Vet Record/ J. Comp.

Path Compilation 2009-2010

Histopathological Features of Capillaria hepatica Infection in Laboratory Rabbits.

Toxicologic Pathology, 37: 661-666, 2009. Adult worms inhabit the liver. Histopath:
portal tracts- dilated bile ducts with luminal debris, and fibrosis. Large granulomas
(macrogranulomas) were evident in portal areas and involved the bile ducts.
Macrogranulomas contained collections of characteristic C. hepatica eggs, macrophages,
eosinophils, and lymphocytes. Small granulomas (microgranulomas), characterized by
epithelioid macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes and eosinophils, were also
identified. C. hepatica eggs were also observed in the lumina of the bile ducts and gall
bladder. No adult C. hepatica worms were identified. In some cases, linear deposits of
eosinophilic, hyaline (amyloid-like; congo red negative) material were present
immediately beneath the biliary epithelium.

Ivermectin toxicosis in three adult horses. JAVMA, Vol 235, No. 5, September 1,
2009. Clinical Signs- depression, forelimb and hind limb ataxia, drooping of the superior
and inferior lips, and muscle fasciculations. Bilateral mydriasis, decreased pupillary light
reflexes, and absent menace reflexes were evidentOne horse was euthanized, and a high
concentration of ivermectin was detected in its brain tissue at postmortem examination.
Analysis of the ivermectin concentration in the paste product revealed that the
concentration was approximately that indicated on the packaging. Clinical Relevance—
Ivermectin toxicosis is an uncommonly reported condition in equids that should be
considered when acute neurologic impairment develops after ivermectin
administration. Recovery is possible with supportive care and time. Toxic concentrations
of ivermectin have been reported for several animal species, including dogs, cats,
pigs, cattle, horses, chelonians, and frogs. The mechanism of action of ivermectin
involves potentiating the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, causing
an influx of chloride ions and hyperpolarization of neuronal membranes. This
sequence of events inhibits neuromuscular transmission and leads to flaccid paralysis of
invertebrates, in which GABA receptors are located in the peripheral nervous system. In
mammals, GABA receptors are located only in the CNS and an intact blood-brain barrier
protects from the neurologic effects of ivermectin. Picrotoxin is recommended as a
reversal agent for ivermectin toxicosis in dogs, and it functions as a GABA-receptor
antagonist by blocking the chloride ion channels. Neuronal excitability caused by
picrotoxin administration may lead to seizures; therefore, the agent has a narrow
margin of safety. For example, Collies have a multidrug-resistance gene (mdr1) that
encodes for P-glycoprotein, which is an integral part of the blood-brain barrier that
functions to keep ivermectin from entering the CNS. Dogs possessing a deletion mutation
of the mdr1 gene are unable to synthesize P-glycoprotein appropriately and have a
high sensitivity to ivermectin.

Prevalence of lymphoplasmacytic synovitis in dogs with naturally occurring cranial

cruciate ligament rupture. JAVMA, Vol 235, No. 4, August 15, 2009. Detection of
LPS in dogs with naturally occurring CCL rupture may support the theory that cell-
mediated immune responses have a role in CCL rupture in dogs. Results suggested that
LPS was common in dogs with naturally occurring CCL rupture. However, only minor
clinical, radiographic, cytologic, and histologic differences were identified between dogs
with and without LPS. Antigens that could potentially play a role include type II
collagen from degraded articular cartilage, type I collagen and extracellular matrix of the
torn CCL, type I collagen from a torn meniscus, and bacterial DNA. It has also been
suggested that chronic instability may play a role in the development of LPS in dogs with
instability of the stifle joint (inflammation secondary to instability). Tumor necrosis
factor-α, on the other hand, has been shown to prevent synovial extracellular matrix
formation. Thus, it may be possible that concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α and
other antifibrotic growth factors may be higher in dogs with LPS.

Primary osteoma cutis (benign) in a European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis)-

Pathology In Practice. JAVMA, Vol 235, No. 5,
September 1, 2009. The pedunculated, bilaterally
symmetric mass originated from the epidermis with a
median raphe-like groove that marked the separation
of the 2 halves. The peduncle had the appearance of
fibrous tissue. composed of highly sclerotic mature
lamellar bone; some areas of woven bone were
identified also. The lamellar bone was unusually dense
and had multiple, regular growth lines. The bone was
further characterized by numerous open spaces that
were filled with scant hematopoietic precursor cells and adipocytes.

Severe polymyositis and neuritis in a cat. JAVMA, Vol 235, No. 2, July 15, 2009. In
triceps brachii muscle, areas of mild mononuclear cell infiltration and areas of extensive
myofiber loss, atrophy, and fibrosis were detected within the same sections. Multifocal
areas of cellular infiltration with an endomysial and perimysial distribution as well as
variable fiber atrophy and loss were also present within the other muscle speci mens.
Scattered mononuclear cell infiltrations were evident under the perineurium and within
the endoneurium in the ulnar nerve biopsy specimen (Figure 2). On the basis of these
findings, a diagnosis of inflammatory myopathy (myositis) and neuropathy (neuritis) was
made. Negative for Toxoplasma gondii by serology. .( Vet Pathol 43:257–269 (2006))
The disadvantage of formalin fixation of a highly metabolically active tissue such as
skeletal muscle is that muscle fibers may shrink by as much as 30%, enzyme activity is
reduced or abolished, and storage products such as glycogen and lipids are not
optimally retained. In addition, it is impossible to identify metabolic or contractile
muscle fiber types (Type 1 vs Type 2) in formalin-fixed muscle.

J. Comp. Path. 2008, Vol. 139, 252e255

Brain Copper Elevation and Neurological Changes in North Ronaldsay Sheep: a

Model for NeurodegenerativeDisease? This study in North Ronaldsay (NR) sheep
showed that copper was elevated in both the liver and brain of older animals and that the
elevation in these two sites was highly correlated. The accumulation of copper in the liver
culminated in chronic active hepatitis. Evidence of tissue damage in the brain was
equivocal, but the astrocytes showed strong immunoreactivity for metallothionein. The
study suggested that the blood brain barrier of NR sheep possesses unusual features in
respect of the import of copper into the brain, and that NR sheep may provide a useful
animal model for the investigation of brain copper homeostasis.

Lymphoproliferative Disease with Features of Lymphoma in the Central Nervous

System of a Horse: This report describes an unusual form of lymphoproliferative disease
with features of lymphoma restricted to the CNS and with no evidence of a primary
lesion elsewhere. IHC examination defined an overwhelming predominance of T
lymphocytes with admixed B lymphocytes and activated macrophages. Other DDx
considered, were non-suppurative encephalitis, granulomatous meningoencephalitis,
neoplastic reticulosis, and lymphomatoid granulomatosis

Parasite-induced leucomyelopathy in llamas (Lama glama): Parelaphostrongylus tenuis,

a protostrongylid nematode, is a recognised cause of ataxia and recumbency in llamas in
USA. Extensive haemorrhagic and necrotising leucomyelopathy (lumbar spinal cord)
with multiple nematode larva. White-tailed deer is the definitive host of P tenuis. Parasite
in this report was identified as Elaphostrongylus cervi, which has similar life cycle as P
tenuis.

