PLAN PREPRATION

Aims and Objectives
The prime aim of the study is to prepare a sustainable urban development plan for the city of
Bhopal and its environs. The preparation of a scientific and environmentally compatible
development plan requires consideration of all components of the environment that exist
today and the environment to be created tomorrow.
Objectives
 To prepare urban land use maps using high spatial resolution IRS satellite data
depicting level-II urban land uses such as residential, industrial, commercial,
public and semi public uses, recreational, transportation etc.
 To prepare urban sprawl map using multi-date satellite data depicting the city’s
growth through time, direction of growth etc.
 To prepare a transportation network map for the entire Bhopal Planning area
 To prepare natural hazard maps related to flood, erosion and earthquake prone
areas.
 To prepare hydro geomorphology, groundwater prospect, drainage, surface water
bodies, slope and soil information maps for urban suitability analysis
 To identify suitable areas for urban development as well as the areas to be
conserved.
 To prepare a proposed land use map.
Approach/ Concept
The planning concept through time has changed and the preparation of plan
focuses on sustainability of urban environment. Therefore, the main focus in
development planning is in line with the Green Paper on the Urban Environment
(Agenda 21). The Report identifies the challenge of urban sustainability to "solve both the
problems experienced within cities and the problems caused by cities”. Therefore the city
managers and developers must seek to meet the social and economic needs of urban
residents while respecting local and regional natural systems, solving problems locally where
possible, rather than shifting them to other spatial locations or passing them on to the
future". It is in this context, the sustainable development is identified as a much broader
concept than environmental protection. It has economic, social and cultural as well as
environmental dimensions, and embraces notions of equity between people in the present
and between generations. It implies that further development should only take place as
long as it is within the carrying capacity of natural and man-made systems. Hence, the
preparation of environmentally compatible plan must look into management of natural
resources, the urban economy, social issues, mobility and accessibility, land use planning,
urban regeneration, cultural heritage and tourism. It is in this regard, the procedure for the
preparation of a environmentally compatible urban development plan has changed through
time. This is primarily due to the fact that dimensionality of input data has increased
tremendously through time. So, the methodology for the preparation of sustainable
development plan has been modified to incorporate more number of physical, social, cultural
and economic parameters. The detailed methodology adopted for the preparation of a
development plan of Bhopal city employing latest technology is described below.

Planning Methodology
As per this methodology, it is prerequisite to project the population for the year
2021. Therefore, various statistical techniques have been employed to project the population
of Bhopal.
Planning Area for the year 2021. Then, it is required to prepare thematic maps
and integrate them in GIS environment, application of weighted index model and finally
identify the suitable areas for construction and conservation.

Perspective Period
Development Plan of Bhopal - 2021
Planning Unit
Limits of Bhopal Planning Area :North: Village Rojibeg, Ratatal, Khajuri, Nipaniya jaat, Khamkheda, Islamnagar,
Dhasipura, Puraman bhavan, Satikheda, Imliya and upto the Northern boundary of
village Sukhi Sevaniya.
East: Village Sukhi sevaniya, Chopada kalan, Pipliya, Jaherpir, K anasaiya, Jhiriya
kheda, Chhavani adampur, Bilkhiriya, Sakalpadariya, Lalpura, Bansiya, Amjhara,
Bavadiya khurd, Bagaroda pipliya and upto the Eastern boundary of village Kunjangarh.
South: Village Kunjangarh, Bangrasiya, Deepadi, Samrada, Pipaliya rani, Khadbumliya,
Kodi pipliya keso, Semri kalan, Imliya jargar, Thuakheda satgadi, Bhanpura,
Samasgarh, Mitthukhedi, Sarvar and upto the Southern limit of village Amla.
West: Village Amla, Badhjhiri, Jhagariya khurd, Semri bajiyapat, Sikandrabad, Lasudiya
gosai, Mugaliya chhap, Lakhapur, Khajuri sadak, Khetla khedi, Bakaniya bhouri,
Parvaliya sadak, Chandu khedi, Kurana, Khejada dev, Mani khedi -kot and upto western
boundary of village Rosibeg.
The planning area includes Bhopal Municipal Corporation and Small Urban Area (Kolar
Nagar Palika). Information about various villages included in planning area

Phasing
The plan envisages to activise the plant implementation process in critical areas to be
development in two broad phases. The first phase will address the requirement of up to year
2014 and second phase shall address to the requirement of 2014 to 2021.
In order to implement the plan proposals, intense programme resource
mobilisation and yearly development budgeting will have to be engineered through

partnership approach among landowners,
developers and public agencies.

developers,

community groups,

private

Decision Support Systems
The sectors considered for Baseline Data collection and analysis and also for
assessing the present and future needs and demands “ Population Projection Procedures
 Remote
Sensing
Data
Interpretation
Generation of Merged Data Product
Thematic Mapping
Base Map Preparation
Preliminary Interpretation
Ground Truth Data Collection
 Database Design
Generation of Spatial Framework
Spatial Data
Non-Spatial Data

Assessment of Future Requirements

Demographic analysis
Population is one of the dynamic elements in urban ecology. The settlements are like
living organisms, i.e. constantly changing their growth pattern, influencing and being
influenced by their neighbouring settlements, national and state politics and with the
integration of the economy at a global level the changes taking place in the market. Some
of the factors that contribute to population increase are in-migration, high birth rate,
changing socio-economic amenities and factors like reorganisation of territorial
boundaries.
The population and its distribution in different parts of Bhopal region is an
important input in planning for the region. Population data and decadal growth rate da ta of
Madhya Pradesh state and four districts adjoining Bhopal district is shown in Table.

