Vet Path 1997-2006 Summaries

Metastasizing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Aged Pig

Oral SCC in pig- also endometrial adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma

Ureteral Fibroepithelial Polyp in an Owl Monkey

Proximal ureter-pedunculated on narrow stalk – loosley packed fibroblasts in
myxomatous matrix covered with double layer of transitional epithelium

Myopathy with Central Cores in Foal

Congenital myopathy- absence of oxidative enzyme activity in the cores

Metastasizing Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in an Aged Pig

Oral SCC in pig- also endometrial adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma

Ureteral Fibroepithelial Polyp in an Owl Monkey

Proximal ureter-pedunculated on narrow stalk – loosley packed fibroblasts in
myxomatous matrix covered with double layer of transitional epithelium

Myopathy with Central Cores in Foal

Congenital myopathy- absence of oxidative enzyme activity in the cores

Altered Expression of ß-catenin, E-cadherin, Cycloxygenase-2, and p53 Protein by

Ovine Intestinal Adenocarcinoma Cells J. S. Munday; M. M. Brennan; M. Kiupel
Vet Pathol 2006 43: 613-621

Gross Findings:Splenomegaly with nodules and infarcts sometimes hepatomegaly

Histologic findings:
Spleen: Red pulp expanded with well differentiated and atypical histiocytes and
erythrophagocytic histiocytes occasionally with MNGC: EMH; thrombi
Liver: atypical histiocytes in portal vein and extension into parenchyma via sinuses:
EMH
Bone marrow: infiltrated by hemophagocytic histiocytes
Lung: Atypical histiocytes w/I alveolar septa

Cells expressed MHCII, β2 integrin and CD11d

Feline Progressive Histiocytosis (FPH)

V. K. Affolter; P. F. Moore Vet Pathol 2006 43: 646-655.
Gross: focal or multifocal dermal nodules, occas. ulcerated terminally with
lymphadenopathy
Histo: poorly circumscribed dermal nodule, occas. epithelial involvement, more
anaplastic with time, round cells w/distinct cell borders with round to oval nuclei
occasionally indented
DDX: primary histiocytic sarcoma history of skin lesions first=FPH

Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Canine Mammary Cell

Lines M. Brunelle; E. A. Sartin; L. G. Wolfe; J. Sirois; M. Doré Vet Pathol 2006 43:
656-666
In vitro one mammary cell type expressed elevated COX-2 and PGE2 which may directly
cause increase cell proliferation.

Immunohistochemical Identification and Pathologic Findings in Natural Cases of

Equine Abortion Caused by Leptospiral Infection
L. Szeredi; D. A. Haake 2006 43: 755-761
IHC was more sensitive than silver staining to detect Lepto organisms (what a
surprise?!?) in multiple tissues. Leptospiral AG most abundant in liver, heart, lung,
kidney
-Grossly: liver enlaragement, one with pinpoint white nodules; yellow liver
_Histo:tubulonephrosis, interstitial nephritism vacuolar degeneration of liver, with
multinucleated giant hepatocytes, bile duct proliferation with vacuolar degneration

Experimentally induced infection of reindeer w/Mycobacerium bovis page 52

*high number of false positives with regular intradermal skin testing
*fewer lesions with infection than white tailed deer
*All developed m/f caseonecrotic granulomas in the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
*Changes in skin thickness was greater in M. bovis deer with PPD injection

Histochemical and immunohistochemical evidence of a bacterium associated with

lesions of Epizootic bovine abortion

Morphological and IHC features of Crytosporidium andersoni in Cattle

-Organisms in apical aspect of epitheilal cells in anterior and middle parts of abomasal
gastric pits
No gross changes
Histologically-hyperplasia of gastric pits

Two cases of Equine Abortion Caused by Rhodococcus equi

VapA=virulence factor for R. equi
Rare cause of equine abortions
Pyogranulomaotus pneumonia in fetuses

Fatal Poxvirus Outbreak in a Colony of New World Monkeys

-erosive ulcerative lesions of oral mucous membranes
-hemorrhagic lesions throughout skin, occasionally pustular, IC inclusions
-Orthopox virus

Vet Path MTWC

Pages 357-373

Malignant Seminoma with Metastasis, Sertoli Cell Tumor, and Pheochromocytoma

in a Spotted Dolphin (Stenella frontalis) and Malignant Seminoma with Metastasis
in a Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)-and that’s everything in the article

Acute and Chronic gas Bubble lesions in Cetaceans Stranded in the United Kingdom
(pages 291-305)
• Multiple gas filled cavitary lesions grossly in liver, occasionally in kidney
• Cavitary lesions surrounded by fibrosis in liver
• Lesions occasionally associated with necrosis
• Fat emboli found in lungs
• Etiology and pathogenesis unknown—not infectious

Vet Path MTWC

Vet Pathol 2005 42: Pages 496-516

Unilateral Perinephric Pseudocyst Secondary to Hydronephrosis in a C57BL/6J

Mouse D. K. Meyerholz; S. J. Hostetter 496-498

*A perinephric pseudocyst formed secondary to hydronephrosis in mouse which is

partially lined by capsule and contains collapsed remnant of kidney

Multicentric Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Two Related Bearded

Dragons, Pogona vitticeps
K. Y. Lemberger; A. Manharth; A. P. Pessier
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 507-510
*interlacing streams and bundles of spindle cells; S100 and NSE +; neg for smooth
muscle actin
Fatal Placental Subinvolution in a Captive Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris,
Order Rodentia)
C. Juan-Sallés; L. S. Martínez; M. M. Garner 513-516
*uterine wall had abundant syncitiotrophoblast-like cells in capillaries
Vacular lesions=in uterus and mesometrium consiste of mural invasion by
cytotrophoblast and syncitiotophoblast like cells , thrombosis, fibrinoid necrosis

Vet Path Sept 2005 MTWC

Pages 659-674

Two cases of Malignant Craniopharyngoma

Craniopharyngoma=benign tumor and develops over the diaphragm of sella turcica and
has neoplastic cells with characteristics of epithelium-keratin positive
Malignant because anaplasia and invasion of bone
Ameloblastic=multiangular form cord like structures and cysts
Papillomatous

Putative Metronidazole Toxicosis in a Cat

Metronidazole is metabolized by liver and rapidly crosses blood-brain barrier
Histo=multifocal , fairly well demarcated foci of necrosis in brainstem, from
diencephalon to medulla oblongata

Vet path 2002 MTWC

Vet Pathol 2002 39: 273-289

Cutaneous Vasoproliferative Lesions in Goats

Complex Polysaccharide Inclusions in Skeletal Muscle Adjacent to Sarcomas in Two

Dogs

Mixed Apocrine Sweat Gland Tumor of the Tail in a Cow

Angiolipomatous Tumors in Dogs and a Cat

Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Different Types of Granulomatous

Lesions during Asymptomatic Stages of Bovine Paratuberculosis
Tuberculoid type lesions-Th1 response with release of cytokines IL-2, TNF, IFN
Lepromatous-IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, Il-10, involved in Th2 humoral immunity
IL-18 may play role in switch from TH1 to Th-2
Oligodendroglial Dysplasia in Two Bullmastiff Dogs
J. P. Morrison; S. J. Schatzberg; A. De Lahunta; J. T. Ross; P. Bookbinder; B. A.
Summers
Leukodystrophies in dogs:
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe’s disease or galactocerebrosidosis) in Cain Terriers
and Westies-progressive degnertion of white matter of CNS and PNS also reported in
Beagle, poodle, basset, blue tick hound, Pomeranian, irish setter and DSH and DLH
kittens
Cavitating leukodystrophy in dalmations
Leukodystrophy in Charolais cattle