Peripheral Edema with Hypoalbuminemia in a Nonhuman Primate Infected with

Simian–Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Case Report: clinically, there was slight
peripheral edema, hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria, consistent with nephrotic
syndrome. Histologically, there was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, the result
of immune complex deposition.

J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 141, 70-73

3) Nocardia otitidiscaviarum Pneumonia in an Alpine Chamois (chamois is a
European wild ungulate of the Bovid family). Nocardia otitidiscaviarum was cultured
from the lung of an Alpine chamois with suppurative bronchopneumonia.

Fig. 1. Chamois lung. The apical lobes

have diffuse hepatization
with a catarrhal-purulent background.
The inflammatory
process is characterized by lobular
spread with rounded, white foci through
the lung tissue.

J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 141, 78-83

4) Systemic Adenovirus Infection in Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps):
Histological, Ultrastructural and Molecular Findings: non-suppurative hepatitis and
interstitial nephritis.

J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 141, 27e40

5) Iron Distribution in the Liver and Duodenum during Seasonal Iron Overload in
Svalbard Reindeer: Seasonal iron overload in Svalbard reindeer was studied by light
and electron microscopy and by X-ray microanalysis. The hepatic iron overload was of
two types. The first type was characterized by massive siderosis of both parenchymal and
non-parenchymal cells caused by a diet very rich in iron but low in energy and protein.
Hepatocytes contained a moderate amount of free ferritin particles in the cytosol together
with numerous siderosomes. The second type was characterized by massive non-
parenchymal (Kupffer cells) siderosis caused by an energy- and protein-poor diet with
normal iron conc. Hepatocytes contained little cytosolic ferritin and few siderosomes, but
there were abundant electron-dense bodies without iron (i.e., autophagosomes).
J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 140, 1-11
1) Maedi-Visna: the Meningoencephalitis in Naturally Occurring Case: MVis
characterized by a chronic non-purulent interstitial inflammation of the lungs,
joints, mammary gland and central nervous system. Gross lesions were seen
mostly in thoracic spinal cord. Histologically, non-suppurative encephalomyelitis
consisting of perivascular cuffs and inflammatory infiltrate seen mostly in the
cerebellar peduncles, corposum callosum and thoracic spinal cord. The other
common lesion was malacia, characterized by white matter vacuolation.

J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 140, 31-37

2) Retrospective Study of Neurological Disease in 118 Rabbits: 78 animals (66.1%)
had inflammatory lesions of the CNS. Encephalitozoonosis was diagnosed in 69 (58.5%)
of these rabbits and 2 animals had herpes simplex virus encephalitis.
J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 140, 59-63
3) Mycotic Encephalitis and Nephritis in a Dog due to Infection with Cladosporium
cladosporioides: the fungal agent most often identified in systemic phaeohyphomycosis
is Cladophialophora bantiana . This report describes German shepherd dog with
granulomatous encephalitis and nephritis due to C. cladosporioides. German shepherd
breed may have an abnormality in mucosal IgA production predisposing them systemic
fungal infection, particularly Aspergillus spp.

Vet Rec. 2009 164: 66

4) Capillaria hepatica (syncalodium hepaticum) in primates in a zoological
collection in the UK: this is a zoonotic liver nematode of mammals with a worldwide
distribution. It had as a direct life cycle. Its primary hosts are rodents. Caused
granulomatous hepatitis in this monkey. Ingestion of eggs larvae hatch in
cecummigrate to liver and mature to eggs released after death.

Vet Rec. 2008 Dec 20-27;163(25):745-7.

5) Isolation of Porphyromonas levii from vaginal samples from cows in herds
negative for bovine necrotic vulvovaginitis (BNVV): This pigmented Gram negative
bacterium is part of ruminal microflora and associated with BNVV. The disease is chr by
deterioration of normal vaginal injuries caused by calving to necrotic lesions, primarily in
dairy heifers during the first week after calving. According to this paper P levii was
isolated in Heifers without BNVV.

J Comp Pathol. 2009 Jan;140(1):25-30

6) A Study of the Lesions Induced in Seriola dumerili by Intradermal or
Intraperitoneal Injection of Streptococcus dysgalactiae:

Intradermal and intraperitoneal injection of S. dysgalactiae resulted in moderate

mortality. Grossly, there was microabscessation and/or granulomatous inflammation of
the heart, caudal peduncle, pectoral and/or dorsal fin and olfactory region. The lesions in
the atrial myocardium and arterial cone consisted of severe arterial thrombosis,
granulomatous valvular endocarditis and epicarditis.
J. Comp. Path. 2009, Vol. 140, 64-66
7) Granulomatous Pericarditis Associated with Systemic Mucormycosis in a Finless
Porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides):
The hyphae of Mucorales have greater width,
obtuse branching pattern, sparse septation
and are thin walled (therefore they might
compress and give false septation). There
was granulomatous pericarditis, pneumonia
and lympadenitis.
Vet Rec. 2008 Dec 20-27;163(25):748-9.
8) Multiple hepatic vascular cysts in a young ragdoll cat: In cats and dogs, the DDx
for congenital intrahepatic cystic structures would include a biliary cyst or pseudocyst,
choledochal cysts or cystic duct remnants. For acquired cysts or other cavitated
structures, abscesses, parasitic cysts, biliary cyst adenoma, cystadenocarcinoma,
cholangiocarcinoma, haemangiosarcoma, and certain metastatic tumours

J Vet Intern Med 2008;22:1345–1347

1) Multicentric Lymphoma Mimicking Decompensated

HypertrophicCardiomyopathy in a Cat. Severe pericardial effusion in the
presence of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy may be indicative of an
infiltrative neoplastic process rather than primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

2) Vegetative Endocarditis in Equids (1994 –2006)

3) Hypoglycemia and Hyperlactatemia Associated with Lymphoma in an Angus

Cow. The precise mechanism is unknown but defective glycolytic processes, liver
failure, and renal failure all has been implicated. Some neoplastic cells
overexpress hexokinase, a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme with a high affinity for
glucose, which may increase uptake and utilization of glucose resulting in
overproduction of lactate despite adequate tissue oxygenation. Hepatic
dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of lactic acidosis as liver is
the primary site of lactate metabolism.

4) Ralstonia pickettii Septicemia in a Dog with Immune-Mediated

Thrombocytopenia: R. pickettii is an aerobic, Gram-negative bacillus found in
water and soil and formerly was known as Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) pickettii.
Histo: liver necrosis and pulmonary edema and alveolar histiocytosis. Infection
takes place in immunosuppressed patients.

