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Wired System
Users
Mobile Device
Users
(Phone and
Dongles)
Fixed Wireless
Users (Wi-Fi,
Wi-MAX, Pointto-Point Radio &
VSAT)
Total
Monthl
y
Growth
Rate
(%)
0.67
108.48
114.63
5.67
0.47
0.48
1.47
125.22
131.49
5.01
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YearofIntr
oduction
Frequency
Bands
Multiple
Access
Channel
Bandwidth
Voice
Modulation
Duplexing
Number of
Channels
NMT450/NM
T-900
1981
AMPS
ETACS
NTACS
1983
1985
1988
NMT450:
450470MHz
NMT900:890960MHz
FDMA
DL:
869894MH
z
UL:824849MH
z
FDMA
DL:
916949MHz
UL:
871904MHz
DL:860870MHz
UL:
915925MHz
FDMA
FDMA
NMT450:25k
HzNMT900:12.5
kHz
FM
30kHz
25kHz
12.5kHz
FM
FM
FM
FDD
NMT450:200
NMT900:1999
FDD
832
FDD
1240
FDD
400
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TDMA-based system designed as a digital evolution of IV. THIRD GENERATION (3G) COMMUNICATION
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) was deployed
SYSTEM
initially inNorth America but after some time it was mostly
replaced by GSM. GPRS, CDMA and EDGE uses packet Third Generation (3G) provided multimedia support with
switched and circuit switched domain protocols.
higher rate of data transmission and capacity, with
advanced services support like multimedia. Opening the
TABLE III MAJOR 2G NETWORKS
world of truly mobile broadband experience to users, third
generation wireless systems were a significant
advancement over 2G. Apart from better communication
GSM
IS-54/ISIS-95
136
speed, 3G made a revolutionary change in wireless
1991
1993
YearofIntro 1990
communication world by its various value added services
duction
like internet access, e-mail services, live streaming
850/900MHz, 850MHz/1. 850MHz/
FrequencyB
facilities, GPS (Global Positioning System), video calling
1.8/1.9GHz
9GHz
1.9GHz
ands
and Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) etc. Third
generation network protocol follows the compatibility with
TDMA/
CDMA
MultipleAcc TDMA/
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 standards
FDMA
FDMA
ess
as stated by ITU (International Telecommunication Union).
30kHz
1.25MHz
ChannelBan 200KHz
Bitrates for IMT-2000 standard as per ITU is expected to
dwidth
be 144Kb/s for a user moving at speed of or inside an
/4QPSK
DL-SS:
VoiceModul GMSK
automobile or train, 384Kb/s for user moving at speed of a
BPSK,
ation
pedestrian, and up to 2Mb/s for a stationary or fixed one.
QPSK
3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) worked on
FDD
FDD
FDD
Duplexing
wireless mobile system to fulfil the criteria as expected by
GPRS,
CDPD
IS-95-B
Data
ITU for IMT-2000 standard and was a big step up from the
EDGE
Evolution
second generation bandwidth toward third generation to
GPRS:
9.6kbps
IS-95B: <
Typical
transmit the signal using 8 to 13Kb/s per channel with
20-40
64Kbps
User Rate
better QoS (Quality of Service). In past years ITU
Kbps,
approved six terrestrial radio interfaces from several
EDGE:
proposals made for IMT-2000. IMT-DS (IMT-2000
80-120
CDMA Direct Spread) knows as WCDMA (Wideband
Kbps
Code Division Multiple Access), IMT-MC (IMT-2000
GPRS:
About
IS-95-B:
Peak Data
CDMA Multi-carrier) also called IX-EV-DO, IMT-TC
107 Kbps,
12Kbps
115Kbps
Rate
(IMT-2000 CDMA TDD) known as TD-SCDMA or
EDGE:
UMTS-TDD, IMT-SC (IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier)
384 Kbps
known as UWC-136, IMT-FT (IMT-2000 FDMA/TDM)
600-700ms
>600ms
>600ms
User Plane
and IMT-2000 IP-OFDMA also known as IEEE 802.16e
Latency
or WiMAX.
