Lahore University of Management Sciences

Math 204 Introduction to Formal Mathematics

Fall 2015-2016
Instructor

Shamim A. Arif

Room No.

9-235

Office Hours

TBA

Email

sarif@lums.edu.pk

Telephone

35608228

Secretary/TA

Shazia/Noreen

TA Office Hours

TBA

Course URL (if any)

Course Basics
Credit Hours

Lecture(s)

Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week

Recitation/Lab (per week)

Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week

Tutorial (per week)

Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week

Duration

2 lectures of 100 minutes per week

Duration
1

Duration

1 hour

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this course, the students will be able to:
Analyze statements using truth table
Construct simple proof including proofs by contradiction and proofs by induction
Prove statements about sets and functions
Prove standard results about countable sets
Course Distribution
Core

Math Major

Elective
Open for Student Category

All students

Close for Student Category

None

COURSE DESCRIPTION
Advanced Mathematics introduces progressively more and more abstract ideas and structures, and demands more and more in the way of proofs,
until by the end of a mathematics degree most of students time is occupied with understanding proofs and creating his or her own.
Proofs are important because of proof one knows things in mathematics, and it is its proofs that the strength and richness of mathematics is to be
found. Learning to deal with abstraction and with proofs takes time. This course aims to bridge the gap between school and university
mathematics, by beginning with some rather concrete techniques where the emphasis is on calculation, and gradually moving towards abstraction
and proof.
COURSE Anti-PREREQUISITE(S)

Lahore University of Management Sciences

COURSE OBJECTIVES
Address the problem of enumerating sets
To supply evidence that such problems are both intriguing and provocative, and require rigorous proof To
explain the fundamental ideas of sets, numbers and functions
To Compare and contrast language and logic
To introduce the study of integers, prime numbers and modular arithmetic
To introduce the ideas of algebraic structures and show by examples, how the same structure can arise in many different
situations.

Apply Euclids Algorithm to find the greatest common divisor of pairs of integers and to solve linear Diophantine equations To
solve simultaneous linear congruence
Prove Fermats Little Theorem
Construct multiplication tables for congruence classes
Have a informal introduction of algebraic structures and understanding of isomorphism between the groups.
Grading Breakup and Policy(tentative)
Quiz(s): 30%
Midterm: 30%
Final Examination: 40%

Examination Detail
Midterm
Exam
Final Exam

Yes/No:
Yes/No:
Exam Specifications:

COURSE OVERVIEW
Week/ Lecture/
Module

Topics

Recommended
Readings

Basic Logic and Proofs

Mathematical Statements, Propositions, Conditionals and
Biconditionals; implications, necessary and sufficient, iff,
Quantifiers, universal and existential statements
Proofs; direct proofs, case-by-case, working backwards
Indirect proofs, negative statements, proofs by contradiction,
contrapositive
Proofs involving quantifiers

Chapter 1
1.1-1.6

Sets
Basic concept of Sets,
Set Operations, identities, Venn diagrams, power sets
Mathematical induction, Generalized principle of mathematical
induction ,principle of complete induction
Equivalent forms of Induction, The Well ordering principle, Principles
of counting

Chapter 2
2.1-2.6

Objectives/
Application

Lahore University of Management Sciences

Relations and Partitions
Cartesian products and relations
Equivalence relations
Partitions
Ordering Relations

Chapter 3
3.1-3.4

Functions
Functions as relations
Construction of Functions
Injections, Surjections, Bijections
Inverse Functions, Inverse Images
Image of Sets

Chapter 4
4.1-4.5

Cardinality
Equivalent Sets; Finite Sets, the Pigeon-hole Principle
Infinite Sets; Countable, Uncountable
Cardinal Numbers Axiom
of Choice

Chapter 5
5.1-5.5

Arithmetic
Integers, Divisibility
Division algorithm
Primes and Factorization, Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic Linear
Diophantine Equations

Lecture Notes

Modular Arithmetic
Congruence and modular arithmetic
Linear Congruence, Chinese Reminder Theorem
Fermats Theorem, Eulers phi function
Eulers theorem

Lecture Notes

Algebraic Structures
Algebraic Structures
Groups
Subgroups
Order of an element, Lagrange Theorem
Homomorphism and Isomorphism
Brief introduction to Rings and Fields, Examples

Lecture Notes

Textbook(s)/Supplementary Readings
D. Smith, M. Eggen, R. S. Andre, A Transition to Advanced Mathematics, 7th Edition
P.J. Eccles, An Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning: Numbers, Sets and Functions, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
I.N. Stewart and D.O. Tall, Foundations of Mathematics, OUP, 1977
J. Farleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, Addison-Wesley