5) Eosinophilic Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis in 2 Young Belgian

Tervueren Shepherd Dogs: This report describes a canine eosinophilic GME of
 unknown origin. Hist: well organized granulomas that were composed of a large
central necrotic area surrounded by a thick layer of numerous epithelioid
macrophages and eosinophils, and a smaller number of lymphocytes, plasma
cells, and neutrophils

J. Comp. Path. 2008,Vol.138, 32-39

1) Histopathological Features of Ocular Leishmaniosis in the Dog: Granulomatous

with some lymphoplasmacytis infiltration. Ocular tissues affected, in order of frequency,
were conjunctiva and limbus, ciliary body, iris, cornea, sclera and iridocorneal angle,
choroid and the optic nerve sheath. The conjunctiva was the most commonly involved
ocular structure.

J Comp Pathol. 2008 Jan;138(1):54-8

2) Identification of Group 1 Coronavirus Antigen in Multisystemic Granulomatous
Lesions in Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo): Group 1 includes human coronavirus strain
229E, porcine TGE virus, canine coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, and
ferret enteric coronavirus. Four main types of lesions were observed: diffuse
granulomatous inflammation on serosal surfaces; granulomas with areas of necrosis;
granulomas without necrosis; and granulomas with neutrophils.

J Comp Pathol. 2008 Jan;138(1):3-11

3) Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Ranavirus Antigen in the Tissues of
Infected Frogs (Rana temporaria) with Systemic Haemorrhagic or Cutaneous
Ulcerative Disease: Affected frogs can have skin ulceration (ulcerative syndrome) or
Systemic haemorrhage (haemorrhagic syndrome) or may be both. Unlike with
hemorrhagic syndrome, there was no labelling for viral antigen in the splenic
lymphocytes, pancreas or gastrointestinal epithelium with ulcerative syndrome. I/C
virus inclusions were seen in the liver, kidney, pancreas and stomach of frogs with
systemic haemorrhagic disease, but not in frogs with the ulcerative syndrome.
J Comp Pathol. 2008 Jan;138(1):59-6
4) Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma with Meningeal Infiltration in a Free-ranging Red
Deer (Cervus elaphus): In dogs, oligodendrogliomas are common in brachycephalic
breeds

J Comp Pathol. 2008 Feb-Apr;138(2-3):63-71.

5) Detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba spp. and Monocercomonas spp.
in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Snakes by In-situ Hybridization: Cryptosporidium
serpentis, causes gastric mucosal hyperplasia, dilatation of gastric glands, fibrosis edema
and patchy inflammation of the mucosa. Entamoeba invadens, present but rarely causes
disease in Turtles. When transmitted to carnivorous snakes, causes severe diphtheroid
colitis. Monocercomonas colubrorum is flagellate belonging to the order
Trichomonadida, frequently found in snakes, but clinical signs are rare, may cause
mucopurulent gastritis and enteritis

J Comp Pathol. 2008 Jan;138(1):46-53.

6) Bone Marrow Pathology in Dogs and Cats with Non-Regenerative Immune-
Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia and Pure Red Cell Aplasia: Non-regenerative IMHA
in dogs and cats has been associated with pure red cell aplasia, erythroid maturation
arrest or bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia. PRCA and erythroid maturation arrest may
result from immune-mediated destruction of erythroid precursor cells within the bone
marrow. However, IMHA due to erythroid hyperplasia could be due to variety of
pathological changes in bone marrow including dysmyelopoiesis, myelonecrosis,
myelofibrosis, altered vascular permeability/acute inflammation, and hemophagocytic
syndrome

J Comp Pathol. 2009 Feb-Apr;140(2-3)

1) Comparative Evaluation of Diagnostic Methods for Lawsonia intracellularis
Infection in Pigs, with Emphasis on Cases Lacking Characteristic Lesions: PCR
on feces was the most sensitive (sensitivity 70%), due to false positives; its specificity
(95%) was the lowest. IHC (sensitivity 66%, specificity 99%) and ISH (sensitivity
54%, specificity 100%) were better than Warthin starry stained sections (sensitivity
34%, specificity 100%) PCR on paraffin wax-embedded tissue was associated with
low sensitivity (41%), IHC was regarded as the method of choice for retrospective
studies.

J Comp Pathol. 2009 Feb-Apr;140(2-3):97

2) Pathological Findings in Dogs with Fatal Heatstroke: The most commonly
observed lesions in this study of natural cases of canine heatstroke were hyperaemia,
oedema, haemorrhages (skin, lung, brain) and necrosis (SI, renal tubular epithelium,
periacinar hepatocyte necrosis and neurons) in various organs. Pathogenesis:
Strenuous exerciseshunting of blood to skin, muscles intestinal ischemia,
hypoxia and hypoperfusionintestinal mucosal necrosis endotoxemia, endothelial
injurytissue thromboplastin and factor XII coagulation and complement
cascasde systemic inflammatory response syndrome DIC (plays major role)
J Comp Pathol. 2009 Feb-Apr;140(2-3):105-12
3) Pathological Features of Amyloidosis in Stranded California Sea Lions:
Amyloidosis was diagnosed in 26 stranded adult California sea lions between 1983
and 2006 by retrospective case analysis. The kidneys (92.3%), blood vessels (80.7%)
and thyroid glands (65.4%) most commonly affected. The amyloid deposits were
identified as type amyloid A (AA) Concurrent diseases, including inflammatory
processes and genital carcinoma, were common in affected animals.

J Comp Pathol. 2009 Feb-Apr;140(2-3):113-2

4) Comparative Pathological Study of the Murine Brain after Experimental
Infection with Classical Rabies Virus and European Bat Lyssaviruses: European
bat lyssaviruses types 1 (EBLV-1) and 2 (EBLV-2) cause rabies in terrestrial species.
Swiss OF-1 mice were inoculated peripherally with strain RV61 (classical rabies
virus), RV1423 (EBLV-1) or RV1332 (EBLV-2). In virus the lesions non-suppurative
meningoencephalitis, neuronophagia, focal gliosis and lymphocytic perivascular
infiltration. The lesions were more severe European lyssa then classic lyssavirus. T
cells were the predominant lymphocytic component.

J Comp Pathol. 2009 Feb-Apr;140(2-3):127-3

5) Morphological and Immunohistochemical Studies of Spontaneous Mammary
umours in Siberian Hamsters: Mammary tumours from 12 domestic Siberian
hamsters (11 females, 1 male) were examined. Histopathology revealed three
 subtypes: simple adenoma, tubulopapillary carcinoma, and complex carcinoma. Ten
of the 12 tumours were positive for androgen receptor.

J Comp Pathol. 2009 Feb-Apr;140(2-3):132-9.

6) Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Dermal Elastin of Draught
Horses with Chronic Progressive Lymphoedema: Chronic progressive
lymphoedema (CPL) is a recently recognized disease of the lymphatic system in
Shires, Clydesdales and Belgian draught horses, characterized by progressive
swelling, hyperkeratosis and fibrosis of distal limbs and is associated with altered
elastin metabolism. The characteristic lesions are seen in the skin of the distal limbs.
As compared with horses of a non-susceptible breed, affected horses had increased
amounts of dermal elastin. CPL of horses is a generalized disease. Reduced efficiency
of the elastic network in supporting the dermal lymphatics may explain the
development of CPL.

1) Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumour in a Lumbar Vertebra and the

Liver of a Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius): multiple liver tumours and a mass
in the 3rd lumbar vertebra, compressing the spinal cord and consisted of uniform sheets of
primitivecells, with perivascular pseudorosettes and small numbers of neuroblastic Homer-
Wright rosettes. IHC cells were uniformly positive for vimentin and variably positive for
NSE and GFAP.
 Fig. 4. Histological appearance of the liver
tumour. The mass is composed of dense
sheets of small dark-staining cells arranged
in numerous perivascular pseudorosettes
(arrows) and small numbers of Homer-Wright
rosettes. The mass is surrounded by a dense
fibrous capsule (TC). HE. Bar, 250 mm.

2) Brain Lesions Induced by Experimental Intranasal Infection of Japanese

Encephalitis Virus in Piglets: JE experimentally induced in 3 week-old piglets by a single
intranasal inoculation of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The lesions consisted of glial cell
aggregates and lymphocytic perivascular cuffing throughout the olfactory tract and pyriform
cortex. JEV antigens were detected in the cytoplasm and neuronal processes of small nerve
cells in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb, in the neuronal processes of the olfactory
tract and in the cytoplasm of neurons in the pyriform cortex. JEV is one of 4 major
encephalitic flaviviruses of public health importance, the other 3 being West Nile virus, St.
Louis encephalitis virus in America, and Murray Valley encephalitis virus in Australasia.

3) Derlin-1 and Stanniocalcin-1 are Differentially Regulated in Metastasizing Canine

Mammary Adenocarcinomas: Derlin-1, stanniocalcin-1, epithelial glycoprotein-2 (EGP-2)
and maspin are overexpressed in metastatic human breast cancer cells and are suitable
markers for detection of occult metastases and circulating tumour cells. Results of this study
suggest that malignant behaviour of canine mammary adenocarcinoma is associated with
reduced transcription of the stanniocalcin-1 gene and overexpression of the derlin-1 gene.
EGP-2 gene expression did not differ between normal, benign and malignant
neoplastictissues. Maspin gene expression varied markedly among the tumors.

4) Primary Splenic Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour in a Dog; splenic mass that
infiltrated the mesentery and composed of spindle-shaped cells arranged in interlacing
bundles, streams, whorls and storiform patterns (Antoni A pattern) and less cellular areas
with more loosely arranged spindle to oval cells (Antoni B pattern). Cells expressed
vimentin, S-100 and GFAP, but did not express desmin, a-smooth muscle actin or factor VIII.
 5) Nasal Osteoma in a Dairy Cow: a Combined Clinical, Imaging and
Histopathological Approach to Diagnosis: smooth-surfaced mass within the left nasal
cavity, composed of well-differentiated and interlacing bone trabeculae lined by osteoblasts
and multinucleated osteoclasts.

6) Oculoglandular Syndrome Caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a Dairy Goat:

An outbreak of ocular disease in a herd of housed dairy goats was characterized by severe
granulomatous conjunctivitis and ipsilateral parotid and submandibular lymphadenopathy. Y.
pseudotuberculosis was isolated from both the conjunctiva and submandibular LN. Histo:
severe chronic active suppurative and lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis; necrosuppurative
lymphadenitis associated with yersinia. Similar pathological changes occur in Parinaud’s
oculoglandular syndrome in man due to infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis.

Journal of comparative pathology Vol 139; 2008

Multifocal Granulomatous Hepatitis Caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Serotype 2 in Slaughter Pigs APP occurs in all pigs of all ages characterized by
necrotizing, hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia and serofibrinous pleuritis. Other rare
manifestations of APP are meningitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, endocarditis, otits media
and granulomatous hepatitis. The granulomas have asteroid bodies formation (Bodies
with splendore hoeppli material)

Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1, -β2 and -β3 in Normal and Diseased
Canine Mitral Valves : in chronic valvular disease (endocardiosis) there is activation
and proliferation of valvular stromal cells and transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts
like cells. In mild and strong valvular disease there was increased expression of TGF- β1
and β3 and smooth muscle actin

Detection and Characterization of Chondroid Metaplasia in Canine

Atrioventricular Valves: seen most commonly in elderly large breeds of dogs and
tricuspid valve was the only valve affected (in some other study mitral valve was most
commonly affected). Cartilage present in valve was fibrocartilage (type I and IV
collagen) and hyaline cartilage (type III and VI collagen).
Metaplasia of mesenchymal cells to chondrocytes (may be due to TGF- β1)
initiated by mechanical forces.

Listeria monocytogenes Septicaemia and Concurrent Clostridial Infection in an

Adult Alpaca (Lama pacos) findings were multifocal necrotizing hepatits, splenitis,
colitis and ulcerative to diptheroid ileitis.

Systemic Candida albicans Infection in Two Alpacas (Lama pacos) Candida albican is
dimorphic fungus commensal in skin, upper respiratory tract, alimentary tract and genital
tract. Immunosuppresion or disturbance of cutaneous/mucosal barrier for invasion to take
place..Histo: suppurative to necrotizing inflammation in various organs.

Toxicologic pathology Vol 36, 2008

 Malignant Myopericytoma-like Tumor in a Fischer Rat: Is a perivascular tumor
derived from myopericytes and composed of oval to spindle-shaped cells, arranged in
sheets around numerous thin-walled branching vessels and partly showed a concentric
perivascular growth pattern..
- myopericytes have features between pericytes and vascular smooth muscle
- reported in dog
- strong poistive for smooth muscle actin, and weak positive vimentin and desmin

Table 1 Differential diagnosis of perivascular tumors.

Tumor Myopericytoma Hemangiopericytoma Myofibroma Glomus tumors Smooth muscle
tumorsa
Diagnostic Concentric perivascular Branching vascular spaces Biphasic growth composed Perivascular growth Fascicular growth
feature growth composed of surrounded by round to with myofibroblastic fascicles composed of composed of
oval to spindle-shaped spindle-shaped cells and hemangiopericytoma- cuboidal cells with elongated spindle-
cells like appearance abundant cytoplasms shaped cells with
and distinct cell cigar-shaped nuclei
borders
aSMA + – + + +
Desmin –/+ – –/+ – +
Myopericytoma is histologically characterized by concentric perivascular proliferation of myopericytes, while
myofibroma shows a biphasic growth pattern composed with myofibroblastic fascicles and hemangiopericytoma-like
appearance.

