Open Loop versus Closed Loop

Performance in LTE

Lutz Schnerstedt (Presenter), Andreas Weber, Michael Ohm, Thorsten Wild

Bell Labs Germany, Stuttgart
12.2.2009 (VDE/ITG-Fachgruppe 5.2.4 at ComNets RWTH Aachen)

Agenda

1. Open And Closed Loop Transmission in LTE

2. Physical Layer Results
3. System Level Performance
4. Conclusion

Open And Closed Loop Transmission in LTE

Pilot Feedback: PMI, CQI, Rank
SFBC and PARC, TX-Diversity (Closed Loop) and PSRC

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Pilot Feedback
eNodeB

UE

Uplink feedback: PMI, CQI, Rank

Comment

Freq.
Resolution

Available in
open loop

Available in
closed loop

PMI

Prefered
precoding
matrix indicator

Index of best Tx
weight

Subband

CQI

Channel quality
indicator

Supported
transport format

Subband

No. of spatial
streams supported

Full band

Rank

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Downlink MIMO Modes

LTE-MIMO
2 x 2 and 4 x 2 (TX x RX)

Closed loop

Open loop

Single stream

Multi stream

Rank 1

Rank 2-4

OL
Beamforming

OL Tx Diversity

Codebook-based
linear precoding

SFBC

CDD

PARC

Space Frequency
Block Coding

Cyclic Delay
Diversity

(Per Antenna
Rate Control)

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Single & multi stream

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Rank 1: CL Tx Diversity
Rank 2-4: PSRC (Per
Stream Rate Control)

Comparing Downlink MIMO Modes

Single Stream

OL SFBC
Uses diversity by orthogonally transmitting one data stream over two transmit
antennas, to reduce dynamic of the received power.

CL Tx Diversity
Tries to maximize the received power at the mobile by applying precoding (based on
PMI feedback). Sends correlated symbols on transmit antennas.

Dual Stream

OL PARC
Uses diversity to transmit two data streams over two transmit antennas.

CL PSRC
Uses diversity to transmit two data streams over two transmit antennas.
Tries to maximize the received signal quality of the data streams at the mobile by
applying precoding (based on PMI feedback).
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Linear Precoding (for PARC, PSRC and CL Tx Diversity)

Complex linear transmit antenna weights

Codebook
index

Distributes data streams over the antennas

Number of layers
1

1 1

2 1

1 1

2 1

1 1 0

2 0 1
1 1 1

2 1 1

1 1

2 j

1 1 1

2 j j

1 1

2 j

2 Tx with 2 layers example for OFDM:

R8 codebook for 2 Tx
(3GPP TS 36.211)

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Physical Layer Results

Open Loop Single Layer

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SFBC 2x1, 2x2 versus Single Antenna 1x1, 1x2

Legend:

VehA, 120km/h, =0.1, =0.1, QPSK, R=1/3

tx
rx

10

SFBC, 1RX: SFBC 2x1

SFBC, 2Rx: SFBC 2x2
BLER

SISO: 1x1

SIMO: 1x2

-1

10

Gain of SFBC at BLER = 0.1:

SFBC, 2 Rx
SFBC, 1 Rx
SIS O

SFBC 2x2 is 1.1dB better than 1x2.

SIMO, MRC
-2

SFBC 2x1 is 1.8dB better than 1x1.

10

-10

-5

0
SNR [dB]

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10

System Level Performance

Open Loop and Closed Loop Single/Dual Layer

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Cell border throughput over spectral efficiency 3km/h

Simulation Assumptions:

ISD 500m

46dBm per Antenna

10MHz bandwidth

Round Robin
Scheduler

C ell B order T hroug hput [kbits /s ]

210 UEs in 21 sectors

300

280

260

240

S ing le Antenna 3 km/h

S F B C 3 k m/h

220
S F B C _P AR C 3 km/h
T x D iv 3 km/h

200

T x D iv _P S R C 3 k m/h

Single Antenna 1x2

SFBC 2x2

180
0.95

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.15

S pec tral E ffic ienc y [bits /s /Hz ]

CL Tx Diversity 2x2

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1.20

1.25

Cumulative Probability of SINR

1.0

C umulative P robability

0.9
0.8

S in g le A n ten n a

0.7

SFBC
C L T X D iv

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
-20

-10

10

20

P er S u bc arrier S INR meas u red at D ec oder In pu t [dB ]

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30

Cell border throughput over spectral efficiency 250km/h

C ell B order T hroug hput [k bits /s ]

150
S ing le Antenna 250 km/h
S F B C 250 k m/h
T x D iv 250 km/h

145

140

135
0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

S pec tral E ffic ienc y [bits /s /Hz ]

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0.7

SFBC versus CL Tx Diversity

220

SFBC
SFBC
SFBC
SFBC
SFBC
T x D iv
T x D iv
T x D iv
T x D iv
T x D iv

C ell B order T hroug h put [kbits /s ]

210
200
190
180
170
160

30 km/h
60 km/h
90 km/h
120 k m/h
250 k m/h
30 k m/h
60 k m/h
90 k m/h
120 k m/h
250 k m/h

150
140
130
120
0.5

0.6

0.7

S pec tral E ffic ienc y [bits /s /Hz ]

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0.8

Conclusion

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Conclusion

SFBC gains from physical layer simulation couldnt be retrieved in system level
simulation.

Especially at low speed, a transmission technique with higher channel quality
variance (with the same mean quality) handles more throughput. This is due to
the non linear mapping of channel quality and throughput.

Frequency selective schedulers, which can take advantage of situations with
high SINR, promise to improve system performance even more.

With a round robin scheduler and velocities higher than 30 km/h, SFBC
becomes attractive as a fallback mode for closed loop transmit diversity.

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