PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK

SPM

CHEMISTRY
MODULE 1

CHEMICAL FORMULAE
AND
EQUATIONS
ORGANISED BY:

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG

TOPIC

: CHEMICAL FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS

SUBTOPIC : MOLE CONCEPT

(a)
The number of shoes :..

1 pair of shoes
(b)
The number of cars :
1 dozen cars
(c)
The number of apples : ..

1 gross apples
(d)
The number of lead atoms is: ..

1 mol lead

1 mol zink

Figure 1

1 mol copper

You can count the number of items in 1 pair, I dozen and 1 gross.
1 pair

items

1 dozen =

items

1 gross

items

Can you count the number of atoms in 1 mol of the lead in figure 1 ?
Chemist began to realize that numbers like 2, 12 and 144 were much too small to
use when working with individual parts of matter like atoms and molecules. They
chose the term MOLE to represent the amount of particles of matter.The
number associated with the mole is
602 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 OR 6.02 x 1023

This huge number is known as the Avogadros Constant or Avogadros Number,

NA
1 mol

particles

Chemist use Avogadros number to define mole !!!!

One mole of any

substance contains
6.02 x 1023
particles.

Activity 1

Relating the number of particles to the Avogadros

constant

Particles

Example

One mole
1 mole of diamond =

Atoms

__________________
carbon atoms
1 mole bromine gas =
______________________

Molecules
molecules

1 mole of sodium chloride =

___________________
Ions
sodium ions and ___________
chloride ions.

Chemist used the unit mole to measure the amount of substances.

How much is one mole ?

Definition !!!

12 grams of carbon contains 6.02 x 1023 carbon atoms

1 mole is the amount of substances that contain as many particles as

the number of atoms present in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12

Activity 2
Relationship between mole and the number of particles
copper

1 mole of copper
Cu

..of atoms

of molecules
chlorine

1 mole of chlorine
Cl2
..of atoms

carbon dioxide

1 mole of carbon
dioxide
CO2

of molecules

.. .of atoms
...of carbon
atoms
..of oxygen
atoms

Relating the number of particles to the Avogadros constant , N A

NA = 6.02 x1023

X NA

Number of
moles

Number of
particles

NA

Figure 3

Examples

How many moles are there in

a) 1.204 x 1023 copper atoms
b)

3.01 x 1024 water molecules

No of mole = no of
particles
NA

Answers
1 (a)

The number of mole of copper atoms

= Number of Cu atoms
NA
= 1.204 x 1023
6.02 x 1023
= 0.2 mol

(b) The number of mole of water molecules

= Number of water molecules
NA
= 3.01 x 1024
6.02 x 1023
= 5 mol

Determine the number of atoms or molecules in

a)

1.5 moles of zinc

b)

2 moles of bromine gas

No of particles = no of mole x NA

Answers
2 (a) The number of zinc atoms
= Number of mol of zinc atoms x NA
= 1.5 x 6.02 x 1023
= 9.03 x 1023 atoms
(b) The number of bromine gas
= Number of mol of bromine x 6.02 x 1023
=

2 x 6.02 x 1023

1.204 x 1024 molecules

Activity 3
Calculation involving Avogadros Number , NA

1.

Calculate the number of particles (atoms or molecules ) in

(a)

1 mol of carbon atoms

=carbon atoms

(b)

0.5 mol of magnesium atoms = .magnesium atoms

(c)

4 mol of hydrogen gas = ...hydrogen molecules

(d)

1.5 mol of oxygen gas = ..oxygen molecules

(e)

0.6 mol of chlorine gas = chlorine molecules

2 Determine the number of moles from the number of particles given below.

(a) 6.02 x 1023 copper atoms

= mol copper

(b) 2 x 6.0 x 1023 magnesium atoms = mol magnesium

(c) 3.01 x 1022 potassium atoms =mol potassium
(d) 1.505 x 1023 lithium atoms = mol lithium
(e) 6.02 x 1022 sodium atom = .mol sodium

10

You are given the following substances :

Nitrogen

Ammonia

Carbon

Sulphur

Water

Chlorine

Carbon dioxide

Argon

Lead

Helium

Classify the above substances into atoms and molecules and then
complete the table below.
Atomic substance

Molecular substance

Calculate the number and types of particles in the table below:Number of mole of
substances
0.5 mol of water

Number and type of particles

3.01 x 1023 water molecules

2 mol of carbon dioxide

0. 4 mol argon
2.5 mol carbon
0.007 mol chlorine

11

Each container in figure 4 contains certain amount of oxygen

molecules. Determine the number of oxygen molecules in each container
and then complete the table below.

A
6.02 x 1023

3.01 x 1023

1.806 x 1024

Figure 4

Container

Number of mole of oxygen molecules

A
B
C

12

SECTION A Choose the correct answer .

1.

The Avogadros Constant is the number of

(Relative atomic mass : C,12 ; He,4 ; Ca, 40 ; Cl,35.5)
A atoms in 12 g of carbon
B atoms in 8 g of helium gas
C chloride ions in 111g of calcium chloride
D molecules in 35.5 g of chlorine gas

2.