To establish a relation with village boundary and census data records the census code were used as a key filed. Literacy Literacy indicates level of education in the area. Percent literacy is divided in four classes as shown in Table. percent literacy. percent SC/ST population. Population Density Population density is defined as the total number of persons per unit area. percent cultivators and percent employment.Socio-economic analysis The census data has been collected from census department. Map indicates clearly that villages having very low literacy rate (< . Population density is an important indicator of the levels of development concentration. Major settlements falls in very low density having <150 persons per hectare. Different non-spatial parameters have been used to derive spatial patterns related to population density. This database has been imported to Arc/Info GIS environment and integrated with village boundaries. 60 villages are having population density >1001 persons per hectare. The density has been categorized in 6 categories as shown in Table. The details of these parameters are presented in Table. The density pattern has been estimated on a village basis and thus is a reflection of the development in the villages.

30) are distributed mainly in Northern part of region around Berasia town. . Also 575 Villages have more than 50% literates.

cultivation and other activities. medical and communication facility indices in the region has been carried out. W eight for an amenity is assigned on the basis of its relative importance within a category and is expressed as the proportion of settlements not having this particular amenity. Composite index has been computed for all the settlements which is a sum of weighted averages on a availability of amenities under different categories (education. the economic base of the village would be sound. industrial activities. The higher the participation of the population of a village. Different classes under worker participation are given in Table.Workers Percent participation of the people in various act ivities is an indicative of the economic base of the district. medical and communication etc. It is observed that North-East area falls in very low work participation ratio. Amenity / Facilities analysis Economic infrastructure and services like education. The detailed analysis in relation to education. Educational Facilities Educational Facility Index has been calculated based on educational facilities like . The major classes of participation are agricultural activities. A Composite Functionality Index map was generated by integrating all these indices to determine the settlement hierarchy in terms of their service areas. play vital role in economic development. medical and communications).

Middle school. This area is mainly distributed in north east and south in Bhopal region. 193 villages does not have even a primary school. . Map shows that there are 186 villages having very low education facility. Moreover..primary school. High school etc. Different classes under educational facilities are given Table. These areas required more attentions towards development of educational facilities.

post and telegram office etc. It is observed that most of the villages (1148) doesn‟t have any medical facilities.Medical Facilities The medical facilities index is based upon the data received from secondary census abstracts from Census of India. Various classes under CFI is given in Table. which has the facility.. MFI (Medical Facility Index) has been derived and classified in to four categories Classes under medical facility are shown in Table. Based on medical facilities in the villages like PHC. However these villages may be located near to the village. But still some villages in North of the region are lacking the facility Communication Facility Communication Facility Index (CFI) has been derived based on communication facilities like phone. 2001. Dispensary etc. .

Amongst these wards Indrapuri ward located at North -East of BHEL Campus.T. Sex Ratio The overall sex ratio in the city is 898.67%.41% respectively. Literacy Rate The literacy rate in Bhopal Municipal Corporation area is 68. Spatial distribution of sex ratio indicates that sex ratio is low in areas with nonresidential land use.Demographic Features Bhopal Municipal Corporation is the second largest Municipal Corporation of Madhya Pradesh state with a population of 14. Nagar Stadium. which could be because of lack of employment opportunities and declining economy of the city.16.76% in 1991 to 26. Bhopal being the capital city is recording high level of variation between over-all sex ratio and juvenile sex ratio. The distribution of economic activities in primary. These are mor e-or-less uniformly distributed over entire city.67% in year 2001. The Municipal Corporation has 19 W ards with child sex ratio lower than overall sex ratio. however few wards namely.25%. and T. that wards in Old City have literacy rate lower than the average. with juvenile sex ratio less than 900 females per 1000 males. It is observed that the juvenile sex ratio in Bhopal is much better than other major urban centres in Madhya Pradesh. Koh-eFiza near Old City.38% and 2. Shivaji Nagar and Panchasheel wards in T. 2. The proportion of main workers has declined in the city from 28.354 as per Census of India – 2001. namely Indore. secondary and tertiary sectors based upon 1991 census data indicate that 30% of population is engaged in secon dary . Barkhera BHEL. fiscal policy measures are required to encourage more household industries in the city to create employment opportunities. Dr. Most of these wards have residential and commercial land uses. SC / ST Population The population of Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes form 12. This is though a positive sign. which is less as compared to other urban centres.56% in 1991 to 0. Work Participation Ratio The percentage of main workers.14% which is slightly lower as compared to the corresponding figures for Indore and Jabalpur. Nagar area are predominantly residential areas.T. The proportion of marginal workers has increased during the same time period.T. 37. The following section studies spatial distribution of demographic indicators of Bhopal Municipal Corporation.92% and 70.92% in year 2001. It is however the fastest growing city in Madhya Pradesh with the decadal growth rate of 35. The work participation ratio m ore than 34% is observed around South T. It is evident from the attached map. It is also observed that the family size in Bhopal is 5. Nagar. marginal workers and non-workers in Bhopal as per Census – 2001 is 26. Jabalpur and Gwalior. Char Imli and Habibganj areas. whereas the child sex ratio is 928. The proportion of workers engaged in household industries has increased from 0.97% of the total population respectively. This further confirms the that city has high rate of migration. are having comparatively higher proportion of SC/ST population (20-30%). Rajendra Prasad and Baboo Jagjiwan wards. Panchsheel.