Summaries BGC

Cystic Mammary Adenocarcinoma Associated with a Prolactin-secreting Pituitary

Adenoma in a New Zealand White Rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ). Comparative
Medicine Vol 58, No 3 June 2008. Grossly: bilaterally diffusely enlarged mammary
glands with enlarged, discolored teats that exuded brown, mucoid discharge. Histologic
evaluation confirrmed the presence of a pituitary adenoma (prolactin secreting by IHC),
mammary hyperplasia, dysplasia, and cystic mammary adenocarcinoma.

Dyscoria Associated with Herpesvirus Infection in Owl Monkeys ( Aotus

nancymae ). Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
Copyright 2008. Vol 47, No 4. Dyxoria = abnormal pupil shape: Lesions included
necrohemorrhagic encephalitis, oral ulcers. Histologic examination of the oral ulcers
revealed syncytia and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelial cells. Ocular
examination revealed posterior synechia associated with the dyscoria in all 3 animals.
Serum samples from the female and her offspring were positive for Herpesvirus simplex
antibodies by ELISA.

Interstitial Myocardial Fibrosis in a Captive Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

Population. Comparative Medicine Vol 58, No 4 August 2008. Chimpanzees age 10
to 40 y old that died over a 6-y period Histologic examination of the hearts revealed
interstitial myocardial fibrosis (IMF) in 29 chimpanzees (81%), and all of the animals
that died suddenly due to cardiac causes had IMF to varying degrees.

Visceral and Neural Larva Migrans in Rhesus Macaques. Journal of the American
Association for Laboratory Animal Science Vol 47, No 4 July 2008. Granulomatous
lymphadenitis in the mesenteric and pancreatic lymph node, cerebral granulomas, with
larval nematodes consistent with Baylisascaris procyonis.

VETERINARY RECORD | September 26, 2009

1) Two cases of equine pregnancy loss associated with Leptospira infection in
England: Infection with Leptospira can cause abortions and stillbirths in domestic
cattle, sheep and pigs, as well as in wild animals. Reported as a cause of abortions
in mares in several countries, including the USA, Canada, South America, New
Zealand, Australia and some European countries. In both cases there was mild
mononuclear infiltration in liver, adrenal gland. Neutrophilic funisitis was seen in
one case.

2) Black disease in a forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus): Black disease,

also known as infectious necrotic hepatitis, is caused by the α toxin released by
Clostridium novyi type B during proliferation in the liver. Described in cattle,
sheep, horse and pig.

3) Malignant catarrhal fever in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the UK: enlargement
of the super ficial lymph nodes and mesenteric chain. Mineralised caseous
nodules1·5 cm in diameter were present on the right cranial pleura, and segmental
haemorrhagic enteropathy in the small intestine. Histo: multisystemic
granulomatous inflammatory changes associated with lymphocytic vasculitis and
fibrinoid vasculitis, most pronounced in the brain, leptomeninges, lymph nodes,
adrenal glands and liver, consistent with MC
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A Review of Bovine Urothelial Tumours and Tumour-Like Lesions of the Urinary

Bladder. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 95e108. Four distinct growth patterns of
bovine urothelial tumours and tumour like lesions are recognized: flat, exophytic or
papillary, endophytic and invasive. Low-grade carcinoma is the most common urothelial
tumour of cattle. Of the known BPVs, BPV-1 and BPV-2 are the only viruses known to
infect the urothelium of the urinary bladder. BPV-1 and -2 encode three oncoproteins, E5,
E6 and E7. E5 activates the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) ß receptor, thereby
initiating a mitogenic response even in the absence of PDGF. Additionally, E5 can post-
translationally activate c-Src, which induces cellular transformation independently of
PDGF receptor activation. Ptaquiloside (PT) induces DNAAlkylation, and H-ras 1
mutation, and the flavanoid quercetin is involved in cell transformation by
papillomavirus.

Polysynovitis after Oligofructose Overload in Dairy Cattle. J. Comp. Path. 2010,

Vol. 142, 129e138. distension of the tarsocrural joints has been observed after
experimental oligofructose overload in dairy heifers, often diagnosed as acute laminitis.
Heifers with oligofructose overload developed signs of ruminal and systemic acidosis.
Cows developed generalized sterile fibrinous-neutrophilic polysynovitis.

Pathological Findings Associated with Experimental Infection by Trypanosoma

evansi in Cats. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 170e176. Gross findings - generalized
muscle atrophy, anemia, icterus, lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly, less frequently
corneal opacity, subcutaneous oedema (mainly of the head) and hydropericardium.
Trypomastigotes of T. evansi were observed in impression smears prepared from the
aqueous humor. Microscopically, there was lymphoid hyper-
plasia of the spleen and lymph nodes. The animals with corneal opacity had mild corneal
oedema and accumulation of fibrin and inflammatory cells (neutrophils and plasma cells)
in the anterior chamber. Similar inflammatory cells infiltrated the iris, ciliary body,
corneoscleral limbus and conjunctiva.

Immunohistochemical Expression of the KIT Protein (CD117) in Normal and

Neoplastic Canine Testes. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 213e217. In normal testes,
KIT expression was observed in Leydig cells and in spermatogonia. All ICTs expressed
KIT, but no SCT was positively labelled. Seven of 10 seminomas expressed KIT and
these tumours were reclassified on this basis as SS (Spermatocytic seminoma PLAP-)
(KIT negative) or SE (classical seminoma =PLAP+)(KIT positive). These findings are
consistent with observations of SE in man where many of the neoplastic cells reach the
stage of spermatogonia where PLAP expression is lost and that of KIT is maintained. It
would therefore appear that immunolabelling for KIT expression is a more appropriate
means of distinguishing between canine SE and SS.
Normal Neoplastic
Spermatogonia c-Kit c-Kit (70%) SE=classic =kit+/
SS= Spermatocytic
seminoma =kit-
Interstitial cells c-Kit c-Kit
Sertoli cells

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Inflammatory and Glial Responses in a

Case of Necrotizing Leucoencephalitis in a French Bulldog. J. Comp. Path. 2010,
Vol. 142, 235e241. At post-mortem examination a non-suppurative leucoencephalitis
with extensive malacia within the forebrain was found. In addition, a bilateral necrotizing
optic neuritis and focal retinitis was detected. Immunohistochemistry revealed a CD3+ T-
cell dominated inflammatory response with intralesional reactive astrocytes expressing
glial fibrillary acidic protein. Astroglia-like cells expressing vimentin, which is
characteristic of immature astrocytes, were found within the malacic lesions. The
pathological findings are similar to those described in idiopathic necrotizing
leucoencephalitis (NLE) of Yorkshire terriers.
Canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME)-pug dogs, Maltese terriers, Pekingese,
Chihuahuas, affects both grey and white matter of the cerebral hemispheres and is
accompanied by meningitis. NLE- Yorkies- the lesions are restricted to the white matter
of the cerebral hemispheres, cavitation, necrosis, demyelination and perivascular
lymphohistiocytic cuffing, marked gemistocytic astrocytosis within and around necrotic
foci. NME and NLE can be distinguished from granulomatous meningoencephalitis
(GME) by the lack of marked lymphohistiocytic concentric perivascular infiltration.
Furthermore, GME is charac terized by multifocal granuloma formation, predominantly
in cerebellum and brainstem, with epithelioid cells in advanced stages, while necrotizing
changes are rare and less prominent

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VETERINARY RECORD (2010) 166

Infectious canine hepatitis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the United
Kingdom H. Thompson, A. M. O’Keeffe, J. C. M. Lewis, L. R. Stocker, M. K.
Laurenson, A. W. Philbey Veterinary Record (2010) 166, 111-114: 3 foxes. Mild
jaundice and hepatic congestion were evident grossly. On histopathological
examination, intranuclear inclusion bodies were visible in hepatocytes, in
association with hepatocyte dissociation and necrosis, as well as in renal
glomeruli, renal tubular epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells. Canine
adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) was isolated from all three foxes.

