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ERP: An Enterprise Resource Planning.

An Enterprise wide system is an off the shell package that provides an integrated suite of
application which provide transactional processing and management information system
for the common core of business process found in accounting, human resource
management, manufacturing and sales and distribution is called ERP.
Architecture:
01.
01. Presentation
02.
03.

02. Application Server

03. Database

01. Presentation
Layer (Front End)

02. Application Server

01. Presentation
Layer (Front End)

02. Application
Server

03. Database

03. Database

Three tier (R/3) Architecture:

USR-01

USR-02

USR-03

FRONT END USERS( USER LOGIN)

SD

FI

APPLICATION LAYER

DATABASE
ORACLE-DB

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Major Benefits of An ERP:

1. Online or real time information made available throughout all functional areas of an
organization.
2. Improves data Standardization and accuracy across the enterprise.
3. Best practices included in the applications.
4. The efficiency is gained through out the organization.
5. The analysis and reporting made available for a long term planning.
6. Motivates Customer satisfaction.
Examples: JD Edwards, People Soft, Oracle apps and SAP...
SAP R/3: Systems applications and products in data processing.
Sap R/3 is 3rd, generation of SAP software. SAP R/3 is based on client server architecture
and a user relational database to track all the information related to a corporation.
SAP runs on UNIX, WINDOWS NT, AS400..
SAP Databases are ORACLE, DB2, MICROSOFT SQL SERVER.
Few Modules of SAP:
1. FI
Finance
2. CO
Controlling
3. MM
Material Management
4. HR
Human Resource
5. PM
Plant Management
6. PP
Production Planning
7. LO
Logistics
8. SD
Sales and Distribution
TRIGGER:
One event in one module such as Material automatically triggers
response in others such as Sales, Finance, Plant Maintenance.
Example:
When a customer places an order.
A purchase order is created
An Inventory is created.
Appropriate documents are created and so on...

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SAP - SYSTEM
FI

CO

AM
PM

PP

BASIS
PS

ABAP/4

MM

BW

WF

SD
IS

HR

QM

DATA WAREHOUSING:
Data warehousing is a time variant, integrated, non-volatile, subjective collection of data
in support of management decision making process.
- William. H. Inmon {Father of Data Warehousing}.

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OLTP VS OLAP

OLTP: Online Transaction Processing System.

Example: SAP R/3
OLAP: Online Analytical Processing System.
Example: SAP BI
OLTP
OLTP is optimized database

OLAP
OLAP is optimized for
reporting
OLTP is normalized system
OLAP is de-normalized system.
OLTP is optimized for write
OLAP is optimized for Read
OLTP is used by operational
OLAP is used by Strategic or
management
Top level management.
OLTP has limited history
OLAP is having historical Data
OLTP holds very detailed data
OLAP holds summarized data
Number of users in OLTP is more
Number of users are Limited in
OLAP
OLTP is a real time
OLAP is near real time.
OLTP is read/write enabled
OLAP is read enabled
OLTP is independent data-mart OLAP is dependent data-mart.
SAP BW:

Today's decision makers urgently need accurate information and complete and up to
date picture of their business and their business environment.
However, that information is spread over a wide variety of platform and applications
throughout the corporate IT structure.
SAP Business Information Warehouse is a robust and forms the foundation of the SAP
business Intelligence Solution.
The reporting and analysis tools with SAP BI offer a easy way to gain access to the
unique information.
This can make obtaining vital facts and figures a complex and time consuming task.

BW DO?:
Staging.
Optimizing
Reporting.

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COMPONENTS OF DATA WAREHOUSING:

ADMINISTRATIVE
WORKBENCH

PRESENTATION SERVICE

META DATA
SERVICES

MODELING
MONITERING

ANALYSIS AND ACCESS

SERVICE

TRANSPORTATION
BI CONTENT

META DATA
MANAGER

STOREAGE SERVICE

TRANSCATION
DOCUMENTATION
ETL SERVICE

META DATA
REPOSITORY

REPORTINT
AGENT

ERM - ENTITY RELATIONALSHIP MODEL

1. Entities are basic business terms like Customer, Product, Organization, Sales Person
etc.,
2. Determining relationship between entities:
One - to - One
Example: Wife to Husband
One to Many
Example: Mother to Children
Many to Many
Example: Teacher to Student

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MASTER DATA:
Describing an entity Attribute which describes an entity and have one to one or one to
many relationship.
DATA:
Data can be both Characteristic and Key figure.
1. Anything we analyzed is a Key figure.
2. Anything we analyzed on the basis is Characteristic.
CHARACTERISTIC:
Which is used n a facts for analysis.
Example: Customer number, Production number etc...
KEYFIGURE:
Which is being analyzed.
Example: Revenue, Price, Measure, Quantity, etc...

