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Registration Number:
MFM/16/41
STATISTICS
PROJECT
Assignment 1: The Scope Of Statistics in the
Fashion Industry
Ms. Gulnaz Banu P
ii)
iii)
However, there are still some questions that arise, for example:
Using sample data, what can be said about the average value of the
population from which the sample was drawn?
How many standard tests should be carried out?
How should the test results be used to describe whether or not the
population meets the required specifications?
How should these results be used to detect a change in the preset
levels?
When there is variation within a population and only a sample has been
examined, our knowledge of the population is incomplete and uncertain.
Statistical methods deal with this by also measuring the degree of
uncertainty.
The statistics can be summarised according to the data:
Measures of central tendency
Measures of variability
Both of which will be explained below along with illustrated examples:
Sample mean
Population mean
where L is the lower limit of the median class, f is the frequency of the
median class, h is the class interval, C is the cumulative frequency of class
preceding the median class.
For Example:
Question: Suppose 15 threads have been tested for single thread
strength in grams and the values have been noted down in order of
increasing strength: 174, 178, 180, 181, 184, 186, 186, 187, 189, 191,
191, 193 ,195, 196, 196
Answer: The median is the eighth value, that is, 187 g.
Should there be an even number of values, then the mean of the two
middle values is taken to determine the median: 147, 149, 151, 151, 152.
153. 153, 154, 155, 156
The median is the sum of the fifth and sixth values divided by 2,
that is (152 + 153) 2 = 152.5 g.
Mode
The mode is the value occurring most frequently in the data.
Measures of Variation:
Moving on, the second application of central tendency utilizes the
measures of variation, which is simply defined as the difference between
the largest and the smallest observations in the sample:
A) With Range being measured with:
Since S2 = 2.124 cm2, we find that the standard deviation of the garment
blank length data isS = (2.124)1/2 = 1.46.
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For the garment length data, mean is 53.6 cm and s = 1.46 cm, so the
coefficient of variation is C = 100 1.46/53.6 = 2.72%
As seen above, Statistical techniques are important tools for effective
process control and innovative solutions to problems. The main focus of
statistical techniques is to avoid defects that are produced in the
manufacturing process. Experiments designed to assess the advantages
of novel types of processing or to determine optimal conditions also fall
into the category of SQC. Statistical techniques are also very useful in
determining sample size, deciding rate of recurrence of inspection,
deciding natural limits of variation of the process, testing conformity of
sample to specification provided and so on.
In any product line, no two articles are perfectly identical. For example, it
is impossible to find two bundles of yarn with exactly the same count,
strength, evenness, length, etc. This is due to raw material variation. The
product quality depends on the raw materials used in the process and the
level of technical enhancement attained during manufacturing. Machines
and tools will sustain wear and tear through use and it is neither practical
nor cost-effective to remove or repair the machines after every small
occurrence. Therefore, a certain margin for error must be built into the
manufacturing process.
Significance tests
Post the numerical analysis, A software such as SPSS or Strata10 can be
used to for the application of the numerical data gathered investigate
whether differences exists between the batches for means or standard.
Overall a brief overview of the tests listed above, allow us to take
remedial and preventive measures if at all there is a major difference in
the sample. Some of theses techniques include:
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formula:
Graphical Analysis
And finally post the analysis described above, data maybe presented in
graphical analysis. While numerical values may give a thorough idea on
may provide Charts are used represent the data that may be gathered
from the above analysis in graphical form so that relative variations
between two or more variables can be analysed. Some of the various
graphical representations are:
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Works Cited