58. The total population of the district in 2001 was 18. in North – East by Vidisha.416 forming 93% of Total Population of Planning Area. The district comprises of Berasia and Huzur Tehsil. Population of Bhopal Municipal Corporation as per Census 2001 is 14.sector (manufacturing and processing in household and other than household industries and workers engaged in construction activities).37. In the decade of 1971-1981 the city boundary was increased to bring BHEL Township and Bairagarh within the Bhopal Municipal Corporation limits. the Bhopal Gas Tragedy.26% of total population of Bhopal. The municipal corporation has five outgrowths. The Bhopal Planning Area that comprises of 120 villages and the Bhopal Municipal Corporation. requires detailed studies and supporting evidences for confirmation. and this momentum continued in the following decades as well. out of which 80. has total population of 15.510. During the same period Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. which further indicates that due to difficult housing situation prevailing in the city. thereby resulting into decline in population growth rate during the decade of 1981-91. These events prompted rapid population growth in the city. Banjari. which was thus limited to old walled city until 1956. W ith the heavy growth in industrial and commercial activities together with the expansion of Government services.32% of Main Workers) are engaged in other services alone accounting for 10. District of Bhopal is the most urbanized districts of Madhya Pradesh. Akbarpur.354. The male migration is predominant. resulting into nearly 120% decadal population growth during the period 1951-61.43.07. . migrant workers have tendency to leave their family in the place of their origin. However following points may be noted from the demographic study of Bhopal: Being the capital city and a major centre of economic activities in this region. in W est and South – W est by district of Sehore. expanded in all directions to accommodate increasing activities and the functions that it served. Mandideep industrial area was established. the city is witnessing high level of in-migration of both skilled and unskilled workers. During the same decade. Damkheda. It is observed that 1. the decade of 1971-81 witnessed phenomenal 75% decadal population growth. The inferences derived from Census of India data regarding socioeconomic profile of Bhopal Municipal Corporation. storage and communication workers. and in East and South – East by Raisen district.936 population (35. Urbanization in Bhopal District The Bhopal district is bounded in North by Guna district. Bhopal witnessed one of the worst industrial disasters of the W orld. 2001). Growth of Population Bhopal was made the capital of Madhya Pradesh in year 1956.328 (Census of India. transport. Nayapura (Kolar) and Bairagarh Chichli. and workers engaged in other services). while 65% of work force in engaged in tertiary sector activities (including trade and commerce workers. The city. In 1984.59. (BHEL) was established thereby augmenting the employment opportunities in the city.42% of population resides in urban areas. together with Bhopal Municipal Corporation they have population of 14. which resulted into decline in industrial activities in the city. This event severely impacted the preferred destination status of Bhopal as an industrial centre. It is also observed that there is a need to augment economy of the city and create employment opportunities to reduce the unemployment.

and could be one predominant reason for comparatively lower decadal growth .

resulting into lesser population density. both Private sector and Government services) as per census of India.32 persons per ha while the Congress Nagar ward is second most dense ward with population density of 1038. prompting migration of many Government employees to the newly formed state. The heart of Bhopal. has population density in range of 400 – 800 persons per ha. In between the old city area and the peripheral areas. Such . in recent past. thus reducing the effective land area available for habitation. The decadal growth rate of 35. which comprises of old city area. In year 2000. It is interesting to note that nearly 10.25% is however still very high as compared to many other urban centres in India (Table). 1991. Moti Masjid ward has highest population density of 1271. These are the newly developing areas with mainly agricultural land. forest areas and water bodies occupying large area of land. However.25%. cropped or fallow. and nearly 28% of the Government Servants migrated to Raipur after bifurcation of state. Apart from being away from the core city.16 % of total population of Bhopal was engaged in Category – 9 (Other Service. reported decline in population growth rate to 35. It should however be noted that effective density in these areas could be much higher than the gross density.33 persons per ha. The population density in peripheral area is less than 100 persons per ha.2 persons per sq ha. extending to Lower lake in south and up to railway line in North. This extremely low gross population density is mainly because of the natural constraints such as undulating terrain with large hills. the state of Chhatisgarh was separated from Madhya Pradesh.rate of 58%. These areas have predominantly high density residential land use mixed with commercial land use at few places. Population Density The gross population density of the Bhopal Municipal Corporation as per 2001 census is merely 51. These are the areas with either low to medium density residential or with institutional or industrial campuses. forest and wastelands. there are areas with moderate population density in range 100 – 400 persons per ha. The comparison of density across the wards indicates wide differences between inner city area and the peripheral areas. The decade therefore. these areas have witnessed negative decadal growth rate indicating out-migration to other parts of the city. many of these areas also have large water bodies.

that the city with widely varying population density requires sound and effective planning to decongest the densely populated central city areas. and to provide adequate services and infrastructure to make less densely populated areas available for future development.areas are mainly located in the south of Bhopal and few are also located in the North-W est of the old city. . It is therefore evident.