Purulent nasomaxillary and mandibular osteomyelitis in sheep

caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A. Benito-Peña, B. Peris, G. Aduriz, J. Martinez, J. M. Corpa Veterinary Record
(2010) 166, 115-116: According to the farmer, the mandibular and maxillary
bones of almost 12 per cent of the ewes, irrespective of age, became
severely deformed over a nine-month period. Initially anorexia, depression,
recumbency and fever. Next a swelling of the nasomaxillary and mandibular
area, with purulent nasal discharge. Cachexia, hair loss, and death within two
months. GROSS: Gingival ulcers to necrotizing abscess inside the alveolar
tooth cavity, which caused a deformed bone structure HISTO: Gross lesions
corresponded to extensive necrosis within the trabecular bone, accompanied
by a mixed population of inflammatory cells consisting of neutrophils,
macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The swelling lesions were also
due to exuberant fibrous tissue surrounding necrotic foci. Mandibular and
maxillary osteomyelitis has been documented in four red kangaroos from
which a mixed population of bacteria was cultured, but Pseudomonas species
predominated in all of the isolates.

Outbreak of rhinitis caused by equine herpesvirus type 3 M.

Barrandeguy, N. Ulloa, K. Bok, F. Fernández
Veterinary Record (2010) 166, 178. Outbreak of unilateral rhinitis associated
with EHV-3, most likely spread by a contaminated endoscope. Forty horses
showed exudative lesions of the transitional epithelium at the
mucocutaneous junctions of only the right nostril, and one horse showed
these lesions in both nostrils. The lesions were characterized by epidermal
sloughing of the necrotic domes of pustules, giving rise to shallow, raw or
encrusted erosions and ulcers. EHV-3 via VI and PCR.
The horses’ records showed that they had been examined endoscopically by
a veterinarian, using the same flexible endoscope, to evaluate their
respiratory tract function in the week before the onset of the lesions. The
development of lesions in the mouth and nostrils of mares and foals naturally
infected with EHV-3 has been reported before, as has foamite transmission.

Uterine disorders in 59 rabbits Veterinary Record (2010) 166, 230-233

Vaginal discharge, mammary masses, skin tumours, anorexia and poor
general health. 45 rabbits underwent ovariohysterectomy/ 14 rabbits were
euthanized. Endometrial hyperplasia (24) adenocarcinoma (18) both (11)
Mean age endometrial hyperplasia: 4.5 years, adenocarcinoma: 6.1 years.
Four rabbits had ovarian tumours.
Systemic Toxoplasmosis and Concurrent Porcine Circovirus-2
Infection in a Pig. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 228e234: necrotizing
inflammation of the lung, adrenal glands and lymph nodes, associated with
lymphoid depletion, cytoplasmic basophilic botryoid inclusion bodies and
protozoal microorganisms.

Cutaneous Angiomatosis in a Llama. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142,

228e234: Microscopical examination revealed an irregular parakeratotic
lamellar hyperkeratosis associated with diffuse proliferation of arterioles and
venules in the superficial dermis.

Epithelial and Pancreatic Choristoma in Bovine Lymph Nodes. J.

Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 228e234: The mediastinal lymph nodes of
13 animals contained atypical structures. In 12 cases (6.45%) these consisted
of multiple epithelial structures and, in one case, of pancreatic-like tissue.
epithelial structures were consistent with respiratory epithelium and with
ectopic pancreatic tissue,

Pelioid Hepatocellular Carcinoma in an Adult Eurasian Badger. J.

Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 228e234: mass was identified within the left
lateral lobe of the liver and consisted of sheets and trabeculae of neoplastic
hepatocytes often forming cystic spaces containing erythrocytes, fibrin and
necrotic debris. IHC, the neoplastic cells expressed cytokeratin 18 but not
von Willebrand factor. Multiple intranuclear (amphophilic or acidophilic)
inclusion bodies were observed in hepatocytes at the junction between the
tumour and normal hepatic tissue. ON EM inclusions were lipid.

Obstructive Jaundice and Photosensitization in a Lamb Secondary to

Diaphragmatic Hernia. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 228e234:
Obstructive jaundice and photosensitization occurred in a 9-month-old lamb
as a sequela to a diaphragmatic hernia. A loop of proximal duodenum was
displaced, resulting in occlusion of the common bile duct, cholecystitis and
necrotizing hepatitis.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Canine Inflammatory and

Non-inflammatory Mammary Carcinoma. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 36e42.
VEGF was strongly expressed in all IMCs and the percentage of VEGF-immunoreactive
tumour cells was significantly higher in IMC than in non-IMC (P ¼ 0.02). There was no
difference in HER-2 receptor expression between IMC and non-IMC, and no IMC
expressed ER or PR. These results suggest that VEGF may contribute to the high
angiogenic phenotype of canine IMC and that this expression may underlie the tendency
towards local and systemic metastasis of these tumours.

Immunohistochemical Detection of Aetiological Agents of Proliferative and

Necrotizing Pneumonia in Italian Pigs. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 74e78.
Proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (PNP) is a form of interstitial pneumonia that
occurs in weaning and post-weaning pigs. PNP is characterized by hypertrophy and
hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes and coagulative necrosis and granular debris within
alveolar spaces. The principle aetiological agent of PNP in Italy therefore appears to be
PRRSV (11 of 28 pigs). Coinfection with PRRSV and PCV2 (8 pigs) is characterized by
more severe microscopical changes in affected lungs.

Chondro-osteoblastic Metaplasia in Canine Benign Cutaneous Lipomas. J. Comp.

Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 89e93. Mechanical stress, tropic disturbances, contact with
periosteum and other unknown factors may contribute to this transformation.

Increased Derlin-1 Expression in Metastases of Canine Mammary

Adenocarcinomas. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 79e83. Derlin-1 (Derl-1) is a
transporter protein for the export of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) and an inhibitor of ER stress-induced apoptosis. There is greater expression of
Derl-1 mRNA in laser mi-
crodissected lymph node metastases of mammary adenocarcinomas than in non-
neoplastic mammary gland
tissue from the same dog. Neoplastic mammary gland cells therefore appear to have an
increased stress-associated unfolded protein response, and this is highest in
intralymphatic tumour cells.