Expression of Terminal Differentiation Proteins Defines Stages of Mouse Mammary

Gland Development
I. Mikaelian; M. Hovick; K. A. Silva; L. M. Burzenski; L. D. Shultz; C. L.
Ackert-Bicknell; G. A. Cox; J. P. Sundberg
Keratins 1,6,10,13,15 and filaggrin, involucrin and loricrin were not detected in any stage
of development.
K5 and SMA were in basal cells only but none of the markers tested speicifically
identified luminal cells
Labeling for K8/18 was heterogeneous at all times

Vet Path March 2006 MTWC

Pages 118-149

First and Second Cattle Passage of TME by intraceerebral inoculation

Second passage TME and TME can infect cattle by intracerebral inoculation
TME incattle can not be distinguished from BSE by clinical signs, neuropathology,
Or presence of PrP by IHC and WB
Scrapie and CWD don’t cause BSE lesions with intracerebral inoculation in cattle

Mucosal Immune Response in Cattle with Subclinical Johne’s disease

M. avium paratuberculosis causes attenuated immune response in the intestinal lamina
propria in the subclinical stages most likely due to proliferation of regulatory T cells that
nonspecifically suppress the immune response
-Increase in memory Tcells (CD2+CD62L-) and regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+)
Decrease in T cells with activated phenotype and in cells expressing MHC classII
The Histologic and Epidemiologic Bases for Prognostic Considerations in Canine
Melanocytic Neoplasia
For oral tunors-nuclear atypia was best predictor of overall behavior-multiple nucleoli,
anisokaryosis and pleomorphism, and malignant behavior (metastasis or reoccurrence) is
not as common as previously reported)
Skin tumors-using only mitotic index not as good as nuclear atypia
Tumors of feet and lips- Use mitotic index and nuclear atypia for classification
-Equal sex distribution

Meningoencephalitis Tuberculosa in a Holstein Cow

E. OruÇ
TB in meninges and ventricles

Vet Path March 2006 MTWC

Pages 150-182

Pathogenicity of Vietnamese Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Strains in Colostrum-

deprived One-day-old Piglets
T. N. Do; I. Wilkie; S. J. Driesen; V. A. Fahy; D. J. Trott Vet Pathol 2006 43: 150-160.
Why do I care about E. coli in Vietnamese pigs???
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is associated with neonatal diarrhea belonging to limited
number of O serogroups nd one or more fimbriae in association with heat stabile and
labile toxins. Vietnamese pigs have new fimbrial type

Expression of Mx Protein and Interferon- in Pigs Experimentally Infected with

Swine Influenza Virus
K. Jung; C. Chae Vet Pathol 2006 43: 161-167.
Influenza=Orthomyxovirus; Influenza subtypes based on difference in hemagglutinin
(H1-H15) and neuraminidase (N1-9) H1n1, N1N2, H3N2 are commonly isolated
MX and IFN-α are expressed in lungs infected with swine flu
IFN’s and MX -antiviral

-Macaque with combined type osteosarcoma composed of fibroblasts, osteoblasts and

primitive mesenchymal cells

-Cutaneous angiomatosis=youg dog w/widely dispersed infiltrative mass of benign

appearing vessels with benign clinical features
Bile duct epithelium proliferates after ligation
Proliferating activity of bile ducts decrease as myofibroblast-like cell proliferation
increases

Vet Path Nov 2005:42 MTWC

Pages 828-844

Canine Carcinosarcomas in the Head

J Sánchez; A. J. Buendía; M. Vilafranca; R. Velarde; J. Altimara; C. M. Martínez;
J. A. Navarro
-Tumors related to osseous structures in the heads of old dogs with admixed arrangement
of carcinomatous (cytokeratin +) and sarcomatous (vimentin +) malignant cells
-uncommon canine tumor described in mammary glands, thyroid gland, mandibular
salivary gland and lung

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)=derived from a primitive neuroepithelial cell

that can differentiate along numerous neuroectodermal cell lines ie. Neuronal, ependymal
or Glial- may have no specific differentiation or multi-or bipotential differentiation
(Meuten)
GFAP=astrocyte marker; NSE-neuron; Synaptophysin-Neurons and endocrine cells; S-
100: Schwannomas, ependymomas, astrogliomas, and almost all benign and malignant
melanomas

Erythropoietin Receptor Expression in Canine Mammary Tumor: An

Immunohistochemical Study
A. Sfacteria; G. Mazzullo; C. Bertani; P. Calabrò; G. De Vico; B. Macrì
*EPO receptor activity increased in the cytoplasm in dysplastic lesions and more severely
in neoplastic lesions in canine mammary gland
Binding of EPO results in proliferation, differentiation and survival of erythroid
progenitor cells by inhibition of apoptosis, and may be involved in growth, viability and
angiogenesis in tumors

Bacterial Meningoencephalitis and Ventriculitis Due to Migrating Plant Foreign

Bodies in Three Dogs
M. M. Dennis; L. K. Pearce; R. W. Norrdin; E. J. Ehrhart

-causese regional suppurative encephalitis

-sequela to intranasal, periocular, or pharyngeal foreign bodies
Vet Path September 2005 MTWC
Pages 633-658

Expression of Connexins 26 and 43 in Canine Hyperplastic and Neoplastic

Mammary Glands
L. N. Torres; J. M. Matera; C. H. Vasconcellos; J. L. Avanzo; F. J. Hernandez-
Blazquez; M. L. Z. Dagli Vet Pathol 2005 42: 633-641
Connexins form a hemi-channel, the connexon, in plasma membraenes: gap junctions
Connexin 26 and 43-fewer spots on cell membranes or more intracytoplasmic
immunostaining in aggressive malignant neoplasms
E-cadherin=adhesion molecule: less intense staining in malignant neoplasms

Bovine Papillomavirus Type-2 (BPV-2) Infection and Expression of Uroplakin IIIb,

a Novel Urothelial Cell Marker, in Urinary Bladder Tumors of Cows
S. Roperto; V. Ambrosio; G. Borzacchiello; P. Galati; O. Paciello; V. Russo; F.
Roperto Vet Pathol 2005 42: 812-81

Uroplakins are integral membrane proteins on the surface of uinary epithelium as part of
“urothelial plaque”
UPIIb is highly sensitive marker for bovine urothelial tumors but does not correlate with
biologic behavior
BPV-2 was detected in all tumors

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Salivary Gland in Two Syrian Hamsters

(Mesocricetus auratus)
J. S. Munday; L. J. Richey; C. A. Brown; N. A. Rodriguez; M. Kiupel
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 819-823.
Plasmacytoma in submaxillary salivary glands-sheets of round cells with eccentric
nucleus with “clock face” appearance surrounded by amorphous eosinophilic material
CD79a positive

Incidence of Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy: Necropsy Study of 225 Horses

B. A. Valentine; B. J. Cooper Vet Pathol 2005 42: 823-827
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSSM) was diagnosed of muscle biopsies
contained amylase resistant inclusions, 3+ subsarcolemmal aggregates of glycogen,
and/or central cytoplasmic bodies containing glycogen Also some had chronic
myopathic change=fiber size variation and more internal nuclei
Frequency: Draft horse>Morgan>Arabian>Pony (POA)>Appaloosa>Tennessee
walker>QH>Paint>Warmblood>Thoroughbred
Ossifying Fibroma in a Miniature Rex Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
K. A. Whitten; M. M. Popielarczyk; D. A. Belote; G. C. McLeod; M. G. Mense
Vet Pathol 2006 43: 62-64.
-most frequently in young horses
-fibroblastic cells separated by abundant collagen that undergo differentation to
osteoblasts and form spicules of woven or lamellar bone

An Unusual Case of Generalized Soft-Tissue Mineralization in a Suckling Foal

J. C. Estepa; E. Aguilera-Tejero; R. Zafra; R. Mayer-Valor; M. RodrÍguez

Soft tissue mineralization due to high phosphorus and low PYH concentration that
predisposed to vascular mineralization-related to nutritional secondary
hyperparathyroidism