which are densely populated as observed in previous section. Arithmetic increase method. Requirements to be fulfilled by Bhopal Development Plan – 2021  As per the above descriptions the reservation of 5000 hectare land shall be . In the absence of proper planning interventions.02 lakh on the basis of population of 1991 and 2001 by geometric increase method and applying the growth rate of 3. Moreover as the arithmetic increase method is suitable for newly developing cities and the geometric increase method is more reliable for old and developed cities. which is neither new nor a very old developed city. incremental increase method. The population for year 2005 has thus been projected to be 18. exponential method. forecast function method and trend method underestimated the population. whereas the geometric increase method and exponential methods over estimated the population. groundwater prospective zones. Population projections for 2021 The population projections for the Bhopal Planning Area up to the year 2021 were made using different standard statistical procedures viz. etc. mainly those located in south.00. forests.000. The incremental increase method is thus found to be the most suitable method for population projection of the city.Distribution of Population As noticed in the previous section. these two methods.000 for the year 2021 and land allocations will thus be made for additional 14.00. At the same growth rate the population for year 2021 is projected to 32. The Figure indicates that there is negative growth rate in the central city areas.000 by year 2021 and for the Bhopal Planning Area it projected to 25. The population growth from 1991 to 2001 for Bhopal Municipal Corporation area is recorded to be 36. The population growth in the city is also highly irregular. the city has sprawled uncontrollably. thus imposing tremendous pressure on the adjoining productive agriculture land and on the other natural resources such as surface water bodies.23% during same period. It is assumed that this 37. geometric increase method.19 lakh. The above analysis however fails to accommodate the local events that have in past resulted into erratic population growth and have significantly affected city‟s demographics.23% population growth rate will be continued in the coming years. It was observed that arithmetic increase method. south-east and north-west of Bhopal have recorded very high population growth rates in past decade. Therefore recommended population of 32. It can also be seen that many of the peripheral wards. forecast function method (ratio method) and trend (least square method). which are very commonly used for population projection in practice.7% per annum.16 lakh population.9% as per census of India while the overall growth in urban population in Huzur Tehsil was 37. The population of Bhopal Municipal Corporation as per incremental growth method is estimated to be approximately 22.00. the population in the city is spread in unequal manner. cannot be used in case of Bhopal.

required in development plan. .  In view of planning in the growth area for sustainable development reservation of land use will be essential.

 Inclusion of proposals in Development Plan indicated by Madhya Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation Ltd. .  Inclusion of the recommendations of Forest Department on Eco Tourism in Kerva area and protection of forest areas.  The proposal of City Development Plan prepared by Bhopal Municipal Corporation under the Jawarlal Nehru National Ur ban Renewal Mission shall be included in Development plan.  Selections of places as per proposals submitted by DIC on the basis of wind direction. to make Bhopal as tourist spot. Commercial development could be about 4 to 5 percent. W herever the change in alignment in development plan roads is required. To give boost to the  commercial development on many places commercial development have to be proposed so that planned development could be achieved  The alignment of roads in development plan is disrupted at many places due to which the construction of road is not possible. water and availability of transport. same shall be negotiated.

The level of implementation of the development Plan 2005 is observed.29 ha of land has been developed in the corresponding planning area of „Development Plan 2005‟ under different uses as against the expected land area of 27103. Study reveals that 12831. Kms. The details of implementation of different land use categories may be seen in Table. .20 ha for 25 lakhs population.COMPONENTS OF THE PLAN Land Utilization/ Land Use Bhopal Development Plan 2005 envis aged Planning area 607 sq. Out of which area under different land use was 27103.20 ha.

.

an area of about 14167.52 ha will be required to meet the demand of the additional population of about 14 lakh by 2021. 100 persons per hectare has been recommended as suitable population density. .Area required for urban development As described earlier. an integrated urban land use suitability analysis has been carried out on the basis of various physical characteristics of the terrain as well as environmental parameters adopting a multivariate index approach. W hich is serving the existing population of 18. Requirement for additional area by 2021 has been worked out on the basis of population density of 100 persons per hectare. Thus an area of 13093.0 ha per 1000 persons. As per this. The existing developed area within the planning area is 14 010. Keeping this additional area requirement into consideration the proposed land use plan has been prep ared.0 ha. Therefore the development plan for 2021 will require an additional 1074. 0 ha per 1000 persons.20 ha for urban development. If the overall land utilization rate for the entire population is to be achieved at the rate of 10.20 ha proposed in Bhopal Development Plan 2005 is yet not developed. It may be noted that Bhopal Development Plan 2005 envisaged gross population distribution at the rate of 7. The UDPFI norm for large cities is 150-185 persons/ha. it is observed that merely 14010 ha of land could develop.32 ha land for the projected population. However due to various reasons discussed in chapter 3 of report.02 lakh? It means that the present land utilization rate is to the tune of 7. Therefore Population increased by 2021 will be around 14. To identify this land in the Bhopal Planning Area. the projected population of Bhopal Planning Area will be around 32 lakh by 2021. Accordingly additional area required for urban development in the entire Bhopal Planning area by year 2021 has been computed. however due to topographical \ constraints and preference for low and medium rise buildings in the city.(100 Person per hector) then the total developed area should be around 32000 ha resulting in additional area requirement of 14167 ha.16 lakh.0 ha per 1000 persons. It may also be observed in the table that Bhopal Development Plan 2005 had proposed 27103.