What is the total number of molecules in 0.1 mol of oxygen

(Relative atomic mass : O,16 ; Avogadro constant = 6.02 x 10 23)

A 3.01 x 1023
B

6.02 x 1023

6.02 x 1022

3.01 x 1022

13

3. 1 mole of oxygen and 1 mole of carbon dioxide have

(Relative atomic mass : C,12 ; O,16 )
A the same mass
B the same number of electrons
C the same number of atoms
D the same number of molecules

4. How many molecules are there in 3 moles of carbon dioxide

given that the Avogadros constant is 6.02 x 10 23 mol-1 .
A

1.204 x 1024 molecules

6.02 x 1024 molecules

1.806 x 1024 molecules

1.806 x 1023 molecules

14

5 Find the number of atoms in 1.5 moles of chlorine gas.

( Avogadros Constant = 6.02 x 1023 )
A 9.03 x 1023
B

1.8 06 x 1023

9.03 x 1024

1.8 06 x 1024

6 . Which of the following contains the most number of atoms ?

( Relative atomic mass : H.1 ; O,16 ; C,12 ; Cu,64 ; Pb, 207 )
A

0.2 mol carbon dioxide

0.1 mol water

0.1 mol lead

D 0.2 mol copper

15

7. The formula mass of sodium chloride

I

has exactly a mass of 58.5 g

II

is equivalent to 1 mole of sodium chloride

III contains 6.02 x 1023 ions

IV

has the mass of one molecule of sodium chloride

A I and II only
B I and III only
C I,II and III only
D I, II, III and IV

8. Which of the following has the same number of

atoms as in 1 mole of ammonia gas ?
( Relative atomic mass : H,1 ; C,12 ; N,14 ; O,16 , Al,27 )
A

2.5 moles of oxygen gas

1.5 moles of water

3 moles of water

4 moles of carbon dioxide

3

16

9.

What is meant by one mole of a substance ?

A The quantity of the substance containing 6.02 x 10 23 particles
B

The mass of the substance that is similar to 1 of the mass of

12

one carbon atom.

C

The quantity of the substance that is similar to the mass of

one carbon atom

The number of particles similar to the number of atoms in 16 g

of oxygen

17

10. Which of the following equations are written correctly ?

I Number of moles of atoms = number of atoms
NA
II Number of moles of molecules = Number of molecules
NA
III Number of moles of substance = mass of substance
NA
IV Number of particles =

mass of particles
NA

A I, II and III
B I and II
C II and IV
D I, II, III and IV

Section B
18

1
Matter
Oxygen

Formula
O2

Ammonia
Water

Number of
moles
1

Mass/g

1.5

25.5

Total number
of molecules

Total number
of atoms

3 .01 x 1023

H2O
Table 1

(Relative atomic mass : H,1 ; N,14 ; O,16 ; Na,23 ; S,32 and Avogadros
constant = 6.02 x 1023 mol-1)
(a) Complete table 1
(b)

Calculate the number of molecules in 0.1 mole of sulphuric acid, H 2SO4

(c)

What is the mass of 1 mole of nitrogen molecules ?

16

(d) Calculate the total number of ions in 0.25 mol of sodium sulphate , Na 2SO4

2 The mole and Avogadros constant are often used during chemical
calculations.

19

(a) What is
i) a mole of a substance ?

ii) Avogadros constant ?

(b) i) How does a mole relate to the Avogadros constant ?

ii) Give an example by referring to a mole of atoms and a mole of

molecules

Answer Key
20

Activity 1
6.02 x 1023 ; 6.02 x 1023 ; 6.02 x 1023 ; 6.02 x 1023
Activity 2
Copper - 6.02 x 1023
Chlorine - 6.02 x 1023 ; 1.2 x 1024
Carbon dioxide 6.02 x 1023 ; 1.806 x 1024 ; 6.02 x 1023 ; 1.204 x 1024
Activity 3
1 (a) 6.02 x 1023
(b) 3.01 x 1023
(c) 2.408 x 1024
(d) 9.03 x 1023
e) 3.612 x 1023
2 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)

1
2
0.05
0.25
0.1

3
Atomic substance
Carbon
Lead
Sulphur
Argon
Helium
4 1.204
2.408
1.505
4.214
5

Molecular substance
Nitrogen
Water
Carbon dioxide
Ammonia
Chlorine

x 1024 carbon dioxide molecules

x 1023 argon atoms
x 1024 carbon atoms
x 1021 chlorine molecules

A 1
B 0.5
C 3

ASSESSMENT
Section A
1 A
21

2 C
3 D
4 C
5 D
6 A
7 A
8 D
9 A
10 B

Section B
1 (a)
Matter

Formula

Oxygen
O2
Ammonia NH3
Water
H2O

No of
moles
1
1.5
0.5

Mass /g
32
25.5
9.0

Total no of
molecules
6.02 x 1023
9.03 x1023
3.01 x 1023

Total no of
atoms
1.204 x 1024
3.612 x 1024
9.03 x 1023

(b) 6.02 x 1`023

(c) 1.75 g
(d) 4.515 x 1023 ions
2 (a) (i) A mole of a substance is the amount of substance which contains the
same number of particles as the number of carbon atoms in exactly 12 g of
carbon-12.
(ii) One Avogadros number contains 6.02 x 10 23 particles
(b) (i) One mole is a quantity of a substance containing one Avogadros
number of particles.
Therefore one mole of any substance contains 6.02 x 1023 particles.
(ii) In 1 mol of oxygen atoms there are 6.02 x 1023 oxygen atoms
In 1 mole of oxygen gas there are 6.02 x 102 oxygen molecules

22