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Inflammatory Infiltrate in the Skin and Lung

of Lambs Naturally Infected with Sheeppox Virus
M. Y. Gulbahar; W. C. Davis; H. Yuksel; M. Cabalar
The following were histologic lesions of the skin due to sheep pox except:
A) Localized acanthosis
B) Hyperkeratotic or parakeratotic hyperkeratosis
C) Occasional rete ridges
D) Hydropic-reticular keratinocytes to microvesciculation
E) Intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies in degenerate keratinocytes

Disseminate Cryptococcosis in a Guenon (Cercopithecus ascanius)

K. L. Helke; M. C. Denver; E. Bronson; J. L. Mankowski
Disseminated usually not in immunocompetent animals

Characterization of the cDNA Encoding IIb and ß3 in Normal Horses and Two
Horses with Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
P. W. Christopherson; T. A. Insalaco; V. L. van Santen; L. Livesey; C. Bourne
Glanzmann thrombastenia=intrinsic platelet defect of platelet glycoprotein complexs IIb-
IIIa ( integrin α IIbβ 3) see impaired clot retraction and platelet aggregation

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in a Newborn Calf

H. Yoshikawa; T. Fukuda; T. Oyamada; T. Yoshikawa
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 143-145.

American Journal of Pathology, Vol 132, 73-85,1998

Role of the Ito cell in liver parenchymal fibrosis in rats fed alcohol and a high fat-low
protein diet
An increase in the collagen in both the central and portal areas was found when the livers
of the alcohol-fed rats were compared with controls. The predominant cell in the scars
was the Ito cell. à Ito cell activation is necessary for scar formation

Vet Pathol
August 4, 2005
Kei K

Progressive Immunopathological Changes during Early Stages of Experimental

Infection of Goats with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis
S. K. Munjal; B. N. Tripathi; O. P. Paliwal
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 427-436.

M (membrane epithelial) cells picked up a paratuberculosis à macrophage phagocytosis

"Gas and Fat Embolic Syndrome" Involving a Mass Stranding of Beaked Whales
(Family Ziphiidae) Exposed to Anthropogenic Sonar Signals
A. Fernández; J. F. Edwards; F. Rodríguez; A. Espinosa de los Monteros; P.
Herráez; P. Castro; J. R. Jaber; V. Martín; M. Arbelo
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 446-457.

If you see perivascular hemorrhage, congestion, and gas and fat emboli in the brain of a
beaked whale in the exam, think about “gas and fat embolic syndrome”
Pathogenesis appears to involve exposure to mid frequency sonar signal

"Gas and Fat Embolic Syndrome" Involving a Mass Stranding of Beaked Whales
(Family Ziphiidae) Exposed to Anthropogenic Sonar Signals
-Gas and fat emboli occur in stranded cetaceans exposed to sonar and causes a DCS like
lesion that leads to stranding
Gross lesions: congestion and hemorrhage of brain and kidneys

Hemangiomatosis Associated with Osteolysis of the Mandible in a Dog Resembling

Gorham-Stout Disease in Humans
-massive osteolysis of mandible associated with a non-malignant proliferation of vascular
channels in young dog
Multicentric Benign Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors in Two Related Bearded
Dragons, Pogona vitticeps
K. Y. Lemberger; A. Manharth; A. P. Pessier
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 507-510.

Memo: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors – positive for S100 and neuron-specific enolase

Fatal Placental Subinvolution in a Captive Capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris,

Order Rodentia)
C. Juan-Sallés; L. S. Martínez; M. M. Garner
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 513-516.

August 25, 2005

Vet Pathol 2002 39;2

Hepatobiliary Inflammation, Neoplasia, and Argyrophilic Bacteria in a Ferret

Colony
A. García; S. E. Erdman; S. Xu; Y. Feng; A. B. Rogers; M. D. Schrenzel; J. C.
Murphy; J. G. Fox
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 173-179.

Memo:
 Helicobacter sp. may have a role in the disease development in cholangiohepatitis
and hepatocellular carcinoma in ferrets – further study is necessary to verify this
speculation
 Aleutian disease virus (parvovirus) infection in ferrets causes hepatitis
characterized by bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis

Studies on Pathogenesis Following Single and Double Infection with Viral

Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus in
Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
B. E. Brudeseth; J. Castric; Ø. Evensen
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 180-189.

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus are both
Novirhabdovirus (Rhabdoviridae family – rabies virus Rhabdoviridae Lyssavirus) in
trout. Primary target organs are hematopoietic tissues of kidney and spleen.
 Viral hemorrhagic septicemia : edema and hemorrhage of intestinal mucosa;
endotheliotropic-vascular damage; hemorrhage of gills, muscle, and abdominal
organs; affects older fish.
  Infectious hematopoietic necrosis : clinical signs and gross lesions; acute necrosis
of the stratum granulosum of the intestinal mucosa is pathognomonic; focal
hemorrhage and degeneration of hematopoietic tissue; some pancreatic
hemorrhage and necrosis.

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitrotyrosine in Listeric Encephalitis: A

Cross-species Study in Ruminants
H. Pfister; K. A. Remer; M. Brcic; R. Fatzer; S. Christen; S. Leib; T. W. Jungi
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 190-199.

Morphologic and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella typhimurium Infection

in Neonatal Calves
R. L. Santos; S. Zhang; R. M. Tsolis; A. J. Bäumler; L. G. Adams
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 200-215.
Memo:
 IL-4: a lymphokine that stimulate the proliferation of activated B cells and T cells
 IL-10: an anti-inflammatory cytokine, capable of inhibiting synthesis of pro-
inflammatory cytokines like INFγ, IL-2, IL-3, TNFα and GM-CSF by cells such
as macrophages and Th1 cells.

Cats Differ from Mink and Ferrets in Their Response to Commercial Vaccines: A
Histologic Comparison of Early Vaccine Reactions
E. Eggers Carroll; R. R. Dubielzig; R. D. Schultz

-cats had more lymphocytes that ferrets and mink

-fibroblasts, collagen and macrophages differed among three killed aluminum adjuvant
vacc in cats only

Trichinella nativa and T. spiralis Induce Distinguishable Histopathologic and

Humoral Responses in the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)
A. Sukura; A. Näreaho; T. Mikkonen; M. Niemi; L. Oivanen
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 257-265.

Memo:
• Raccoon dogs seems to be an important vector and reservoir for Trichinella in
Finland
• Within a muscle cell, the Trichinella larvae curl up and direct the cells functioning
much as a virus does. The cell is called “nurse cell”
• The cysts of T. native were more rounded than those of T. spiralis
• The capsules around the nurse cell of T. native was thicker than those of T.
spiralis

Metastatic Lymphangiosarcoma in a Horse

 B. Sanchez; A. Nieto; M. A. Ruiz de Leon; J. Rodríguez; J. Flores
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 266-268.

Memo:
• Lymphagiosarcoma is a rare tumor in domestic animals characterized by the
absence of red blood cells within vascular channels lined by abnormal endothelial
cells and the presence of a lymphocytic infiltrate in the stroma
• Collagen IV, a major constituent of basement membrane and laminin, a major
non-collagenous component of basement membrane – scarce or the absence of
these staining would be indicative of a discontinuous basement membrane,
lymphatics

September 15, 2005

Vet Pathol 2002:39;2 March
Kei K.

Cutaneous Vasoproliferative Lesions in Goats

R. J. Bildfell; B. A. Valentine; K. M. Whitney
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 273-277.

Note: These cutaneous vascular masses (hemangioma, hemangiosarcoma, and vascular

hamartoma) are common tumors (tumor like growth) in uncommon species (goat).

Complex Polysaccharide Inclusions in Skeletal Muscle Adjacent to Sarcomas in Two

Dogs
B. A. Valentine; R. J Bildfell; B. J. Cooper; U. Giger; K. A. Fischer
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 278-280.

