COMPLETE PET UNIT 1

1. Prepositions of time:
At:
a. Folosit cu ore si mic dejun, etc: at ten oclock, at lunch/dinner/breakfast;
b. Folosit cu expresiile: at the weekend, at night, at New Year, at the
beginning/end of the months, at first (la inceput), al last (la final), at
present, at the moment.
On:
a. Folosit cu zilele saptamanii: on Monday / Tuesday morning / Wednesday
afternoon / Thursday evening / Friday / Saturday / Sunday
b. Cu luna + data: on February 5th
c. Cu expresiile: on the last day of the month/year (in ultima zi a lunii/anului)
d. Cu sarbatori si evenimente: on Christmas, on Easter, on my birthday, on
New Year
In:
a. Cu anotimpurile: in spring / autumn / winter / summer
b. Cu lunile anului: in January / February / March / April / May / June / July /
August / September / October / November / December
c. Cu parti ale zilei: in the morning / afternoon / evening
d. Cu un an: in 2016
e. Cu perioade mai lungi: in the holidays
Until (pana, nu dupa un eveniment): They played until it got dark.
By (pana la, inainte de un eveniment): Can you clean the car by four oclock?
During (in timpul): It rained during the match.
For (timp de): I run everyday for one hour.

2. Frequency adverbs (usually, sometimes, always, rarely, never, hardly

ever = foarte rar/nu prea, etc):

COMPLETE PET UNIT 1

Stau de obicei inaintea verbului:
o We sometimes watch a film in the evening.
o I dont usually go out until 8 oclock.
o It hardly ever rains in July.
Cu am, are, is, was sau were, adverbele stau dupa verb:
o They are always late!
Stau dupa verbul auxiliar (do/did/have/had) si verbele modale (can, could,
etc):
o It has often happened.
o I can never understand him.
Daca vrem, putem pune usually, often, sometimes si occasionally la sfarsitul
sau la inceputul propozitiei:
o Occasionally, we eat in the garden.
o I feel tired sometimes.
Nu putem pune always sau never la inceput sau la sfarsit:
o Always I work hard.
o I play table tennis never.
Expresiile se pun la inceputul sau la sfarsitul propozitiei:
o I have piano lessons once a week.
o Most evenings I stay at home.
Putem forma intrabari folosind:
o How often do you (swim)?
o Do you ever (drink tea)?
o Do you always (walk to school)?

3. Present Simple. (verbul auxiliar TO DO)

Afirmativ

Negativ

Interogativ

COMPLETE PET UNIT 1

I work.

I do not (dont) work.

Do I work? Yes, I do. / No, I

dont.

You work.

You do not (dont) work.

Do you work?

He, she, it
works.

He, she, it does not (doesnt)

work.

Does he, she, it work?

We work.

We do not (dont) work.

Do we work?

You work.

You do not (dont) work.

Do you work?

They work.

They do not (dont) work.

Do they work?

Exprima actiuni care au loc in mod repetat, frecvent, des, rar, cateodata,
exprima rutina:
o I wake up every morning at 7 oclock.
o I go to the cinema every Sunday.
o I often eat ice-cream.
Exprima adevaruri general valabile (legi ale naturii):
o The sun rises in the East.
o The water boils at 100 Celsius degrees.
Exprima ceva ce este permanent adevarat sau ceva ce este adevarat pentru
momentul prezent:
o I speak Romanian.
o She comes from China.
o I am 10.
Probleme de scriere (persoana a IIIa sg.):
Daca verbul are una din urmatoarele terminatii, atunci se adauga es si nu
s.
o s miss he misses
o ch watch he watches
o sh wash he washes
o x fix he fixes
o o go he goes
o y (precedat de o consoana, y-ul se transforma in i si apoi se adauga es)
try he tries.

COMPLETE PET UNIT 1

Present Continuous. (verbul auxiliar TO BE)
Afirmativ
I am working.
You are working.
He, she, it is working.
We are working.
You are working.
They are working.

Negativ
I am not (`m not) working.
You are not (arent) working.
He, she, it is not (isnt)
working.
We are not (arent) working.
You are not (arent) working.
They are not (arent) working.

Interogativ
Am I working?
Are you working?
Is he, she, it working?
Are we working?
Are you working?
Are they working?

Pentru a exprima situatii temporare, care nu mai dureaza mult:

o She is staying at her sister.
o I am living in Londor for a few months.
o I am reading an extraordinary book.
Pentru a exprima actiunea care are loc ACUM, in momentul vorbirii si este in
plina desfasurare.
o I am eating now.
o You are reading now.
Pentru a exprima obiceiuri deprinse recent sau o situatie prezenta dar
temporara:
o Shes eating a lot these days.
o Youre smoking too much.
o Youre working late every night.
Pentru a exprima o situatie care se schimba lent:
o The weather is improving.
o Im getting better at playing the piano.
Pentru a exprima obiceiuri si deprinderi care te enerveaza, care au loc prea
des si tu nu esti de acord de ele; folosit cu always si forever:
o Youre always losing your keys!
o Youre forever being late!
Pentru a exprima ceva ce se intampla in mod frecvent; folosit cu always:
o My girlfriend is always cooking me special meals.