In Bhopal 77 vehicle trips are being used for solid waste management. Kolar Dam and tubewells. The present landfill areas will be lifted up and the disposal of Biomedical waste will be assured. which is carried out to incinerator of Govindpur. Due to this water sources and ground water are becoming polluted.L. To fulfill the water supply within Bhopal Municipal Corporation about Rs 614. The huge amount of wastewater from many big colonies situated in the city is f lowing through public nallas. which goes into Patra. Government and Private Hospitals produces about 4 to 5 ton Biomedical W aste. All non-residential buildings having a discharge of over 10. Hamidiya Hospital and Gas relief Hospital. Solid Waste Management The Bhopal city has been divided in to 14 zones for solid waste management.000 liters a day should incorporate a wastewater recycling.D.63 crore are required in which The Asian Development Bank will give Rs 64. a policy shall be formulated for determining the optimum water requirement for various uses. W ater supply in new areas should incorporate separate lines . Halali and Betava River. The sewage network will be 500 KM long. The Sewerage System capacity has to be increased to 275 MLD. which joins Shahapur Lake. In the year 2021 the above solid waste material has to be deposited and transported by a scientific method. The target of 100 % sewage system is fixed to year 2021. The main drain in Bhopal is Patra drain to which many small nallas join.Infrastructure Physical Infrastructure Water Supply The water is being supplied to Bhopal city from Upper Lake. To complete this scheme EW SEIP and Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Scheme will provide the fund. Storm Water Drainage The topography of Bhopal is unique hence drainage will not be a problem. for the population of 32 Lakhs at the rate of 135 liter per persons per day. The water through pipe is supplied to only 67 % of the population in Bhopal and in addition to this for 66 wards the water supply is made from 5808 Community Stand.23 crore and Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission will give 550.32 cores. The capacity of the sewage treatment plant recycling plants would be equal to or more than the water inflow requirements. In spite of this roadside nalis are required to be constructed so that there will not be the flood affected areas. By the year 2021 the proposed target for construction of nalis is 90 % for which Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission will grant the fund. water coolers and garden taps the second for supplying portable water. tons. So that it may be possible to treat major part of the discharge expecting in view the use of recycled water. Sewage System At present only 30 % area is covered under s ewerage system. The funds will be given by Asian Development Bank and Jawahar Lal Nehru National Urban .one for washing. During 2021 the need of water supply is 432 M. It is estimated that until the year 2021 the solid waste will be about 1550 M. In new Bhopal Katasi Drainage is main drainage.

Renewal Mission. .

the important features. zones. unmatched massive square bastions. early 19lh century fresco painted palaces.  Fatehgarh Fort or citadel. precincts and buildings of heritage and historical importance can be divided into the six distinct geographical regions:  The unique feature of Bhopal is its large lake (30.  The Shehr-e-Khas was a square fortified city of gridiron pattern with Jama Mosque of early I9lh century at its center. ought to be dealt with utmost care and pride. The two bastions mark the southern end of the fort near Hammam and the northern end near Retghat. Moti Masjid. char-baghs with flowing water and fountains and scented plants and uniquely Indian open maidans all fall within this geographical area. palaces and gates as some of the fine examples of French influence on Indian architecture. Man-made heritage is the built form which got developed historically over many centuries. Jama mosque by the Hindu wife of the 2nd Nawab in sandstone trabeated technology. Hammam. The unique urban heritage contributing to the city identity and its image ought to be preserved. Jama Masjid. was added by the 18th century CE Afghan ruler Dost Mohammad Khan on the west bank of Bara Talab in 1722 and named it after his beloved wife Fateh Bibi. The fort encompasses the Gond Queen Kamalapati's palace (protected by the Archaeological Survey of India ASI).Built Heritage Urban image of the city is a collective visual appearance contributed by natural and man made elements. who was a revered scholar. socioeconomical and architectural values was prepared by INTACH (Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage) in 1984 resulting in a document of more than 281 buildings divided in four grades based on the respective values of each building. The fort that stretched northeast southwest. Sheetal Das Bagiya. Second exercise in updating of the listing was conducted by INTACH in 2004 and several monuments were found missing although several others found place in the list. within its defense walls. The built heritage. hist orical. A large gate announced entry into the old fort. Based on the list. The unconquered fort was the scene of a siege in 1812-13 laid by the Maratha armies of Nagpur and Gwalior and the Pindarics.. Bhopal is gifted with rare monuments and splendid areas of vulnerable architecture. Raj Bhawan. Recommended by Bhoja Deva as one of the ideal city plans in India's ancient Shastras on town planning by him called Samrangcimmitmtlhara. Chowk area. late 19t century Alabaster mosque. making it on of the rare monuments of ancient India (not protected) in use today. Kamla park. Faiz Bahadur's Dargah etc. areas. comprising areas such as Jumerati Gate. This 18th century town was entered by seven gates . Kamala Park. Legendary Bhoja Deva (1010-1053 CR) who finds mentioned for his hydraulic engineering in the ancient treatises constructed the lake. Fatehgarh Fort's first stone was laid by Qazi Mohammad Moazzam of Raisen.72 sq km) called Bara Talab. gold painted palaces. and Gauhar Mahal etc. Tombs (protected by the State Archaeology) with 'Bangladar roofs' of indigenous technology of 18th century. An inventory of the heritage buildings of cultural.

W hat however remains is .named after seven days of the week. The processional gates have all been demolished as also most of the heritage houses within.