Note: Complex polysaccharide inclusions (inclusions of periodic acid-Schiff positive,

amylase resistant material) typically seen in glycogen storage diseases can be seen within
skeletal muscle fibers in dogs adjacent to malignant tumors.

 Glycogenosis type Ia – glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency in toy breed

pups
 Glycogenosis type II – α-glucosidase deficiency reported in Lapland
dogs
 Glycogenosis type III – a deficiency of the debranching enzyme amylo-1,
6-glucosidase reported in German Shepherds and Akitas
 Glycogenosis type IV – an inherited (autosomal recessive) deficiency of
the glycogen branching enzyme α-1,4-D-glucan: α 1,4 glucan 6-glucosyl
transferase reported in Norwegian Forest cat
 Glycogenosis type VII – an inherited (autosomal recessive) deficiency of
phosphofructokinase reported in young English Spaniels
Angiolipomatous Tumors in Dogs and a Cat
A. D. Liggett; K. S. Frazier; E. L. Styer
Vet Pathol 2002 39: 286-289.

Memo:
 LIPOMA (benign tumor of well-differentiated adipose tissue), 3 types of tumors
in the
Meuten as following:
• Lipomas
• Fibrolipomas – contain bands of collagenous connective tissue
 Angiofibrolipomas – mentioned in this article, contain vascular
tissue and bands of collagenous connective tissue
• Angiolipomas – contain cluster of small blood vessels
 A main differential of an infiltrative angiolipomas is intramuscular hemangiomas
 Fibrin thrombi can be seen in angiofibrolipomas, angiolipomas, and intramuscular
hemangioma

Acute and Chronic Gas Bubble Lesions in Cetaceans Stranded in the United
Kingdom
P. D. Jepson; R. Deaville; I. A. P. Patterson; A. M. Pocknell; H. M. Ross; J. R.
Baker; F. E. Howie; R. J. Reid; A. Colloff; A. A. Cunningham
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 291-305.

Memo: The etiology and pathogenesis of gas bubble lesions in abdominal viscera in
cetaceans are unknown. Decompression of nitrogen might be playing a role.

Unilateral Limb Enlargement in a Dog with a Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath

Tumor
A. Brower; S. Salamat; J. Crawford; P. Manley
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 353-356.

Lipid-rich Carcinoma of the Mammary Gland in a Cat

D.A. Kamstock; R. Fredrickson; E. J. Ehrhart
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 360-362.

Memo: Lipid-rich carcinomas of the canine and feline mammary gland are extremely
uncommon.
KIT-positive Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in a 22-year-old Male Chimpanzee
(Pan troglodites)
G. A. Saturday; J. Lasota; D. Frost; K. B. Brasky; G. Hubbard; M. Miettinen
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 362-365.

Memo:
KIT (a receptor tyrosine kinase whose ligand is stem cell factor) and PDGFRA
(platelet
derived growth factor receptor α) are members of type III tyrosine kinase receptor
family and great majority of HUMAN gastrointestinal stromal tumors carry
specific KIT
or PDGFRA mutations.

Low-grade Glial Tumor with Features of Astroblastoma in a Dog

J. R. Cowart; F. Y. Schulman; H. Mena
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 366-369.

Astroblastoma?? Learn astrocytoma first!

 Gemistocytic astrocytoma: diffusely infiltrative large cells w/ abundant
eosinophilic cytoplasm and a marginally located hyperchromatic nuclei
 Fibrillary astrocytoma: stellate cells w/ abundant cytoplasm containing
prominent neuroglial fibrils (most common form)
 Glioblastoma multiforme (high-grade astrocytoma): necrosis and/or glomeruloid
vascular proliferation

Pathology of Bartonella Endocarditis in Six Dogs

P. A. Pesavento; B. B. Chomel; R. W. Kasten; K. A. McDonald; F. C. Mohr
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 370-373.

July 20, 2005

Vet Pathol 42 May
Kei K.

Bovine Papillomavirus Type-2 (BPV-2) Infection and Expression of Uroplakin IIIb,

a Novel Urothelial Cell Marker, in Urinary Bladder Tumors of Cows
S. Roperto; V. Ambrosio; G. Borzacchiello; P. Galati; O. Paciello; V. Russo; F.
Roperto Vet Pathol 2005 42: 812-81

Uroplakins are integral membrane proteins on the surface of uinary epithelium as part of
“urothelial plaque”
UPIIb is highly sensitive marker for bovine urothelial tumors but does not correlate with
biologic behavior
BPV-2 was detected in all tumors

Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Salivary Gland in Two Syrian Hamsters

(Mesocricetus auratus)
J. S. Munday; L. J. Richey; C. A. Brown; N. A. Rodriguez; M. Kiupel
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 819-823.
Incidence of Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy: Necropsy Study of 225 Horses
B. A. Valentine; B. J. Cooper
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 823-827

October 13, 2005 Vet Pathol 2005;42:5

Kei K.

Renal Myxozoanosis in Crowned River Turtles Hardella thurjii: Description of the

Putative Agent Myxidium hardella n. sp. by Histopathology, Electron Microscopy,
and DNA Sequencing
M. M. Garner; J. L. Bartholomew; C. M. Whipps; R. W. Nordhausen; P. Raiti
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 589-595.

 Renal myxozoanosis characterized by intratubular myxozoan spores, tubular

necrosis, exofoliation of necrotic cells, protein casts and mineralized debris in
the tubular lumina
 Other important myxozoanosis:
 Proliferative kidney disease in salmon – Tetracapsuloides
bryosalmonae
 Whirling disease in salmon and trout – Myxobolus cerebralis, cause
skeletal deformation and neurological damage (characterized 3 tails
myxozoa)

Characterization of Feline Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Variable Region Genes

for the Molecular Diagnosis of B-cell Neoplasia
J. A. Werner; J. C. Woo; W. Vernau; P. S. Graham; R. A. Grahn; L. A. Lyons; P.
F. Moore
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 596-607.

Note: Very technical paper regarding heteroduplex (native and denatured cDNA) PCR
analysis for feline B-cell lymphoma

Mutations of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted from Chromosome 10 in

Canine Hemangiosarcoma
 E. B. Dickerson; R. Thomas; S. P. Fosmire; A. R. Lamerato-Kozicki; S. R.
Bianco; J. W. Wojcieszyn; M. Breen; S. C. Helfand; J. F. Modiano
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 618-632.

Did you remember?

CD31 (PECAM; platelet endothelial adhesion molecule) is a homophilic adhesion
molecule, expressed both on endothelium and leukocytes. CD31 is expressed
constitutively on the surface of adult and embryonic endothelial cells and is weakly
expressed on many peripheral leukocytes and platelets. CD31 is involved in the
transendothelial emigration of neutrophils (leukocytes migration through endothelium).

Did you know what “anoikis” is?

Anoikis is defined as apoptosis that is induced by inadequate or inappropriate cell-matrix
interactions.

Summary:
The study showed that mutation (somatic point mutation or deletions) of the C-terminal
domain of PTEN (chromosome 10) occurred frequently in canine hemangiosarcoma.
 PTEN inhibits cell proliferation and activates apoptosis  tumor-suppressive
activity

October 27, 2005

Vet Pathol 2005;5 September

Expression of Connexins 26 and 43 in Canine Hyperplastic and Neoplastic

Mammary Glands
L. N. Torres; J. M. Matera; C. H. Vasconcellos; J. L. Avanzo; F. J. Hernandez-
Blazquez; M. L. Z. Dagli
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 633-641.