Probleme de scriere:

Daca verbul are o singura silaba si contine o vocala intre 2 consoane,

consoana finala se dubleaza:
o hit hitting
o stop stopping
o run running
Daca verbul se termina in e, e-ul dispare atunci cand se adauga ing:
o close closing
Daca verbul se termina in ie, ie-ul se transforma in y si se adauga ing:
o die - dying
4. State verbs

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Verbele statice descriu stari, nu actiuni si de obicei nu pot fi puse la forma continua.
Aceste verbe descriu:

Thoughts (ganduri): believe, know, remember, forget, think (= a crede, nu a

gandi), feel (= a crede, nu a simti), guess (= a crede, nu a ghici), suppose,
understand, etc.
Feelings: like, hate, want, need, prefer, etc.
Senses: smell, taste, hear, see
Possession: have, belong, own, contain, include, etc.
Existence: exist, remain, consist, seem, mean, matter, etc.
Verbul be.

Unele verbe statice pot fi folosite la forma continua atunci cand exprima o actiune:
Im thinking about what you said.
Shes feeling unhappy.
I am tasting the milk.
I am smelling the flowers.
I am being happy.
I am seeing the new car.

5. Countable and uncountable nouns

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Countable = substantive care au forma de plural si singular; se folosesc some (in
propozitii afirmative) si any (in propozitii negative si interogative) cu forma de
plural;
Uncountable = substantive care au forma doar de singular; verbele sunt puse
mereu la singular (The money is on the table); se folosesc some (in propozitii
afirmative) si any (in propozitii negative si interogative) cu forma de singular;
Exemple de uncountable nouns:

Accommodation (cazare)
Experience
Knowledge (cunostinte)
Noise (zgomot)
Shampoo
Time
Advice (sfat)
Food
Luggage (valiza)
Paper
Smoke
Transport
Countryside
Furniture (mobila)
Make-up
Pollution
Software
Work
Damage (paguba, dauna)
Homework
Money
Rain
Space
Electricity
Housework
Music
Research (cercetare)
Sugar
Gold
Equipment
Information
News
Scenery (peisaj)

Sunshine

6. A few, a little, many, much, a lot of, lots of

A few cativa/cateva/ putin/putina = folosit cu countable nouns: a few

students;
A little cativa/cateva/putin/putina = folosit cu uncountable nouns: a little

information;
Many mult/multi/multe = folosit cu countable nouns: many houses;
Much mult/multi/multe = folosit cu uncountable nouns in propozitii
negative si in intrebari: There isnt much information. Do you have much

homework?
A lot of/ lots of = foarte mult/multa; folosit cu countable si uncountable
nouns: We had a lot of fun. Does she have lots of money?
o Daca nu exista niciun substantiv dupa lot, nu se mai pune of: I like

him a lot.
Se mai pot folosi si alte cuvinte pentru a exprima cantitatea substantivelor
uncountable: a bit of (food), an amount of (money), a drop of (water).

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Prepositions of place
At (la): pentru a exprima un loc: at the bus station, si in expresii precum: at
the back, at the station, at the seaside, at school si at a party;
o dupa verbul arrive: I arrived at your house.
o cand vorbim de un loc in care s-a intamplat ceva: I saw a film at the
o

cinema.
cand vorbim de un eveniment: My favourite band played at the

concert.
cu expresiile: at the top/bottom/side = sus/jos/alaturi

On (pe): folosit cu suprafete: on the table, on the wall, on the ceiling si cu

linii: on the coast, on the island, on the border; cu transportul in comun: on

the bus, on the train, on the plane.

In: folosit cand ceva/cineva este in interioul unui spatiu: in a building, in a
field, in the water, in America, in Europe, in Iasi, in a park, in a garden, in a

21.

room, in a car/taxi
Get onto (the bus) intra in autobuz
Get off (the bus) da-te jos din autobuz
Walk into (the shop) intra in magazine
Walk out of (the shop) iesi din magazin
Under (sub): The book is under the table.
On/on top of (pe/deasupra): The book is on top of the TV.
Below/under (sub, jos, in josul): The books are below the table.
Along (de-a lungul): I followed the man along the river.
Through (prin): We ran through the forest.
Round (in jurul): We walked roung the park.
Across/over (peste): The houses are across/over the lake.
In front of (in fata): The cat is in front of the house.
Behind (in spatele): The tree is behind the house.
Opposite (fata in fata, vis-a-vis): The bank is opposite the supermarket.
Between (intre): The school is between the post office and the bank.
By/beside/next to (langa): The girl is by/beside/next to her father.