Distribution of Lesions in Red and Fallow Deer Naturally Infected with

Mycobacterium bovis. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 43e50. Fallow deer were
significantly more likely to have thoracic lesions than red deer. Lesions were observed in
the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. There were no microscopical differences in the lesions
in the lymph nodes of the red and fallow deer. Prevalence was 22%-28% in Fallow and
red deer respectively.

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Corns in dogs – signalment, possible aetiology and response to surgical

treatment.Journal of Small Animal Practice (2010) 51, 162-168. Corns, or paw pad
keratomas, in dogs are the result of mechanical abnormalities associated with chronic
low-grade pressure and the physical stresses of racing. They are mostly seen in middle-
aged to older racing or retired greyhounds. The evidence suggested that the corns had a
mechanical aetiology or were the result of foreign body penetration. Surgical excision
was found to be successful in the short term (up to one year) in 20 cases, but in the longer
term (up to five years) 14 dogs had a recurrence of lameness due to corn regrowth.

Association of treponemes with bovine ulcerative mammary dermatitis. Veterinary

Record (2010) 166, 532-533. the typical UMD site is between the forequarters and
ventral abdominal wall (Fig 1). UMD is a moist, exudative dermatitis with a pungent
odour. increased prevalence of UMD has been reported in herds with severe bovine
digital dermatitis (BDD) (Boyer and Singleton 1998). in BDD, the main aetiological
infectious agents that are implicated are spirochaetal bacteria. However, the
immunohistological data (three of eight samples) (table 1) and PCr (one of 10 samples)
(table 2) in the present study demonstrate that BDD treponemes are not as highly
associated with UMD lesions as they are with BDD lesions. it is therefore likely that
UMD lesions are more polymicrobial in content than BDD lesions and that BDD
treponemes may not be the only or major cause of UMD.

Treatment of distal radial/ulnar fractures in 17 toy breed dogs. Veterinary Record

(2010) 166, 430-432. The injury frequently
occurs following a jump down from a height and has a high chance of resulting in a non-
union fracture (Sumner-Smith 1974), probably due to a relatively low intraosseous blood
supply (Welch and others 1997). Fracture stabilisation can be achieved by using plates
(larsen and others 1999), external fixators (Waters and others 1993) and casting (lappin
and others 1983); however, casting is not currently a recommended method of treatment
for this type of fracture in toy breeds. The use of transfixation pins and Pmma to stabilise
distal radial/ulnar fractures in dogs weighing less than 3 kg was first reported in three
dogs by egger (1990). more recent reports have focused on plating as the method of
treatment, using 1.5 mm or 2 mm screws, in small dogs. The advantages of the
technique described here are that there is no need for a second surgery to remove the
implants, and less trauma to the soft tissue and bone is caused by the fixation than with a
T-plate fixation. The disadvantages of this technique are the length of time that
the dogs are exercise-restricted postoperatively (in this case series, an average of 19
weeks), and the pain and morbidity asso-
ciated with pin loosening

Presumed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus secondary to chronic copper

hepatotoxicity in sheep. Veterinary Record (2010) 166, 433-434. This short
communication describes a syndrome characterised by PUPD and very low USG in two
sheep that suffered from toxic hepatopathy associated with chronic copper poisoning.
Chronic copper poisoning causes hepatopathy in sheep manifesting with elevated serum
liver enzyme activity and bilirubin. These high values persist for some time after the
withdrawal of copper-containing concentrates. In small animal medicine, polyuria in
cases of liver disease is attributed to renal medullary washout because increased tubular
flow and volume decreases the reabsorption of sodium and urea, and reduces the
medullary interstitial hypertonicity of the kidneys. Another condition that can cause
PUPD in sheep is vitamin A deficiency.

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in free-living amoebae isolated

from fields not used for grazing. Veterinary Record (2010) 166, 401-402. Calves are
highly susceptible to infection with MAP, while adult cattle are relatively resistant.
Calves become infected within a few months of birth, but clinical signs do not become
apparent until the animals are several years of age. The primary route of infection is the
faecal-oral route, although the organism is excreted in the colostrum and milk of infected
dams, and calves may also become infected in utero. MAP is phagocytosed by
macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract but is able to resist the macrophages’
intracellular killing mechanisms. It has been proposed that similar mechanisms may also
allow MAP to survive for extended periods within amoebae. Acanthamoeba polyphaga,
an amoeba species commonly found in soil, can be experimentally infected with MAP.
Environmental amoebae were successfully isolated from 46 of the 75 soil samples, and
MAP DNA (second-round product) was identified in 33 (72 per cent) samples (Table 1).
There was no statistical association (Fisher’s exact test) (StataCorp 2007) between field
category and positive PCR results (P=0.353). In addition, rabbits and deer, which are
common in the area of the farm studied, can shed MAP in the course of a natural
infection, and may therefore have acted as a source of contamination for field type C.
Further studies are required to define the role of wildlife reservoirs.

Presumptive exercise-associated peracute thoracolumbar disc extrusion in 48 dogs.

Veterinary Record (2010) 166, 523-528. Most commonly, degeneration of the disc
precedes clinical signs. intervertebral discs that have undergone degenerative chondroid
or fibroid metaplasia may cause clinical signs in one of two ways: extrusion of the
nucleus pulposus or protrusion of the annulus fibrosus. traumatic intervertebral disc
disease is much less common (Griffiths 1970, McKee 1990, Chang and others 2007, De
risio and others 2009). it occurs when severe trauma, such as a road traffic accident or
running into an object, ruptures the annulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus rapidly
extrudes and injures the spinal cord. Griffiths (1970) described the clinical and
pathological features of traumatic cervical disc extrusion in five dogs. two cases were
examined postmortem, and both showed extrusion of non-degenerate nucleus pulposus
into the vertebral canal. Spinal cord injury was primarily contusive rather than
compressive. the term ‘disc explosion’ was used to denote the characteristic syndrome.
Sudden explosive rupture of discs with no obvious degenerative changes may also occur
in dogs in the absence of overt trauma, for example, with vigorous exercise. Cases
involving both the cervical and thoracolumbar spine have been reported (Hay and Muir
2000, yarrow and Jeffery 2000, Smith and Jeffery 2005, McKee and Downes 2008,
Derisio and others 2009). it is hypothesised that vigorous exercise results in a brief
excessive force that ruptures the dorsal annulus fibrosus, causing the extremely rapid
extrusion of the nucleus pulposus into the vertebral canal. the disc material strikes the
spinal cord and causes contusionwithout resulting in a compressive mass. the majority of
breeds were non-chondrodystrophoid.

Necrotising fungal dermatitis in a group of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).