MULTI DIMENSIONAL MODELING; - STAR SCHEMA:

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FACT TABLE:
Each classical Star Schema is made of fact table containing facts (transactional).
The central fact table is connected relationally with the surrounding dimension tables via
unique key.
Fact table is highly normalized and master data is contained in dimension table.
Fact table can have maximum 16 characteristic as primary key.
Note: One fact table can hold many dimension tables. But one dimension table can be
assigned to only one fact table.
Example:
DAY_ID
05.12.2014
05.12.2014

CUSTMER_ID
DZS100
DZS200

MATERIAL_ID
M1001
M1002

SALES_VOLUME
5000
3000

QUANTITY
100
100

DIMENSION TABLE:
In the dimension table any number of symmetrically related dimension attributes are
stored. Dimension table holds Master Data.
Example: Customer dimension table.
CUSTMER_ID
DZS100
DZS200

1.
2.
3.
4.

CUSTOMER_NAME
DRED
SAM

CITY
BANGALORE
HYDERABAD

COUNTRY
INDIA
INDIA

Dimension table contains master data.

Each classical Star Schema contains one or more dimensional tables.
Dimension table is dependent of fact table.
Each dimension table has a primary key called Dimension Id with highest granularity.
EXTENDED STAR SCHEMA:

FACT TABLE:
/BIC/F<IC_NAME{INFO_CUBE_NAME}>
1. Fact table is highly normalized.
2. Fact table contains transactional data.
3. Fact table can hold maximum of 16 dimensions.
4. Three are reserved for SAP and 13 are customer defined.
5. One fact table can hold a maximum of 233 key figures.
DIMENSION TABLE: /BIC/D<IC_NAME><1-9, A,B,C,D P,T,U>
1. Dimension table generate Dimension id's for every unique combination of SID's
2. One Dimension table can assign a maximum of 248 SID's.
3. Dimension table is a fact table dependent.
4. Customer defined: 13 dimensions.
5. SAP reserved are three

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P Table
T Table
U Table

SID TABLE:

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Pocket Dimension
Time Dimension
Unit Dimension

/BIC/S<INFO_OBJECT>

1. SID: Surrogated or System ID

2. SID generates unique number for every value.
EXTENDED STAR SCHEMA MAP:

MASTER DATA TABLES:

Master data tables are defined as three types:
1. Attributes
2. Text
3. Hierarchy
Attribute: It holds descriptive property of an info object or entity.
Technical Name: /BIC/M<INFO_OBJ_TECH_NAME >
Text: It supports multi linguistic capability.
Technical Name: /BIC/T<INFO_OBJ_TECH_NAME >

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It holds 0LANG.
It has additional primary key describing:
Short text
0TXTSH
20 Char
Medium text
0TXTMD
40 Char
Long text
0TXTLG
60 Char
Hierarchy: It helps us to detect the organizational towards the fact table.
Technical Name: /BIC/H<INFO_OBJ_TECH_NAME>

ETL: EXTRACTION TRANSFORMATION AND LOAD PROCESS:

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NAVIGATION NUMBER: #101:

SAP LOGON PAGE:

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Step: 01

Purpose:
1. How to load data into info cube using flat files?
2. How to define data flow in SAP BI?
3. How to define different metadata Objects in SAP BI?
4. Load data from Client Workstation.
5. Define full upload.
6. Define Additive Mechanism
7. Fixed currency/fixed unit.
Step: 02
Create a Source file.
DATE
0DATE
20141205
20141205
20141205
20141205
20141205
20141205
20141205
20141205
20141206
20141206
20141207
20141207

CUSTOME
R_NO
PCUS_NO
C_DZS_001
C_DZS_002
C_DZS_003
C_DZS_004
C_DZS_005
C_DZS_006
C_DZS_007
C_DZS_008
C_DZS_001
C_DZS_001
C_DZS_002
C_DZS_003

