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Nursing Instructor
Dhaka Nursing College, Dhaka
Subject: Biology
Topic: Organization of living matter
Level of student: Midwifery 1st year
Date:
Science: Science is a methodology for learning about the world. It
involves the application of knowledge. The scientific method deals
with systematic investigation, reproducible results, the formation and
testing of hypotheses, and reasoning.
Biology - The Life Science
The word biology means, "The science of life", from the Greek bios,
life, and logos, word or knowledge. Therefore, Biology is the science of
Living Things. That is why Biology is sometimes known as Life
Science.
Living things are able to adapt over time by the process of natural
selection.
All known living things use the hereditary molecule, DNA .
Organization of living matter:
Biology is the study of Living Matter, a configuration of organic
matter in a dynamic non equilibrium state that exhibits complex patterns
of spatial and temporal organization. Living matter is a dynamic mixture
of organic polymers, nucleic acids and polypeptides, with significant
contributions from carbohydrate and lipids. Inorganic ions and other
organic compounds e.g vitamins, play significant additional roles in the
mixture. It is a mixture far from thermodynamic equilibrium that
generates dissipative structures.
All living things are made of cells. The cell is the smallest unit of a
living thing. Living organisms are two types such as unicellular
organisms and multi cellular organisms.
Unicellular organisms: Some organisms are made of a single cell.
Unicellular organisms are made up of just one cell that performs all the
functions necessary for life. Unicellular organisms do not have levels of
organization. Unicellular organisms need fewer resources and some can
live in harsh conditions. They are very small and are easily eaten by
other organisms. They include bacteria, yeast, amoeba and paramecia.
Multi cellular organisms: Multi cellular organisms have multiple cells
that are grouped into different levels of organization. Multi cellular
organisms are larger, more efficient, and have a longer lifespan than
unicellular organisms. Multi cellular organisms need more resources
than unicellular organisms. The cells are specialized and must depend on
each other for survival of the organism.
Levels of organization:
Biosphere-Ecosystem:
A biosphere is the sum of all the ecosystems established on Earth.
The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems. It can also be termed
as the zone of life on Earth, a closed system (apart from solar and
cosmic radiation and heat from the interior of the Earth), and largely
self-regulating.
By the most general biophysiological definition, the biosphere is
the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their