• Gap junctions are the only communicating junctions found in animal tissues,
which are responsible for the direct traffic of molecules with M.W. < 1,000 to
2,000 dalton.
• Gap junctions are composed of connexins, connexin 26 and connexin 43.
• It is known that there is reduction in gap junction intercellular communication in
malignant tumors.
• This study showed that “generally” malignant canine mammary tumors expressed
a less intense Cx 26, Cx 43, and E-cadherin while high cell proliferation rates
(PCNA) as determined by immunohistochemistry.

Hypertensive Encephalopathy in Cats with Reduced Renal Function

C. A. Brown; J. S. Munday; S. Mathur; S. A. Brown
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 642-649.

• Systemic hypertension is often seen in cats (and humans) with renal failure and
following renal transplantation
 • Vessel over distension due to (acute) high pressure > breakdown of the blood-
brain barrier with opening of the endothelial junctions > leakage of plasma
protein into the extracellular space (vasogenic edema)
• Common pathologic findings: diffuse brain edema, cerebral arteriolosclerosis
(mainly affect arterioles), and parenchymal microhemorrhages

Genital Lesions Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis and Shedding of

Leishmania sp. in the Semen of Naturally Infected Dogs
S. A. Diniz; M. S. Melo; A. M. Borges; R. Bueno; B. P. Reis; W. L. Tafuri; E. F.
Nascimento; R. L. Santos
Vet Pathol 2005 42: 650-658.

• Genital lesions (epididimitis, balanoposthitis), shedding Leishmania sp. in the

semen are frequently associated with visceral leishmaniasis.
• Venereal transmission in dogs has not been confirmed.
• No amastigotes were observed in the lumen of seminiferous tubes and
epididymal ducts in this study

Renal Myxozoanosis in Crowned River Turtles Hardella thurjii: Description of the

Putative Agent Myxidium hardella n. sp. by Histopathology, Electron Microscopy,
and DNA Sequencing
Myxozoa=metazoan organisms that are usually parasites of fish
Has been found also in waterfowl, mole and north American turtle
Chronic renal failure in these turtles-in tubules

Characterization of Feline Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Variable Region Genes

for the Molecular Diagnosis of B-cell Neoplasia
Complemnetarity determining region (CDR3) of the ICH V gene of B cells has high
degree of variability dur to diversity of sdequence and length of CDR3. PCR on formalin
fixed paraffin embedded tissue can help in dx monoclonal population which is senn with
neoplasia
Repeat PCR analysis to prevent false positive due to pseudoclonality
Blah blah blah

Mutations of Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted from Chromosome 10 in

Canine Hemangiosarcoma
PTEN=phophatase and tensin homolog inhibits cell proliferation and activates cell
suicide program
Tumor suppressive activity is due to lipid phosphatase activity
Point mutations in C terminal end of PTEN may occur in canine hemangiosarcomas

_____________________________
Progressive proliferative & dysplastic typhlocolitis in aging Syrian hamsters
naturally infected with Helicobacter spp.: a spontaneous model of inflammatory
bowel disease. pp2-14. Jan 2006 AR. Hamsters and Helicobacter spp. infection: large
bowel hyperplasia, and dysplasia in ileocecocolic junction/ Tumors: malignant fibrous
histiocytoma & round cell sarcoma./ Hamsters and enteric disease: Clostridium difficile
overgrowth: typically causes necrotizing fatal typhlocolitis; linked to proliferative
typhlocolitis in adults/ Lawsonia intracellularis: proliferative enteritis / Giardia:
enterotyphlocolitis in aging hamsters/ Campylobacter jejuni: reservoirs::: Round cell
tumor such as gastric lymphomas have been associated with: H. pylori in humans, H.
mustelae in ferrets, H. felis in mice.

Gonadectomy-induced adrenocortical neoplasia in the domestic ferret & laboratory

mouse. pp97-117. March 2006 AR [see AR’s comprehensive summary for further
details]
• Sex steroid-producing adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas occur frequently
in neutered ferrets
• Prepubertal gonadectomy elicits similar tumors in certain inbred/genetically
engineered strains of mice
• Mice & ferrets: neoplastic adrenocortical cells functionally resemble gonadal
steroidogenic cells and arise from progenitors in the subcapsular or juxtamedullary region
• Chronic  in LH that follows ovariectomy/orchiectomy is a prerequisite for
neoplastic transformation
• Gonadectomy alters the plasma/local concentrations of steroid hormones and
other factors that affect adrenocortical tumor development including inhibins, activins,
and Mullerian inhibiting substance
• GATA-4 immunoreactivity is a hallmark of neoplastic transformation
• Synergistic interactions among GATA-4, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), & other
transcription factors enhance expression of inhibin- & genes critical for sex steroid
production such as CYP450 17-hydroxylase/17,20 lysase & aromatase
• Gonadectomy-induced adrenocortical neoplasia observed in ferrets, mice, rats,
guinea pigs, & hamsters
• Adrenocortical carcinomas are associated with prepubertal gonadectomy of CE
mice

The comparative pathology of Clostridium dificile-associated disease. REVIEW.

pp225-40. May 2006 AR
• C. difficile: Most species  cecum & colon; Foals & rabbits  jejunum
• Most common in Syrian hamsters, horses, neonatal pigs; Sporadic in other species
• Virulence factors (exotoxins): toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB)
• Receptor-mediated endocytosis of toxins (Cell surface receptor identified for
TcdA, but not TcdB) endosomal acidification conversion of toxin to active form in
cytosol disrupt Rho-subtype intracellular signaling molecules disrupt actin
cytoskeleton catastrophic for cellular function (inflammation & neurogenic stimuli also
involved)
Characterization of the cDNA encoding αIIb & β3 in normal horses & 2 horses
w/Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT). pp78-82. Jan 2006
- GT = Inherited, intrinsic platelet defect characterized by quantitative or qualitative
change in platelet glycoprotein complex IIb-IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3)
- subunits encoded by separate genes, & both must be expressed to get stable complex;
so defect in either gene = GT
- these 2 horses had nml coag tests, normal platelet numbers, nml vWF Ag levels;
marked impairment of clot retraction & plt aggregation responses
- cDNA: single guanine -> cytosine base change (proline replaces arginine); 1 horse
hetero, 1 horse homozygous

Systemic granulomatous disease & sialometaplasia in a dog w/Bartonella infection.

pp391-92. May 2006 JTP
- Bartonella spp: Gm neg, intracellular bacterial rods; transmitted thru fleas & ticks; can
be found in healthy animals (act as carriers)
- B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii & B. clarridgeiae are species most often isolated from
dogs; cause of uveitis, endocarditis, rhinitis, granulomatous dz in liver, LN, heart, spleen
- Sialometaplasia: rare dz, unknown cause, dog & cat; in dog, usu. hits 1 submandibular
salivary gland (SMG), induces infarction/necrosis, inflammation, squamous metaplasia of
glandular epithelium & ducts
- Systemic granulomatous dz; sialometaplasia of both SMG; Bartonella vinsonii subsp.
berkhoffii & B. henselae DNA amplified
- Bartonellae should be considered potential causes of sialometaplasia.