aqueduct. barracks. and several non-tangible traditions. the drainage is provided by various small nallahs. Minto Hall. Circular grills. Cottages. Natural Resources Natural Drainage The topography of the area favours efficient and rapid drainage of the planning area. occupationally specific streets. jewellery market. well laid out fortified extension to the existing fortified town of Bhopal.  In conformation with the tradition of the Nawabs of Bhopal the last Begum Sultan Jehan (1901-1921) built her own palace complex in Ahmedabad area named after her late husband. some havelies (which are of immense heritage value). Bara Bagh with all its cenotaphs etc. Bagh Umrao Dulha with a 5th century pillar. The drainage on the north-eastern part of planning area is provided by river Halali. chowks. gardens. the area is an aesthetic delight with palaces. This is one of the rare examples in India where expansion was being planned at such a large scale by indigenous engineers and architects. temples. some old trees. palaces yacht clubs etc. individual houses. grounds. The area is still not encroached upon in a major way although the building stock is in a decadent and damaged state. Farhat Bagh. all built with materials of most delicate intricacy and designs. The area can be defined as Heritage Zone. which meets Halali River near Islampura. food tradition.circular ends.Deco style that still has fan-clubs across the world and who hold world congresses in appreciation of the style. markets. wells. porches with circular roofs with diamond windows of non-standard dimensions were all part of the vocabulary of the early modern Art. the commercial hubbub. botanical gardens. This well. terr aced gardens with . in atypical of the style that was so much in vogue at that time in Europe. On the south-western side. The water quality indicates very high concentration of dissolved solids and very . was extension by Nawab Jehangir Mohammad Khan (18371844) for the unruly Afghan troupes and contained palaces. while on the south-eastern side.defined heritage area has all the features of the feminine ruler associated with it. Designed by Austrian architect Heinz in Art Dec o style the area had esplanade. it is provided by Kaliyasote River. alabaster cenotaphs.  Shahjahanabad by Shah Jahan Begum (1870-1901) was a well planned. mosques. railings. venues. mosques. bodies etc. out houses. several gardens such as Ash Bagh.the morphology of the town. grounds.  Jehangirabad. Built around cascading waters of three descending tanks. which drain out in Kolar River that ultimately drains into river Narmada. Kothies. some tongas. health centers. open spaces. gates. its street lines. The drainage water of old city including wastewater of industries located in Govindapura industrial estate is carried away by Patra Nallah. Lal Kothi (present day Government house).

The water of this river is being used for irrigation purposes and thus very little discharge reaches .high BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) confirming water pollution.

ground water quality (pH. the confluence point of River Halali with River Betwa is situated on the downstream side of water works for Vidisha t own. Sulphur di-oxide (SO2) and oxides of Nitrogen (NOx). thereby omitting immediate public health concerns. Kaliyasote River.T. apart from three large reservoirs namely Kerwa Dam. There are about 14 water bodies within Planning Area of Bhopal covering nearly 3825 ha land area accounting for 4. Ambient air quality in Bhopal city between year 2002 to 2005 is depicted in the Table. For Industrial and residential area (Subhash H. Kalia Sot Dam. This includes the Upper Lake. Air Quality The ambient air quality is monitored at three locations regularly. Large number of small streams drain into these lakes. RSPM for this area is greater than the limit for the year 2002-03. which provides drainage to the south-eastern part of city. but requires corrective actions for long term sustainable development. chloride. Hamidia Road and Govindpura Industrial Area. The Development of Mandideep Industrial growth Centre and its extensions need to be strictly controlled in respect of industries to be permitted in this area to avoid water pollution which may create problems to Vidisha. to prevent pollution of Betwa River. Moreover. There is hardly any possibility of utilization of this water on the way for irrigation purposes as it passes through a hilly terrain.) and surface water quality (pH. Nitrate etc. for suspended particulate matter (SPM & RSPM)).S. . Urban Environment Quality Environmental Sensitivity Environmental sensitivity analysis in the Bhopal Development Planning Area has been carried out based upon the data on air quality (SO2. Also. School) all the four parameters are within the limits for all the years as can be seen from Table but the SPM parameter exceeds the limit as far as Hamidia Road area is considered. and Hathai Kheda Dam. RSPM). Phosphate etc. Nagar. joins Betwa near Bhojpur in Raisen District.74% of total land area. Nitrate. The locations are South T.Betwa. SPM. NOx. Industries proposed to be located on this side should be non-polluting type or it will have to be ensured that industrial water is fully treated before discharging the same in Kaliyasote. the principal source of water supply to the city of Vidisha.). Lower Lake and Shahapura Lake.

.

Hence. it is clear that the contribution of Industries to air pollution is not significant The major cause of air pollution in Bhopal city may be due to the vehicular pollution and exhaust gases from the automobiles. from the Ambient Air quality Table for the Bhopal city. .

The causes of pollution in the Upper lake may be due to the regular inflow of untreated sewage.57 . washing of clothes and vehicles.08 mg/l (PO4). Other causes of pollution are due to Dhobighats existing in the periphery of this lake using detergents for washing of clothes. It is seen from the table that concentration of NO 3 and PO4 in Upper lake varied from 1 to 3 mg/l and 0.41 to 7. may be due to the intake of untreated sewage through eight unlined drains.09 to 0. domestic / solid wastes.06 to 0. for the year 1998-99.68 except for the lowest value of 4.44 in October. The major cause of pollution in Lower Lake.Surface Water Quality The state of surface water quality in the Bhopal city has been shown in the Table. A bulk of this sewage and sullage comes to the lake from areas around the Medical College Hostels. Koh-e-Fiza and area of Van Vihar. 1998. Patra Nalla area has the pH value ranging from 6. The values indicate that the salinity and NO3 concentration goes on increasing till it runs through human settlement area and beyond that it decreases. Also. washing of vehicles and inflow of domestic wastes and wastewater coming from the . Nitrogen and Phosphorous are considered to be the most important among nutrients responsible for eutrophication.38 to 7.50 to 3. in the lower lake from 11 to 21 mg/l and 0.44 and 8. which is surrounded by the congested built up area on all sides. It is seen from the table that pH of Upper Lake water varies from 7.21 mg/l respectively. Also. Patra Nala. These higher values have led to growth of aquatic plants in the lakes thereby making it polluted.These values are well within the specified safe limits. These values indicate that the concentrations of NO3 and PO4 are higher in both the cases than the critical limits of 1. immersion of idols tazias etc.80 mg/l respectively. a major drain initiating from Lower Lake passes through the city area and receives waste waters and filthy material upto Semra kalan village and thereafter it receives agricultural waste upto Bhanpura village.93 while that of Lower Lake ranges between 7. agricultural residues along with pesticides / insecticides from catchment area.34 mg/l (NO3) and 0.

