HISTORICAL SETTING

From the beginning, we noted that such inquiries are made not solely about
the situation and prospect of the single individual but about those group
the tribe, the kingdom and the nation.

Biblical Beginnings

The earliest recorded instances of intelligence fathering can be found

in the Holy Bible (num.13) When Moses was in the wilderness with
the children of Israel, he was directed by the Lord to send a ruler to
each of the tribes of Israel to spy out the land of Canaan which the
Lord had designed as their home. They spent forty days on their
mission and thereafter reported back to Moses their findings.
The earliest recorded instances of intelligence fathering can be found
in the Holy Bible (num.13) When Moses was in the wilderness with
the children of Israel, he was directed by the Lord to send a ruler to
each of the tribes of Israel to spy out the land of Canaan which the
Lord had designed as their home. They spent forty days on their
mission and thereafter reported back to Moses their findings.
Rahab - The harlot of Jericho ( Joshua 2:1-21) who sheltered and
concealed the agents of Israel, made a covenant with the agents and duped
their pursuers.
She was not only an impromptu confederate of immense value for the Jewish
leader of that far distant day, but also established a plot-pattern which is still
of periodic relief to motion picture producers.
Deliah - The Philistine used her when she allowed Philistine spies to hide in
her house (Judges 16:1-19).She was an impromptu intelligence agent.
She also allowed sex to gain intelligence from a powerful enemy.
She achieved the largest effective force of her employers adversaries and
contriving the stroke which put that force out of action.
Sun tzu - A Chinese philosopher takes a more practical view according to
him, what is called foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits, nor from
gods nor from/analogy with past events nor from calculations.
He wrote, it must be obtained from men who knew the enemy situation.
The book was entitled, The Art of War, the favorite readings of the late
Mao Tse Tung and is a required reading material for the Chinese Communist
Tacticians.
He Further wrote: if you know thy enemy and know yourself, you need
not fear the results of a hundred battles
if you know yourself and not the enemy, for every victory, you
suffer defeat
if you know neither yourself nor the enemy you are a fool who will
meet defeat in every battle
Alexander the great - When he was marching to Asia, were rumors of
disaffection growing among his allies and mercenaries. He sought the truth
and got it by simplest expedient. He devised the first letter sorting and
opening to obtain information.

Gen. Romano Q. Sertorius

- The Roman commander in Spain. He

possessed a white fawn and allowed it to become widely known that he
derived both secrets and guidance from the fawn.
His intelligence agents credited their information to the supernatural of
animals.

AKBAR
The Great Mogul and sagacious master of Hindustan employed more
than 4000 agents for the sole purpose of bringing him the truth that his
throne might rest upon it.

GENGHIS KHAN
A Mongol who use intelligence to conquer China and invade Cathay.
He instructed his generals to send out spies and use prisoners as a source of
information.
He was the leader of the so called Mongol Conquerors, who used effective
propaganda machine by spreading rumors of Mongol terror. They collected
information on the witnesses of rivals by posing themselves as disguise merchants

Renaissance Period
Sir Francis Walsingham
In England, he, who under Queen Elizabeth organized the first national
intelligence service.
He employed spies on the staff of the admiral in command of the Spanish
Army and able to obtain information regarding Spanish Army as to their
ships, equipments, forces and stores.
He protected Queen Elizabeth I from countrys assassins

ARMAND JEAN DU PLESSIS / RICHELIEU

He introduced the networks of covert collectors who transmitted prompt and
accurate information to Paris regarding the activities of the rebels and
dissidents of the kingdom.
He was born on Paris on September 09, 1585.
He took the name Rechelieu from the name of his familys state.
He set out on the military career and became cardinal by 1622.
In 1624, he was the Chief or Prime Minister of King Louis XIII.
He became the most powerful person in France, because Louis was a weak
king and he is strong.
He had control of almost every facet of French politics, from the daily
activities of the court to foreign policy and affairs. His dual role as head of the
church in French unity, as well as the person who released France from its
medieval nature.
LOUIS XIV
Systematized political policy, continuous surveillance, postal censorship and
military intelligence organization.
The French Intelligence System continued since 15 th Century.

NAPOLEON BONAPART

 He maintained Military Intelligence and Secret Political Police Service all over
Europe.
Spy against spy was of high proportion during his time wherein
counterespionage came into popular usage.
one spy in the right place is worth 20,000 men in the field . He
organized two Bureau of Interest: BUREAU OF INTELLIGENCE
TOPOGRAPHIC BUREAU

TWO BUREAU OF INTEREST:

BUREAU OF INTELLIGENCE consolidate all incoming information

regarding the enemy for presentation to the emperor and to obtain

information as desired.
TOPOGRAPHIC BUREAU maintains a large map, which covers the
latest information regarding both enemy and friendly forces.