K9 intraneural perineuroma. pp50-54. Jan 2006 AR

• Histo: distended hypercellular fascicles; widely separated axons surrounded by
concentric lamellations formed by neoplastic perineural cells and their processes; pseudo-
onion bulbs separated by basophilic myxoid stroma
• Immuno: cell processes laminin +; central axons NF-200 & S-100 +; MIB-1 index
~3%
• EM: widely separated interdigitating perineurioma cell processes connected by
desmosomal-like junctional complexes
to form continuous circles; discontinuous basal lamina; axon variably myelinated
& surrounded by Schwann cell

The histologic & epidemiologic basis for prognostic considerations in K9

melanocytic neoplasia. pp136-49. March 2006 MT
- Mitotic index (MI), nuclear atypia, tumor score, presence of metastasis or recurrence
helpful to predict outcome
- Oral cavity highest mortality rate & worst survival time (gingival, tongue, palate,
pharynx), then feet/mucosa of lip; cutaneous least
- deep inflammation, increasing size/volume, intralesional necrosis varied but significant
- for feet & lip mucosa, increasing age & jxnal activity significant; increasing age
significant for cutaneous
- Nuclear atypia gave best overall results for all 3 locations (plus MI for feet/lips)
- Epithelioid most common type in all 3 sites, followed by mixed (epithelioid + spindle);
spindle uncommon (<10%),
dendritic & signet ring very rare
- Malignancy consistently overstated by ~30%

K9 indolent nodular lymphoma. pp241-56. May 2006 AR

• B-cell lymphomas (CD79a+) predominated
• Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL): Largest group; Involved lymph node (33
cases); spleen (13 cases); both lymph node and spleen (5 cases)
• Follicular lymphoma (FL): Lymph nodes (5 cases)
• Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL): Solitary splenic masses (3 cases)
• Nodal CD3+ T-zone lymphoma (TZL) (10 cases): Resembled late-stage MZL
• Marginal zone hyperplasia (2 cases)
• Clonal rearrangement of Ig heavy chain (IGH) in 80% MZL, 100% FL, & 100%
MCL
• Concurrent rearrangement of T-cell Ag receptor gamma (TCRG) in 6 MZL & 2
FL
• Clonal rearrangement of TCRG in 63% TZL
• B cell lymphomas (MZL, MCL, & FL) and the T-cell lymphoma (TZL) were
associated with indolent behavior and long term survival

T-cell lymphoma w/eosinophilic infiltration involving the intestinal tract in 11 dogs.

pp339-44. May 2006 NW
- Canine T-cell lymphomas characterized by small to large cell types and
eosinophil infiltration developed in small intestine
- Epitheliotropism is not a consistent feature of T cell lymphoma.
- Be aware of T-cell lymphoma as a differential diagnosis for intestinal round cell
tumors with eosinophilic infiltrate!!!
- T-cell lymphomas can be very similar to mast cell tumors of gastrointestinal
origin, so do IHC for mast cell markers (e.g. mast cell tryptase and c-kit) and
lymphocyte markers (e.g. CD3 and CD79) for definitive diagnosis.
- EM features indicating the neoplastic cells are not mast cells:
o Tumor cells have smooth cell membranes, and cytoplasmic processes are
not conspicuous. Ribosomal rosettes, small rough endoplasmic reticulum
and lysosomes were present, but there were no granules in the cytoplasm.

Intestinal choristoma in the subcutis of a dog. pp356-57. May 2006 JTP

- choristoma = mass of normal tissue in an abnormal location
- SQ mass, circumscribed, unencapsulated, cystic, w/bilayer wall
- inner layer like intestinal mucosa: tall columnar lining epithelium, crypt-like glands
w/scattered synaptophysin +
neuroendocrine cells, supporting lamina propria-like fibrovascular tissue
containing lymphocytes & plasma cells
- outer layer 1-2mm thick, w/intersecting & blending bundles of smooth muscle &
collagen (fibromuscular layer)
- 1st report of this in any nonhuman animal
- hamartoma = benign tumor-like nodule of overgrowth of mature cells & tissues
normally found in the affected
part, but often with 1 element predominating

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma with sebaceous differentiation in the

mandibular salivary gland of a dog. pp374-77. May 2006 JTP
- ex pleomorphic adenoma = carcinoma arising in a mixed tumor
- CASE described: Salivary gland tumor with sebaceous differentiation

K9 cardiac mesothelioma with granular cell morphology. pp384-87. May 2006 AR

• 10 y Golden retr. w/pericardial/abdominal effus: Cardiac mesothelioma
w/granular cell features
• Immuno: Pancytokeratin +, Vimentin +, S-100 neg
• Histo: Fibrovascular papillary projections supporting globoid cells which
extended from atrial and aortic root samples; Clusters of cells with subepicardial
connective tissue; Abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm; More compact peripherally; Mitoses
rare
• EM: Abundant lysosomes with variably electron-dense content; peripherally
displaced nuclei; rare cytoplasmic organelles; abundant intercellular junctions (some
desmosomes); numerous long tortuous surface microvilli without rootlets or glycocalyx

Oligodendroglial dysplasia in 2 bullmastiff dogs. pp29-35. Jan 2006 COVER JTP

- leukodystrophy: inherited neuro disorders, involve CNS white matter
- young-adult Bullmastiffs w/moderate to severe ataxia of all limbs; whole-body tremor;
no gross lesions
- Numerous, MF pallid eosinophilic plaques (sharply demarcated, small, ovoid to
angular areas of myelin pallor)
throughout white matter tracts of brainstem & spinal cord; plaques often transversed by
axons, often associated w/minimal astrocytosis; LFB (myelin stain) negative
- No Gitter cells or spheroids; plaques lacked normal myelin sheaths
- EM: focal proliferation of tubule-containing voluminous cytoplasmic glial cell
processes (oligodendroglia)
- expanded nodes of Ranvier, which disrupts saltatory conduction along nerve
- Findings similar to Charolais ataxia (aka oligodendroglial dysplasia or progressive
ataxia)
- 1st report of oligodendroglial dysplasia in animals other than Charolais cattle

Oleic acid-associated bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia in beagle dogs.

pp183-85. March 2006 AR
• accidental intra-airway exposure of dogs w/pure oleic acid bronchiolitis
obliterans & bronchopneumonia
• necrosis of bronchioles & adjacent alveoli; hemorrhage, inflammation, fibrin
exudation
• hyperplasia of bronchiolar & alveolar epithelial cells
• proliferation of loose fibrovascular connective tissue forming polyps or plugs
• polyps in airways: fibroblasts w/loose or myxoid stroma, covered by attenuated
epithelium
• polyps/plugs variably effaced bronchioles and adjacent alveoli
• changes resembled human bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia (BOOP)

Vaginal Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Dog. Vet Pathol 43:186-188 (2006 Mar)

Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma endoscopy, multipapillary mass around urethral opening.

Deciduoid Peritoneal Mesothelioma in a Dog. Vet Pathol 43:198-201 (2006 Mar)

1: Deciduoid mesothelioma - coalescent whitish-gray nodules on the serosa
5a. TEM; Tumor cell, with regular, oval nucleus (arrows) and few cytoplasmic organelles
(arrowheads), and numerous elongated slender microvilli on the cell surface (short
arrows and inset). 5b. Mesothelial-type microvilli line an intracytoplasmic lumen.
Bar = (a) 1 µm; (b) 1.5 µm; (inset) 0.5 µm.

Feline large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma with secondary leukemia:

primary intestinal origin with
predominance of a CD3/CD8αα phenotype. pp15-28. Jan 2006 NW
- Main point: An intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL), CD3 +/CD8 
cytotoxic T cell: origin for feline large granular lymphocyte (LGL)
- Increased peripheral blood LGL counts - leukemia, neutrophilia
- Increased serum liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, BUN, and/or creatinine
- Advanced disease w/ death < 84 days (mean 18.8 days) post diagnosis – poor
prognosis
- Cytology – LGLs: immature > mature > mixed
- Sites of neoplastic cell infiltrates:
o Small intestine (jejunum>ileum>duodenum) – some are epitheliotropic
o Mesenteric LN, liver, spleen, kidneys, and/or bone marrow
- Phenotype of LGL neoplastic cell:
o T cell (CD3+)
 CD8+ cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype (most common)
o CD103 (11/19 cats) (CD103 = E; E7 = intestinal leukointegrin)

Giant cell osteosarcoma (OSA) in the calvarium of a cat. pp179-82. March 2006 MT
- Multinucleate giant cells (MGCs) VIM +, TRAP+, CD68, CD51 ; neg for S-100,
CK (suggests ocl origin);
- MGCs also MHC-II neg (suggests obl origin)
- ambiguous identity