.nearby hutments builtup at Dhobighats.

In order to know the impact of faster growth of urbanization and industrialization and environment degradation of Upper and Lower Lakes. The analytical result of chemical and trace elements analyses is shown in the Table.Ground Water Quality The chemical quality of ground water is an important parameter and its suitability for public water supply must be checked. checking of the ground water quality is essentially required. .

Nitrate pollution in ground water may be due to disposal of untreated sewage through open and unlined drains and wrong siting of land fill sites on permeable formations thereby polluting to ground water gradually. It is found from the table that the Nitrate concentration beyond 45mg/l is found only in three places Nayapura (100mg/l). Table clearly shows that the concentration of chloride in the ground water samples is well within the permissible limit of 250 mg/l.03. . Patel Nagar (72mg/l) and in Rasla Kheri (46mg/l) in the hand pump and tubewells respectively.The pH values in groundwater varies from 7.34 to 8.

Infrastructure components for the city namely water supply. In addition to that various recommendations and proposals from City Development Plan. and solid waste management will is sized to provide healthy environment to the city dwellers.Environmental Infrastructure The population for Bhopal Planning Area has been forecasted to reach 32 lakh by year 2021. sewerage. commensurate with the vision of Global Environment City Project for Bhopal. Environment management and protection strategy Issues Environment management and protection str ategy addresses to the critical environmental problems which mainly concern preservation of lakes. Comprehensive Environmental Management Plan and Urban W ater Supply and Environmental Improvement Project have been incorporated with appropriate modifications wherever necessary. its catchment area and . drainage.

its water quality and land use management in catchment areas. Environmental management of upper lake and other water bodies are vulnerable to urban pressure in its close vicinity. The other environmental issues relate to the disposal and treatement of urban waste and its recycling and the socio-economic problems caused by the displacement of population. Likewise it is als o essential to enforce land use control measures in the . At the state level measures need to be initiated to mitigate pollution which has already taken place engulfing water bodies and other natural areas. in context to future city spread.

the key elements of the strategy are identified as under:  Arresting the remaining flow of effluent into the lake and other water bodies envisaged under the JNNURM Scheme by BMC. However. Key Elements of Environment Management and Protection Strategy In the light of critical issues outlined above. physiographic conditions of the area. Tourism and other utility departments. Priority should be given to public buildings (such as hospitals. etc.  Enforce control guidelines in lake fringe areas. in the catchment areas of all the water bodies. These measures and programmes to preserve and conserve upper and lower lakes and other natural areas in its vicinity have been implemented through co-ordinated approach among Public Health Engineering.and Retrofitting.  Arresting the soil errosion through silt check dams in the catchment area including prohibiting the use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture operation in the catchment areas. The efforts of promoting a programme under Bhoj wetland with central assistance followed by another programme of financial assistance with the Japanese aid are were the steps in right direction. Forest. b) Building bye-laws should incorporate the aspects of Multi Hazard Safety. . Pre-Disaster preparedness i) a) Micro-zonation surveys should be referred for land use planning and be considered while preparing the Zonal Plans and Layout Plans. Disaster Management Natural and man made disasters neither can be prevented nor predicted. Mining. probable intensity of earthquake. On the basis of vulnerability studies and hazard identification.catchment areas to prevent further environmental degradation and there by achieve desired level of sustainability. local level and use zoning and planning should be undertaken. fault traces. Agriculture. Areas of vulnerability can be identified and necessary measures can be proposed by the concerned agencies.  Enforcement of land use management measure in the catchment areas so as to prevent further pollution load in the lake. Seismic micro-zonation for selected areas having high growth rates should be taken up on priority. Following policies and strategies for disaster management are proposed : 1. The concerned local bodies should keep updating the building bye laws to safeguard against disasters and ensure effective and impartial enforcement. which includes soil conditions.  Set up an institutional arrangement to enforce co-ordinated efforts to prevent pollution and other environmental degradation arising as a result of human interventions. with the technological advancement to some extent mechanism can be developed to mitigate the after effects of the disaster.  Conduct independent check monitoring on effluent and water quality..

institutional. lifeline structures and those which are likely to attract large .educational. heritage monuments. power stations. infrastructure.

ii) Bhopal Fire Services and local administration being the nodal agency for disaster management should identify vulnerable areas such as areas with high density and poor accessibility in the city and propose suitable measures. ability to withstand earthquake of the defined Suitable action should be taken for retrofitting and strengthening of structures identified as vulnerable as per earthquake manuals and National Building Code. ii) Standard type designs and layout should be prepared by the local bodies and made available to the people so that crudical time is not lost in approval of layout plans and building plans after disaster. 2. . particularly school children. the key communication centres should be protected from natural disasters i. Necessary setup should be created in each of the concerned department for such eventualities. Post-Disaster preparedness i) It has been observed that any disaster is generally followed by break down of communication lines and disruption of essential services. Therefore. fire and earthquake etc. A techno-legal regime has to be adopted for provisions on Multi Hazard Safety aspects.e. Proposed Disaster Management Centres should be established in every zone to deal with the disasters. including bio-chemical and nuclear disasters. iii) Sensitize people.congregation) for their intensity. and services restoration should be taken up on top most priority. about after effects of disaster. floor. iv) Make people aware through media campaigns and advertisements about emergency procedures and location of emergency shelters etc.

