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123
A-1 Introduction
This appendix presents the procedure for obtaining the pushover curve of the 5-story
frame model used in this study based on the approximate method of Ramirez et al., 2001.
In addition, results from pushover analysis of the frame using the program SAP2000
(Version 7.5) are graphically presented for comparison.
124
In stating the latter condition, the base shear strength of the frame V y , defined as the base
shear at the collapse stage, can be derived as
Vy =
1
2
n
M
n
+
+
(
)
( M pbi i )
pc
N
i =1
( i hi )
(A-1)
i =1
i =
1
1 2 i
(A-2)
where ai = e pb Lb = length factor for beam hinge location at level i; e pb being the
distance of hinge from the beam end, and Lb the beam length.
Assuming a pattern of lateral load proportional to the first mode of the frame under
elastic conditions, i is calculated as
i =
wii1
N
wmm1
(A-3)
m =1
The yield displacement can then be obtained from the relation between the base shear
strength, V y , and the fundamental period of the building under elastic conditions, T1 , as
Vy 2
g
Dy = 2 1
T1
4
W1
where
125
(A-4)
1 =
W1
(A-5)
w
m =1
m m1
wii1
W1 = i =N1
wii21
(A-6)
i =1
dc
+ d b = 0.159 m ; At columns: e pc = d c = 0.121 m
2
Evaluation of term
(M
i =1
pbi
i )
126
Floor i
(kN-m)
(kN-m)
7.898
0.120
1.316
10.397
7.898
0.120
1.316
10.397
7.898
0.120
1.316
10.397
7.898
0.120
1.316
10.397
7.898
0.120
1.316
10.397
M pbi i
M pbi
pbi
i =
51.984
n
1
M
2
n
+
+
(
)
( M pbi i ) = 142.881 kN
pc
i =1
( h )
N
Evaluation of term
i =1
Wi
i1
Wii1
hi
(kN)
(kN)
i hi
(m)
6.806
1.000
5.747
6.806
0.331
1.901
6.939
0.850
4.553
5.898
0.287
1.306
6.939
0.640
3.359
4.441
0.216
0.725
6.850
0.380
2.165
2.603
0.127
0.274
6.850
0.120
0.972
0.822
0.040
0.039
20.570
i i1
127
4.245
Vy =
1
(142.881) = 33.66 kN
4.245
128