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type-I-like syndrome in 2 cats. pp345-52. May 2006

AR
• 2 DSH cats: symmetric alopecia, insulin resistant DM, pit-dep. hyperadrenocorticism
• Skin: Atrophic dermatosis assoc w/hyperadrenocorticism; 1 also had paraneoplastic
alopecia assoc w/pancreatic adenocarcinoma
• Both cats: Multiple invasive pancreatic β-cell carcinomas, pituitary corticotroph
adenomas, thyroid C-cell & parathyroid chief cell hyperplasia; Pancreatic exocrine
adenocarcinoma
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN):
• MEN-1: Various combos of parathyroid, pituitary, and pancreatic endocrine tumors
o Also assoc with carcinoids, thyroid neoplasms, C-cell hyperplasia,
adrenocortical hyperplasia/adenoma, mesenchymal tumors
o Autosomal dominant with mutation of menin gene
• MEN-2A: Thyroid medullary carcinoma, pheochromocytoma & parathyroid
hyperplasia
• MEN-2B: Familial thyroid adenocarcinoma syndrome
• MEN-like syndromes in dogs, horses, bulls, ferrets, mice

Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Chronic Gastritis in Two Related Persian Cats. Vet
Pathol 43:358-362 (2006 May)
- Intralesional adult Ollulanus tricuspis nematodes and rare surface-associated spiral-
shaped bacteria were identified in one cat.
- No reports of gastric adenocarcinoma associated with O. tricuspis infection in the cat.
- Other helminths: Spirocerca lupi, Schistosoma sp., and Taenia taeniaeformis larvae,
are associated
- Helicobacter spp. associated with gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, ferrets
- Noninfectious chronic inflammatory lesions affecting the cat have a propensity for
malignant transformation: vaccine-associated sarcoma and trauma-induced uveal sarcoma

Multicentric physeal dysplasia in 2 cats. pp388-90. May 2006 NW

- 2 cats with feline physeal dysplasia and slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- The retention of an open physis and the disorganization of the chondrocytes is a
widespread, multicentric lesion (proximal and distal femurs and humerus) that
precedes atraumatic separation
- Physeal dysplasia in cats is a widespread multicentric disorder of chondrocytes that
precedes the development of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
- A condition of young, predominantly male, frequently overweight cats

Equine
2 cases of equine abortion caused by Rhodococcus equi. pp208-11. March 2006 JTP
- ubiquitous soil bacterium; infects horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, llamas, cats, humans
- usu. foal (2-6 months old) lesions: pyogranulomatous pneumonia, lymphadenitis,
polyarthritis, ulcerative enteritis
- Abortions at 7 & 8 months of gestation; cultured from aborted equine fetuses before,
but rare cause (JVDI 2002)
- FETUS: diffuse pyogranulomatous pneumonia w/numerous Gm+ coccobacilli w/in
cytoplasm of macs, MNGC (Langhans), less commonly neutrophils; similar lesions to
those observed in foals
- enhanced EMH w/megakaryocytosis in liver & spleen
- isolated from lung, liver, spleen, & stomach contents
- VapA antigen = virulence factor of R. equi; present in virulent strains

Severe pulmonary disease due to multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease

(MEED) in a horse. pp189-93. March 2006 JTP
- MEED usu. in young horses; eosinophilic & L-P infiltrates w/formation of
eosinophilic granulomas in multiple organs (pancreas, salivary glands, GIT, biliary &
bronchiolar epithelium, skin); poor prognosis
- skin lesions (& wgt loss) common: generalized chronic progressive exfoliative
dermatitis; eosinophilic, lymphoplasmacytic; marked acanthosis & hyperkeratosis
- this case w/only respiratory signs & wgt loss - lungs poorly collapsed & nodular;
pulmonary parenchyma w/innumerable discrete spherical nodules in military pattern -
similar nodules scattered in liver & renal LN
- histo: fibrosing eosinophilic granulomas, often w/central mineralization; also
bronchiolitis fibrosa obliterans (bronchiolar lumens filled w/fibrous tissue & inflamm.
cells)

Comparison of histopathologic criteria & skeletal muscle fixation techniques for the
dx of polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) in horses. pp257-69. May 2006 NW
- Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) is most accurately diagnosed in muscle
biopsy specimens on the basis of appearance of amylase-resistant, abnormal
polysaccharide, NOT amylase-sensitive glycogen, regardless of fixation technique.
- In general, frozen sections appeared to be better suited for studying myopathies
because many histopathologic features of skeletal muscle were obscured by formalin
fixation.

Ubiquitin expression in muscle from horses w/polysaccharide storage myopathy

(PSSM). pp270-75. May 2006 JTP
- Metabolic myopathy characterized by abnormal aggregates of PAS+, amylase-sensitive
glycogen, & PAS+, amylase resistant polysaccharide w/in myofibers; common in many
horse breeds
- No defect in glycolytic or glycogenolytic pathways – cause of PSSM unknown
- Ubiquitin: highly conserved ptn – covalently binds to other proteins to mark them for
degradation as part of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
- Ubiquitin expression in all but 1 PSSM-affected horse; was not detected in non-PSSM-
affected horses
- Glycogen aggregates develop & are ubiquitinated prior to development of amylase-
resistant inclusions
- Ubiquitin immunostaining no more sensitive than PAS staining for dx of PSSM
EXCEPT amylase sensitive glycogen aggregates. (Ubiqutination occurs before amylase
resistance develops. Ubiqutin picks up amylase resistant glycogen better, vice versa for
PAS).

Serial transverse sections of skeletal muscle; horse with polysaccharide storage myopathy
(EPSSM):
Subsarcolemmal (arrowheads) and multiple intracytoplasmic (arrows) aggregates of
periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive and amylase-sensitive glycogen, all of which express
ubiquitin

Large Animal/Bovine
1st & 2nd cattle passage of transmissible mink encephalopathy by intracerebral
inoculation pp118-26. March 2006 NW
- Intracerebrally inoculated cattle amplify transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME)
PrPres and develop clinical CNS signs and extensive lesions of spongiform
encephalopathy.
- Cattle inoculated with other TSE agents (scrapie and CWD) do NOT develop clinical
CNS signs or SE lesions.
- The current diagnostic techniques for BSE detect TME in cattle, but it is a diagnostic
challenge to differentiate TME in cattle from BSE by clinical signs, neuropathology,
or the presence of PrPres by IHC and Western Blots.
- Scrapie PrPSc causes lesions comparable to TME in mink
- The severity of spongiform change in cattle infected with TME-derived prion protein
ranks as follows:
Midbrain (superior colliculus) > brain stem (obex) > cerebellum >
hippocampus

Mucosal immune response in cattle with subclinical Johne’s disease. pp127-35.