PRODUCT
_NO
PPRD_NO
PRD_001
PRD_001
PRD_001
PRD_001
PRD_002
PRD_002
PRD_002
PRD_003
PRD_003
PRD_001
PRD_001
PRD_001

PRODUCT
_TYPE
PPRD_TY
GOLD
GOLD
GOLD
GOLD
PERMIUM
PERMIUM
PERMIUM
PLATINUM
PLATINUM
PLATINUM
GOLD
GOLD

Practice file 101(.csv format) Click Here

Step: 03
Create Source System:
Tcode: RSA1

SALES_P
ERSON
PSAL_PR
SPER_001
SPER_001
SPER_001
SPER_002
SPER_002
SPER_002
SPER_002
SPER_001
SPER_001
SPER_001
SPER_002
SPER_002

QUANTITY

REVENUE

P_QNTY
100
200
80
630
522
36
15
45
89
25
10
89

P_REVU
15000
30000
12000
94500
78300
5400
2250
6750
13350
3750
1500
13350

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/n
/o

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- To end the current session and execute tcode: /nRSA1

-To generate new session without ending current session: /oRSA14

Under Modeling ---> Click on Source Systems ---> File ---> Right Click Create ---> Provide
logical Name, Source System Name and click on Green tick(continue).
NOTE: Do not create Source system all the time you upload a flat file. Once created we
can use the same for the rest of flat flies upload on the same system.
Step: 04
Creation of Info Objects.
Note: first create an Info Area( A folder like in SAP system - Logical Area)

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Under Modeling click on Info Objects---> Right click on top node and say Create Info Area
---> Provide Info Area Name(IA_PRJ_BW) ---> Long description as well ---> click continue.
Click on your above info area and say Create Info Object Catalog

Provide Info Object Catalog Name: CHAR_BW101 (Info Object Type: Char)

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Click on create.

Once Created, Click on check and Activate button as per below.

Select your Info Object Catalog right click on Create Info Object.

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Provide the info object name as we have our flat file. click on Continue.

Provide correct data types and desired length and click on Activate button.

Repeat the same for all the Characteristic log for below. Activate every Info Object.

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INFO OBJECT NAME

1. Date
2. PCUS_NO
3. PPRD_NO
4. PPRD_TY
5. PSAL_PR

LNG DESCRIPTION
Date
Customer Number
Product Number
Product Type
Sales Person

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DATA TYPE / LENGTH

DATS/8
CHAR/9
CHAR/9
CHAR/9
CHAR/9

Once created you will see all your characteristic objects under your char log, as shown
below.

Now Create Key Figure Catalog same like above, by selecting Info Object type as key Fig
First activate and log and right click and create the key figures.

Select correct data type as per your data file and activate the as per below.

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Once completed your will see all your char/keyfig objects as below.

Step 05

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Create Info Source:

Create Application Component.

Provide details as below

NOTE: A custom defined Application Component system will add prefix "Z" followed by
your application component name.
Step 06:
Create Data Source as per below

Provide the details as per below and click continue.

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Update the fields and observe the tab and update the fields as per below

Provide the path of your .csv file and provide the number of fields to be ignored.
Selecte the data format as .csv and provide "," comma separated in the first box.

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Provide the info object name what we have created and map with the external data
source.
This triggers data inside to your BW system. Once Info Objects are mapped click enter and
click on copy. Once done click on Activate button.

Step: 07
Select the data source which you just created and right click and create Info Package
which will
Trigger the data into PSA (Persistent Staging Area).

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Provide the name and click on Save.

Go to Schedule page and click on Start.

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Step: 08
Create Info Cube.
Select your info Provide right click and create info cube.

Provide the Info cube name as below and click on create.

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Click on Char info object catalog.

Double click on Char BW101

Right click on Dimension and create the appropriate dimension as per your requirement.

Drag and drop your Char info Objects into Dimensions.

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Once you drag and drop all the objects you would see as below. Now check and activate
the
cube.

Right click on your cube and create transformation.

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Copy paste your data source which you created earlier. Click continue.

Once you click continue you will see as below. Map date to 0CALDAY and 0CALMONTH

Check the transformation and check & Activate. Once done right click and say
create Data transfer process. Check and activate.
On Execute tab page click on Execute. and click Yes, to see DTP monitor...

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If you see Green that means data load is successful.

If you see Yellow data load is still processing.
If you see Red data load is completed with errors and data load is not successful.
To check the data go to contents tab and click on Info Cube contents, select the fields that
you
want see and execute.

Go to content page and click on Info cube contents.

A successful data load to Info Cube. Transactional Data Load.

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