FREDERICK THE GREAT

He was known as the Father of Organized Military Espionage.
He has divided his agents into
Four classes:
a. Common Spies
b. Double Spies
c. Spies of Consequences
d. Persons who are forced to undertake espionage against his will

Hannibal
One of the brilliant military strategies in history.
He had developed an effective intelligence system for 15 years in Rome, and
he usually roam around the City often disguise as a beggar to gather first
hand information

JULIUS CAESAR
During his time, the staff of each legion includes ten speculators who
served as an information-collecting agency.
The speculators were the first intelligence personnel to appear definitely
in a military organization.
Military success of Romans was aided by communication system through the
use of Pigeons.
They also employed ciphers to ensure secrecy of communication.

GEORGE WASHINGTON
Conspirator under oath abounds in the history of every nation.
He, as Grand Master mobilized the free masons of the colonies at the
outbreak of the American war of independence.

KARL SCHULMEISTER

Known as Napoleons eye, Napoleons Military secret.

He was born on August 5, 1770.
He began his career in offensive espionage.
Under a cover role, he was able to infiltrate the Austrian General Staff.

ALFRED REDL

 One of the most brilliant intelligent agent, though a homosexual.

Become chief of the Austro-Hungarian Secret Service, but in fact a double
agent in Russia.
In 1913, his treason was discovered and he was forced to commit suicide.
His treason lead to the death of 500,000 agents and soldiers combine in his
13 years espionage episode.

WILHELM JOHANN CARL EDUARD STIEBER

Bismarcks master spy

Director of the Bureaus
Agent of Domestic Surveillance
External Agent
He worked in reality for the Tsars Ochrana.
He invented modern information gathering.
He further device military censorship and organized military propaganda.
He works as an census taker.

The Braham Kautilya

In Ancient India, he overthrew the NANDA dynasty and established the first
MAYURYAN king in the Indian Throne.
He recommended to his king that for the ruler to succeed, the ruler should
strike at his enemys weak points by means of spies.
He proposed the: Intrigues and Spies - Winning over enemys people Siege
and assault.

Mayuryan Spy System

Rivaled the modern Soviets.
Tasks:
1. Shadow the Kings ministers and officials and attempt to determine their very
thoughts.
2. Report wrongdoings of the people.
3. Operate secretly in foreign countries.
4. Spread unrest.
5. Commit act of sabotage
6. Assassinate political and military leaders.
7. Official envoys were instructed to make friends with officials of the enemy to
compare their Military strengths with their own.

WILLIAM DONOVAN
Major General, organizer of the OSS (Office of the Strategic Service, US)
Builder of central intelligence system.

HERBERT YARDLEY
Head of the MI-8
The forerunner of the Top Secret National Security Administration
a.k.a. Black Chamber, a Cryptanalytic Organization

BATTLE OF MIDWAY
In June 1442, the turning point of the Naval in the Pacific, the victory gained
by the Americans was due to the disrupted messages from the Imperial
Japanese Navy.

ADMIRAL ISOROKU YAMAMOTO

 April 1943, the Cryptoanalyst of the US Navy Communications

Intelligence intercepted a top-secret signal relaying the travel of the
Admiral. En route he was intercepted and crashed in the Jungles of
Baungainville.

V2 RACKETS
OSS Agents working in conjunction with the British Intelligence, through
penetration and technical intelligence discovered Pneumundo, which was the
V2 guide missile research project of Nazi Germany. It resulted to its
destruction and heavy bombing.

EDWARD I

State Informer
King of England in 1725.
He organized a systematic police system so called Witch and Ward
By Royal proclamation, the profession State Informer was created in
1734 enjoining all informers to expose criminal activities and be
compensated.

JOSEPH FOUCHE
He served as minister of police under Napoleon and was influential in the
return of Louis XVIII to the throne in 1815.
Bonapartes Head of Internal Security.
He created a network of agent.
His assistance founded the modern system of spying on spies, which later
was known as Counter Espionage.

JOSEPH PETROSINO
Member of New York Police Department in early 1900.
He was the head of the Italian Squad.
He is credited to smash the Black Society.

FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION (FBI)

First established in 1908 as an investigative arm of the US Department of Justice. It
becomes what is known as the FBI under its first director John Edgar Hoover in
1924. on Sept. 6, 1939 by a presidential directive, it came to its responsibility the
task of a domestic intelligence.

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

The agency was created under the US National Security Act of 1947
a.k.a. Public Law 110 established by the late President Truman in
January 1946.
It is under the National Security Council.
The first Director of the Agency was Rear Admiral Roscoe Hillenkoetter.
The committee for state security Russia
The intelligence agency known as KGB Komitet Gosudarstvennoy
Bezopasnosti (KGB)

THE MOSSAD
( Ha-mosad le modiin u-letafquidim meyuhadim) The agency motto is found
in proverbs XI, 14 where no councel is, the people fall, but in the
multitude of counselors there is safety.

 Mossad has two branhes namely:

Aman- Military intelligence (Israel Defense Forces
Shabak- General Security service (Internal Security.
SHABAK
Is from the word shin bet that means a defender who shall not be seen.

Reuven Shiloah
- The first Director of MOSSAD.

KCIA
- Korean Central intelligence agency

THE SCOTLAND YARD

The London Metropolitan Police Force
Established by Sir Robert Peel in 1892.
Thus the beginning of a colorful legendary police force and considered one of
the most efficient in the world today.