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Contents
Underwater Welding........................................................................................2
1. Introduction:...............................................................................................2
2. Scope of underwater welding in Pakistan:...................................................2
3. Visit:.............................................................................................................2
4. Classification of underwater welding:..........................................................3
5. Underwater wet welding:.............................................................................3
6. Physical fundamentals, weld ability and metallurgical issues:....................4
7. Welding power sources:...............................................................................4
8. Underwater dry welding:.............................................................................4
9. Dry welding environment:...........................................................................5
10. Effect of alloying elements on weld metal microstructure and properties:5
10.1 Manganese:.............................................................................................5
10.2 Titanium and boron:.................................................................................6
10.3 Rare earth metals:...................................................................................6
11. Future Scope and developments:..............................................................6
12. References:................................................................................................6
Underwater Welding
Group members
Zain ali kidwai MM-003
Muhammad talha saleem MM-005
Talha Hussain MM-010
Syed munir azeem MM-029
1.
Introduction:
any kind of insulation barrier to prevent the contact of the ambient water with the
place of work, the weld pool, the electric arc, the filler material and the welder. It is
clear that in such conditions there are a number of parameters that considerably
hamper the actual welding process and also affect the quality of welded joints. In
case of dry underwater welding there is no direct contact of surrounding water on
electric arc and weld pool as it is divided by mechanical barrier which ensure dry
environment under atmospheric or hyperbaric pressure, depending on water depth
and object shape or type involved. The search for offshore hydrocarbons has taken
the oil industry into increasingly deep water. Over the past decade activities have
gone beyond the continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, West Africa,
northwest Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. Oil is now being produced from fields
far above 1000 m water depth, with field developments in progress to double these
depths. Importance of the underwater welding and inspection technology is well
proven in numerous cases of installation, repair and maintenance of naval objects.
Moreover, as exploitation of oil and gas seems to move in deep waters, technical
level of those techniques demands further investments and development.
.
3. Visit:
When we talk about underwater welding in Pakistan there are many companies who
are doing this job. As it was our project to study underwater welding so we visited
two companies
Aqua diving.
Indus underwater welding.
Aqua diving gave us the information about the insulation medium, current source,
broco electrode and epoxy use in underwater for adhesive bonding and lastly
underwater cutting torch.
And Indus Underwater welding told us about the project they have recently working
on it which based on corrosion protection. In Gawadar, there is an installation
process of gas pipeline underwater so they weld a zinc anode on pipeline to protect
it.
10.1 Manganese:
Increasing the Mg content of low carbon manganese steel weld metal results in
micro structural refinement through an increase in hardenability. As shown in
the figure manganese contents of underwater wet welds are typically less than
0.5 wt. pct. The manganese content will lead to formation of acicular ferrite in
the as deposited microstructure and refinement in the reheated microstructure
by increasing the hardenability.
Hyperbaric welds are better in quality than wet welds. Present trend is towards
automation. THOR 1 (TIG Hyperbaric Orbital Robot) is developed where diver
performs pipefitting, installs the track and orbital head on the pipe and the rest
process is automated.
12. References:
http://aquadiving.diytrade.com
http://www.askedu.net/student_msg.asp?req=455839#.Vsgg3dz9Xct
https://www.fsb.unizg.hr/usb_frontend/files/1435134788-0underwaterweldingandcuttinggarasickozuh_rev1.pdf
http://www.scribd.com/doc/83652575/Underwater-Welding-Report#scribd
http://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol4_issue6/Version%204/E046042631.pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214914715000318