausefulangle
ThesmalleranglebetweenF n andtheyaxis
isalso,asshowninthefigure.

ANSWER:

F ny

F n cos()

Hint2.FindtheycomponentofF f
WriteanexpressionforFf y ,theycomponentoftheforceF f ,usingcoordinatesystemb.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofFf and.

Hint1.Somegeometryhelpausefulangle
ThesmalleranglebetweenF f andthexaxis
isalso,asshowninthefigure.

ANSWER:
Ff y

F f sin()

ANSWER:
Fy = 0

F n cos + F f sin F w

Correct

PartD
Becausetheblockisnotmoving,thesumofthexcomponentsoftheforcesactingontheblockmustbezero.Findan
expressionforthesumofthexcomponentsoftheforcesactingontheblock,usingcoordinatesystemb.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofsomeorallofthevariablesFn ,Ff ,Fw ,and.

Hint1.FindthexcomponentofF n
WriteanexpressionforFnx ,thexcomponentoftheforceF n ,usingcoordinatesystemb.
ExpressyouranswerintermsofFn and.
ANSWER:

F nx

F n sin()

ANSWER:
Fx = 0

F n sin + F f cos

Correct

PartE
Tofindthemagnitudeofthenormalforce,youmustexpressFn intermsofFw sinceFf isanunknown.Usingthe
equationsyoufoundinthetwopreviousparts,findanexpressionforFn involvingFw andbutnotFf .

Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Fromyouranswerstotheprevioustwopartsyoushouldhavetwoforceequations( Fy = 0and Fx = 0).
CombinetheseequationstoeliminateFf .Thekeyistomultiplytheequationfortheycomponentsbycos
andtheequationforthexcomponentsbysin ,thenaddorsubtractthetwoequationstoeliminatetheterm
F f cos() sin().
AnalternativemotivationforthealgebraistoeliminatethetrigfunctionsinfrontofFn byusingthetrigidentity
2
2
sin () + cos () = 1.Attheveryleastthiswouldresultinanequationthatissimpletosolvefor F n .
ANSWER:
Fn

F w cos

Correct
Congratulationsonworkingthisthrough.Nowrealizethatincoordinatesystema,whichisalignedwiththeplane,
theycoordinateequationis Fy = Fn FW cos() = 0,whichleadsimmediatelytotheresultobtainedhere
forFn .
CONCLUSION:Athoughtfulexaminationofwhichcoordinatesystemtochoosecansavealotofalgebra.

Problem5.5

PartA
Whatisthemaximumaccelerationacarcanundergoifthecoefficientofstaticfrictionbetweenthetiresandthe
groundis0.90?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
amax

= 8.8 m/s2

Correct

Problem5.7
A25kgboxisreleasedona29 inclineandacceleratesdowntheinclineat0.30m/s2 .

PartA
Findthefrictionforceimpedingitsmotion.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
Ff r

= 110 N

Correct

PartB
Whatisthecoefficientofkineticfriction?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:

= 0.52

Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis97.1%.
Youreceived135.97outofapossibletotalof140points.