and setting up of power distribution centre in the two new sub-city areas. In order to achieve these objec tives. developers. community groups. Development of utility infrastructure.GOVERNANCE Phasing The plan envisages to activise the plant implementation process in critical areas to be development in two broad phases. trunk sewerage. Expansion of mass transport system to all the habitated areas including partially developed areas. developers. Formulating policies for activising implementation of land development programme in new sub-city areas. A special package of planning and development permission procedure should be conceived and enforced for undertaking land development programme. Development of core housing for the target group. urban development schemes as well as development of housing for the target groups in proposed new sub-city areas. which would activise all other activities in the two new sub-cities as a package programme. the State Government and City Development Authority along with online agencies. Extension of main water grid. The formulation of package of policy for easy flow of land will have to be finalised to be enforced particularly in two new sub-city areas. of size around 4/10 hectare with provisions of peripheral infrastructure. . The first phase will address the requirement of up to year 2014 and second phase shall address to the requirement of 2014 to 2021. will have to engineer actions for development of city level infrastructure in the following critical areas. using partnership approach with land owners. In order to implement the plan propos als. to cover the phase 1 programme of the urban development in the two new-sub-city areas. community groups. power girds. A more pragarmatic package of land disposal policy need to be instituted to motivate speedier development of sub-cities including faster pace of resource mobilisation from all the participants. private developers and public agencies. special residential zones for the affluent population and development of market centre and other social facilities mainly in the new sub-city areas. Activising land development programme through public agency with a view to generate chunks of partially developed sites. intense programme resource mobilisation and yearly development budgeting will have to be engineered through partnership approach among landowners. Creation of routes for BRTS System. and private builders. The role of the State Government envisaged is that of a "enabling agency" which would promote policies to facilitate development to take place as stipulated in the plan proposals. The development of critical road grids.

 Translating integrated urban development programme on annual basis. Monitoring and Review Plan Monitoring The success of Development Plan shall depend on implementation of the proposals of the Development Plan within the stipulated time frame and the resource mobilisation capacity of the first phase programme set out.  Monitoring of budgetary and other investment available with different public agencies flowing into the city development towards identified programmes under the first phase implementation plan. including follow-up action after Development Plan stands sanctioned by the Government.  City infrastructure and service strategy. 2005 reflects that several critical areas which were needed to be addressed were left unattended.  Conservation of areas of cultural heritage.  Identifying developmental roles of public agency and others particularly in critical areas.  Provide services and infrastructure. with the result that basic proposal envisaged in the plan could not get fully transformed into envisaged. The evaluation of implementation status of Bhopal Development Plan.  Optimise Land use and land Utilization. . The critical management areas where the implementation process have suffered as already identified and need reconsideration. Strategy for Plan Implementation The sustained efforts are needed for plan implementation to improve the quality of city life. It is thus.  Participatory approach for supply of land and infrastructure development  These objectives are proposed to be served by implementing strategies in the following areas:  Environmental management and protection strategy.  Setting out yearly physical targets and corresponding investment under critical infrastructure areas. This entails the need t o setup a well defined monitoring mechanism for plan implementation and review. It is proposed to frame plant monitoring mechanism which shall be evolved on the following basis:  Setting up a system of rolling five yearly integrated urban development programme.  Setting up a Priority Action Annual Development Programme in critical areas. physical frame.  Setting up a Co-ordinating Institutional Mechanism.Implementation And Enforcement The Municipal Corporation of Bhopal is a nodal agency for implementation of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Scheme. imperative that an effective plan implementati on strategy needs to be evolved to achieve the following objectives:  Protect Natural Environment.

 Transforming the integrated urban development programme in terms of project and sub-projects defining the role of public agencies and others. .

Development of city infrastructure The committee shall meet quarterly to review the progress of: . Development of sector level and sub-section level facilities. Plan Interpretation Bhopal Development Plan is basically a policy plan. The local plan monitoring committee shall closely monitor the implementation status in the following: Land flow towards .Plan Monitoring Mechanism The Plan monitoring is proposed to be achieved through following levels:  Plan monitoring committee at local level. . The committee shall have representation from all concerned department whose budget and investment are involved in the city development process.  Proposed Development Plan contents should be read with the relevant Portion of the report text along with the applicable development regulations while Interpreting the proposals on the map or while taking any decisions/granting permission. .Housing .Housing and Shelter Projects.Shelter programme for . The following guidelines are therefore laid down for Plan Interpretation. in sub-city areas.W ork Centres .Public open spaces Land Development Proposals . Responsibility Accountability The state Government may approve the constitution of monitoring committee on the local level headed by the Divisional Commissioner. . .  Evaluation of the development report (ADP) by the plan monitoring committee. The Member Secretary of the Committee Shall be the Chtef executive Officer of the Development Authority.Public open spaces target group .Land development with peripheral infrastructure with focus on two new sub-city areas. The proposals contained in the Development plan are generally broad and indicative in nature.Other social facilities.Programme identification.  Submission of report to the committee.  Implementation of the directions issued by the Govt. on annual development report.City infrastructure .  Preparation of an annual development report by the city development authority.Development of recreational areas and organised open spaces .

 Activities permitted within each use zones shall be governed by the frame work stipulated as on Development Regulations. sub-sector. level activities form a part of sector level residential zone and as such not shown.  The Existing location and area spread of neighbourhood. . sector. and other relevant provisions.