Automotive Cooling System

1.Why we need cooling system???

According to second law of thermodynamics.
Continued operation will weaken the engine parts.

Keeps engine at proper operating temperature.(200

Degrees F)
Also has other functions such as running your heater

inside your car.

2.TYPES OF COOLING SYSTEMS

AIR COOLING SYSTEM

WATER COOLING SYSTEM

3.Air Cooling
->Principle- current of air flowing
continuously over the heated metal
surface from where heat is to be
removed.

->Heat dissipation factors1) Surface area of metal into contact

with air
2) Mass flow rate of air
3) Temperature difference between
the heated surface and air
4)Conductivity of metal

->Use of fins- Surface area of metal

into contact with air can be increased
by using fins

4.Water Cooling System

-> Cooling medium used is
water
->Cooling water flows through
water jackets surrounding
engine cyllinder

->heat flows from the cyllinder

walls ->water -> radiator -> air
-> Types of water cooling
systems1) Thermosyphon system
2) Pump circulation system

5.COMPONENTS OF WATER COOLING SYSTEM

Radiator
Pressure cap & Expansion reserviour
Thermostat

Pump
Fan
Coolant

6.Radiator
->Function- to ensure close contact of
hot coolant coming out of engine with
outside air, so as to ensure high rate of
heat transfer from the coolant to air
->Uses fins to guide air flow around
coolant hose.
->Hot coolant from the engine enters
the radiator at top cooled by cross flow
of air while flowing down

->Coolant collected in the collector tank

is pumped to engine for cooling
->Made of aluminium

Pressure Cap
Function- to cover the radiator filler neck , forms
air tight joint , due to which coolant can be
maintained at some high pressure than the
atmosphere. Due to high pressure the boiling point
is raised
->engine can be operated at a higher temperature
without boiling the coolant.
-> usefull at high altitudes where low pressure
causes coolant to boil at lower temperature.
->pressure cap should never be opened when the
radiator is hot.

Expansion Valve
Function- To keep the system full of
coolant
->usually made of translucent plastic,so
that it can indicate level of the coolant any
time
-> These systems are known as coolant
recovery systems

Thermostat
-> Function-Allows coolant
to enter radiator once engine is
at operating temperature.
->Helps engine stay at
operating temperature.
->Once engine cools it shuts
again blocking off the radiator.

Fan
Made of metal or plastic.
Either motor driven or electric.
Motor driven fans are usually used on Rear-wheeled

drive, and electric is used on Front-wheeled drive cars.

Used to pull air through radiator to cool coolant.
Usually used with a shroud made of plastic or metal to
properly guide air flow.

Fans Cont.
Most electric fans are connected to a thermostat which

controls when they operate.

Clutch fans are used to control engine operated fans.
These engage at certain temperatures also but the
clutch itself controls it.

Water Pump
Centrifugal Design meaning the coolant is pushed

outwards.
This causes the fluid to move throughout the system.
Pulley driven.

Coolant
Most modern day coolant is ethylene glycol, also called

antifreeze.
Doesnt freeze and has a higher boiling point then
water so its more efficient.
It is very toxic though and is harmful if swallowed. It is
a bright green similar to the background of this to
warn humans of what it is so its doesnt get drank.

Coolant Cont.
Has a sweet taste so sadly pets and other animals are

attracted to it if not disposed of properly.

Many new efficient non toxic coolants have been
hitting the market such as propylene glycol.

Heater Core
A small radiator located inside dash.
Once heater is turned on coolant is allowed into

heater core.
A fan called a blower motor then forces air through
heater core warming it and then blows it into car.