Packet switching is a technique or a mode of data
transmission through which the information that is to be
sent, are broken up into packets, in several packets of a few
Kbytes each, and then send independently to different
destinations based on addressing data within each packet
and at last, reassembled those packets at destination. GPRS
supports continuous connection between networks with
flexible data transmission rate, being a significant step
towards the Third Generation (3G).
32
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CDMA2
00001X
EV-DO
HSPA
Standard
3GPP
Release
99
3GPP2
3GPP2
3GPP
Release
5/6
Channel
Bandwidt
h
Frequenc
y Bands
5 MHz
1.25
MHz
1.25
MHz
5 MHz
850/900
MHz,
1.8/1.9/
2.1 GHz
450/850
MHz
1.7/1.9/
2.1 GHz
450/85
0MHz
1.7/1.9/
2.1
GHz
Peak
Data
Rate
384-2048
Kbps
307
Kbps
DL:
2.4-4.9
Mbps,
UL:
8001800Kb
ps
850/
900
MHz,
1.8/1.9
/2.1
GHz
DL:
3.614.4
Mbps,
UL:
2.35Mbps
Multiple
Access
CDMA
CDMA
CDMA/
TDMA
Duplexin
g
Data
Modulati
on
FDD
FDD
FDD
DS-SS:
QPSK
DS-SS:
BPSK,
QPSK
DS-SS:
QPSK,
8PSK,
16QA
M
CDMA
/
TDMA
FDD
DS-SS:
QPSK,
16QA
M,
64QA
M
Typical
User
Rate
150-300
Kbps
120-200
Kbps
400600Kbp
s
500700
Kbps
User
Plane
Latency
100200ms
500600ms
50200ms
7090ms
WiMAX
LTE
Standard
3GPP
Release 7
&8
IEEE802.16e2005
3GPPRel
ease8
Frequency
Bands
(Early
Deploymen
t)
850/
900MHz,1.
8/
1.9GHz,
2.3GHz,2.6GH
z,and
3.5GHz
700MHz,1
.7/
2.1GHz,2.
6GHz,
1.5GHz
Peak
Downlink
Data Rate
28
42Mbps
46Mbp
(10MHz
22MIMO,
3:1DLtoUL
ratio TDD);
32Mbps with
1:1
150Mbps
(22MIM
O,
20MHz)
Peak
Uplink
Data Rate
11.5Mbps
75Mbps
(10MHz)
Channel
Bandwidth
5MHz
7Mbps(10MHz,
3:1DLtoULrati
oTDD);
4Mbpswith1:1
5,7,8.75,and10
MHz
Duplexing
FDD
TDD;
FDD option
planned
Downlink
Multiple
Access
Uplink
Multiple
Access
CDMA/
TDMA
OFDMA
OFDMA
CDMA/
TDMA
OFDMA
SCFDMA
Data
Modulatio
n
DSSS:QPSK,
16QAM,
and64QA
M
OFDM:QPSK,
16QAM,
and64QAM
OFDM:Q
PSK,16Q
AM,and6
4QAM
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1.4,3,5,10
,15
&20MHz
FDD
&TDD
33
IJARCCE
Downlink
Cell-Edge
Spectral
E ciency
Average
Downlink
Cell
Spectral
Eciency
Peak
Spectral
Eciency
Spectrum
Flexibility
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would liketo acknowledge the help of faculty
members
of Department
of
Electronics
and
Communication of Sikkim Manipal Institute of
Technology, Sikkim, to allow and avail its resources
throughout the research and all those people who were an
inspiration during this research.
REFERENCES
[1]
BIOGRAPHIES
Krishn Kumar Gupt is currenlty
pursuing his bachelor degree in
Electronics from Zakir Husain Delhi
College, University of Delhi. He is doing
innovation project on biosensor. He is a
Summer Research Fellow under Indian
Academy Science, Bangalore. His area of
interest is signal communication, robotics and social
services. At present, he is engaged in research on Digital
Video Broadcasting, Smart LNB and Mobile
communication system.
Vinay Kumar Singh is currntly working
as Assistant Professor in Department of
Electronics. He is B.Tech and M.Tech in
Electronics in 2011 and 2013 respectively.
His area of interest is signal- system and
communication technology.
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DOI 10.17148/IJARCCE.2016.5606
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