Veterinary Record (2010) 166, 464-465. Dermatitis due to cAnV (commonly known as
‘yellow fungus disease’) generally presents as multifocal, yellow-brown discoloured
lesions all over the body, in addition to areas of crusting and hyperkeratotic plaques.
necrosis, sloughing and ulceration then follow, progressing to involve muscle and bone.
The infection spreads systemically to involve the internal organs, and death
DeRMATOMYcOSiS in reptiles due to the Chrysosporium anamorph of
Nannizziopsis vriesii (cAnV) is an emerging disease that is commonly reported in the
USA and has more recently been reported in lizards in Spain. Histopathological
examination of the specimens from the first lizard showed granulomatous dermatitis;
presumed intralesional fungal elements were identified on sections stained with periodic
acid-Schiff, consistent with infection with cAnV (Fig 3). Fungal culture was positive for
a fungus that was initially presumptively diagnosed as an atypical Trichophyton species,
but with unusual morphology. This isolate was sent to an external mycology laboratory
for speciation and was identified as cAnV. Enterococcus species were grown in bacterial
culture and considered a contaminant.Histopathology on the tissue from the second lizard
also showed granulomatous dermatitis with the presence of intralesional fungal elements,
consistent with infection with cAnV.

Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in a Camargue horse. Veterinary

Record (2010) 166, 499-500. Postmortem examination revealed extensive pulmonary
granulomatous lesions ranging from 1 to 4 mm in diameter. Most of the lymph nodes in
the throat, thorax and abdomen were grossly enlarged and when sectioned showed
numerous caseous, necrotic foci. Ziehl-Neelsen and auramin staining of the lymph node
biopsy revealed large numbers of acid-fast bacilli. PCR on this lymph node and lung
tissue samples demonstrated the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex dNA.
One month later, M bovis isolates were obtained by culture of all the samples using the
sulphuric acid decontamination method. The horse was then kept close to cattle,
separated from them only by a fence that could not prevent direct contact with them.
furthermore, the stallion was frequently used to manage the herd during cattle transfers.

Spontaneous femoral capital physeal fractures in a Continental giant rabbit.

Veterinary Record (2010) 166, 462-464. SPOnTAneOUS femoral capital physeal
fractures are well documented in cats. Histological analysis of the removed femoral heads
showed changes consistent with acute bilateral femoral capital physeal fractures. Only a
small amount of metaphyseal trabecular bone traversed the growth plate at the fracture
site, indicating that the physis was just beginning to close. The histological appearance of
acute fracture was not consistent with the four-week history of lameness in the rabbit, and
suggests that the fractures may have occurred following progressive pathology of the
physis before complete fracture. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (ScFe) is the most
common hip disorder in young adult human beings; obesity, endocrine disorders and the
rapid growth period have been implicated in causing weakness of the proximal femoral
growth plate. in cats, four risk factors for spontaneous femoral capital physeal fracture
have been identified: sex, with males more commonly affected than females;
reproductive status, with most affected cats being neutered; delayed physeal closure; and
abnormally high body weight. in rabbits, the growth period concludes at approximately
six months of age (Khermosh and others 1972). However, it is possible that physeal
closure occurs later in giant-breed rabbits, similar to the later closure time reported in
giant-breed dogs compared with small-breed dogs.

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A Grade IV Glioblastoma with an Oligodendroglial Component (GBM-O) in a

Horse. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 332e335. Necropsy examination revealed a
tumour that effaced much of the piriform and temporal lobes. Microscopically the lesion
was classified as a grade IV glioblastoma with an oligodendroglial component (GBM-O).
The tumour was composed of highly pleomorphic cells organized in different patterns
within a fibrillary stroma. There were multiple foci of necrosis. At the periphery of the
tumour neoplastic oligodendroglioma-like cells were embedded in an extracellular
mucinous matrix. Most neoplastic cells were strongly immunoreactive for glial fibrillary
acidic protein; however, the oligodendroglioma cells did not express this marker. All
neoplastic cells were negative for Neu-N and synaptophysin. All neoplastic cells and
normal brain tissue from the horse were uniformly negative for expression of epidermal
growth
factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR vIII mutant and the phosphatase and tensin homologue
(PTEN) compared with positive control human GBM tissue. To our knowledge this is the
first report of a GBM-O in the horse.

Corneal Fibropapillomatosis in Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Australia. J.

Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 341e346. Cutaneous and visceral fibropapillomatosis is
well documented internationally in marine turtles. Cutaneous fibropapillomatosis
typically affects the pericloacal, inguinaland axillary regions, neck, periocular
surfaces, mouth, carapace and plastron. Visceral fibropapillomatosis predominantly
affects the lungs, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys (Jacobson, 2007).
Although ocular fibropapillomas (FP) have been reported to occur frequently, the specific
occurrence of corneal tumours is only sparsely documented in the literature from
specific global regions. A virus in the alphaherpesvirus subfamily (chelonid
fibropapilloma-associated herpesvirus; CFPHV) has been isolated from FPs of marine
turtles. Microscopically, the FP involving the right eye of K76885 was large, papillary
and exophytic, extending from the limbus over a scleral ossicle and showing contiguity
with the peripheral corneal epithelium. all were papillary and the epithelium was
markedly hyperplastic and cornified rather than non-cornified. Moderate to abundant
amounts of supporting collagenous stroma contained densely packed, usually randomly
oriented plump fibroblasts
and numerous small blood vessels. In most masses numerous melanophores were also
prominent.

Absence of Myelofibrosis in Dogs with Myelosuppression Induced by Ehrlichia canis

Infection. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol. 142, 328e331. Ehrlichia canis-induced aplastic
pancytopenia. There was no significant deposition of collagen or reticulin in any sam-
ple, but in seven dogs the BM was depleted of haemosiderin. These findings suggest that
myelofibrosis does not play a significant role in the development of BM failure in canine
monocytic ehrlichiosis and that iron defi ciency may exacerbate the anaemia in the
myelosuppressive phase of the disease. Only some dogs progress to the chronic phase of
the disease, typically characterized by bone marrow (BM) aplasia, pancytopenia and
high mortality.

Epidermolysis Bullosa in Calves in the United Kingdom. J. Comp. Path. 2010, Vol.
142, 336e340. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) was diagnosed. Lesions included multifocal
erosion and ulceration of the hard and soft palates, tongue, nares and gingiva, with
nychomadesis
(dysungulation). There was alopecia, erosion and crusting of the coronets, pasterns,
fetlocks, carpi, hocks, flanks and axillae. Histopathological findings included segmental
separation of full thickness epidermis from the dermis, with formation of large clefts
containing eosinophilic fluid, extravasated red blood cells and small numbers of
neutrophils. Ultrastructurally, there was evidence of vacuolar change within basal
keratinocytes, corresponding to areas of histological clefting. Preliminary genetic
screening of the candidate keratin genes (bKRT5 and bKRT14) has excluded mutations
of these as the cause of this condition.