March 2006 JTP. good paper
- Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, chronic granulomatous enteritis of wild
& domestic ruminants
- endocytosed by M cells of ileal Peyer’s patches, then phagocytosed by macs
- lepromatous lesions worse than tuberculoid, w/worse lymphoid response & more
intralesional organisms, less production of IFN-γ & IL-2
- during long subclinical period, organism persists in intestine despite systemic cellular
(Th1-type) & humoral immune responses; systemic spread occurs as CMI wanes
- infected cows w/increased % of T cells, but mostly memory (CD2+CD62L-) &
regulatory (CD4+CD25+) T cells also decreased % of T cells w/activated phenotype,
decrease in cells expressing MHC class II
- suggests generalized T & B cell hyporesponsiveness)
- so state of tolerance may exist in intestine of cows subclinically infected w/M. a.
paratb
- Proliferation of regulatory T cells than nonspecifically suppress mucosal immune
responsiveness
- Ileal response biased toward hyporesponsive memory & regulatory T-cell phenotype;
attenuated response

Morphological & IHC features of Cryptosporidium andersoni in cattle. March 2006

NW
- Prominent mucosal hyperplasia of abomasum in cattle infected with C. andersoni
- Five cattle (3-6y) with no clinical signs
- C. andersoni (round in shape, 6–8 µ m) in abomasums - freely located in the gastric
pits, being attached in occasional cases to the surface of the abomasums epithelium
- Lamina propria of the affected mucosa:
- Infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils
- Histological and ultrastructural features of C. andersoni organisms and its
mechanisms of attachment to epithelial cells might be similar to other
 Cryptosporidia
- Mucosal hyperplasia - Only in C. andersoni

Neuroblastoma with neuronal differentiation in the spinal cord in an Aberdeen

Angus heifer calf. pp193-97. March
2006 MT
- WHO: neuroblastoma = embryonal neuroepithelial neoplasm w/limited neuronal
differentiation; most common in
young cattle & dogs, usu. adrenal gland
- part of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) family; originate from multipotential
stem cell, medulloblastoma most
common in animals (mostly young cattle & puppies)
- histo: 1) undiff’d primitive polygonal to round cells (neuroectoderm)
2) areas w/myelinated axons & cells w/neuronal differentiation
- classic IHC: + for VIM, synaptophysin, NSE, S-100; neg for NF & GFAP
- Which marker is expressed in neuroepithelial progenitor cells and lost with further
differentiation: Nestin

Large Animal/Small Ruminant

IHC evaluation of inflammatory infiltrate in the skin & lung of lambs naturally
infected w/sheeppox virus. pp67-75. Jan 2006 NW (Turkey)
- Response to sheeppox virus (SPV) may be complex and involve mainly CD4+, CD8+
and γ σ + Tcells, IgM+ B cells,
and CD 21+ monocytes/ macrophages
- Cell-mediated immune response is predominant
- Vasculitis – Arthus reaction secondary to antibody-antigen complexes (IgM)
- SPV caused a down-regulation of MHC I and II express in both skin and lung
- Sheep pox cells (SPCs), which contain viral antigen:
- Monocyte and macrophages (CD14+ and CD172A+)
- Degenerative epithelial cells or fibroblasts (CD14- and CD172A-)

Swine
Expression of Mx protein & interferon-α (IFN-α) in pigs experimentally infected
with swine influenza virus. pp161-67. March 2006 NW
- Mx protein and IFN-α antigen were expressed in the lung from pigs experimentally
infected with swine influenza virus
- Simultaneous detection of viral RNA, Mx protein, and IFN-α in the
bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells and macrophages in lung
- Probably, the cells infected virus produce Mx protein and IFN-α
- Mx proteins mediate antiviral activity of IFN-α
- Antiviral activity of IFN-α in swine influenza is mediated by all of the following:
- 2’5’oligoadenylate synthetase, Protein kinase R, Mx1 protein
Mx proteins inhibit synthesis of viral protein

Evidence of breed-dependent differences in susceptibility to porcine circovirus type-

2(PCV2)-associated disease & lesions. pp281-93. May 2006 AR
• Predisposition of Landrace pigs to PCV-2 induced disease and lesions (PMWS)
• Low levels of passively acquired antibodies are protective

Pathogenicity of Vietnamese enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains in colostrum-

deprived 1-day-old piglets. pp150-160, Mar 2006 AR
• preweaning colibacillosis is major cause of death in Vietnam
o isolates belonging to serotype O8
o produced heat stabile and heat labile enterotoxins; did NOT produce any
of the recognized fimbriae
o hemagglutination: unique mannose-resistant hemagglutination activity
with guinea pig, sheep, human, & chicken red blood cells at 37°C, but not
18°C
o enterocyte brush border attachment - unidentified colonization factor
• inoculation into colostrum-deprived 1 day old piglets:
F- strain: acute watery diarrhea w/in 4 hrs; up to 20% weight loss
attached exclusively to ileum
EM demonstrated presence of fimbriae
Conclusion: new pathogenic ETEC fimbrial type in piggeries in Vietnam, with a unique
hemagglutination property and attachment characteristics similar to ETEC bearing F5
fimbriae.

Laboratory Animal
Expression of terminal differentiation proteins defines stages of mouse mammary
gland development. pp36-49. Jan 2006 MT [tough article]
- IHC on paraffin sections used to evaluate ptn expression while preserving architecture;
assessed changes in patterns of expression of terminal differentiation markers throughout
development of mouse mamm. gland
- Expression of SMA & keratin 5 (K5), K8/18, K14 influenced by development stage
of mamm. gland
- K5 & SMA restricted to basal cells; K14 consistently expressed by basal cells, & in
scattered luminal cells from post-conception day (PCD) 13.5 thru puberty
- K8/18 of luminal cells heterogenous at all times (suggests this layer has cells w/variety
of biological fxns)
- K6 not expressed at any stage – so this intermediate filament NOT a marker of mamm.
gland stem cell (K6 typically associated w/epidermal proliferation, & is seen in some
preneoplastic & neoplastic mouse mamm. lesions)
- No expression of K1, K10, K13, K15, filaggrin, involucrin, or loricrin at any stage (last
3 are epidermal differentiation markers in stratum granulosum of nml epidermis; K1 &
K10 are suprabasal terminal differentiation ptns)

Renal tubular-cell neoplasms in black-footed ferrets – 38 cases. pp276-80. May 2006

[Beth Williams an author]
- Captive adults (repopulation project), 21% prevalence (very hi); this tumor rare in
domestic ferret
- Rare mets, usu. incidental postmortem findings, only 8% w/CS prior; prevalence inc’d
w/age; most in postreproductive years, so no f/x on captive propagation; no hmnal
influence, no familial pattern (undtmned cause)
- Multiple tumors common; 18% w/bilateral; tubular cell neoplasia; couldn’t tell benign
vs. malignant
- Homogenous, firm, white to yellow, w/central necrosis/hemorrhage; densely cellular
nests of rudimentary tubular structures, separated by moderate fibrous stroma; common
osseous metaplasia (trabeculae)

Fatal poxvirus outbreak in a colony of New World monkeys (NWM). pp212-18.

March 2006 MT
- Pox virus uncommon in NHP
- Marmosets & tamarins w/epizootic; erosive-ulcerative lesions of oral mucous
membranes, hemorrhagic lesions on skin
all over, but MAINLY face, scrotum, soles, palms; papules & vesicles;
necrotizing lymphadenitis
- ICIB in epithelial cells; no ICIB in mucosal lesions; Guarnieri bodies = large ICIB in
epithelia, caused by infection with vaccinia or variola (smallpox)
- sequenced orthopox virus, probably cowpox (vaccinia) virus; EM – ovoid to brick-
shaped, w/pale central core

Avian/Exotic/Wildlife [know for histo/gross even if not VP section]

Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease (ND) in commercial & specific pathogen-free
(SPF) turkeys experimentally infected with isolates of different virulence. pp168-78.
March 2006 COVER JTP
- NCD < Avian paramyxovirus type 1 (Avulavirus)
- fusion protein major determinant of virulence; hemagglutinin-neuraminidase also
contributes
- lentogenic (low virulence): no CS
- mesogenic (moderate virulence): depression in some birds; some SPF w/mild
myocarditis
- velogenic (hi virulence, neurotropic or viscerotropic): severe depression + neuro signs
- lesions mostly in lymphoid, intestinal, & CNS tissues
- dz in turkeys less severe than in chickens
- chicken:
lentogenic = mild or inapparent respiratory infection
mesogenic = low mortality, acute respiratory dz, neuro signs in some
NVND = respiratory & neuro signs w/hi mortality
VVND = acute lethal, necrohemorrhagic lesions esp. in GIT
- IHC positive cells: lymphocytes, monocytes, myocytes, air sac epithelium,
Dendrites of Purkinje cells and glial cells in the molecular layer of the
cerebellum

Cerebellar hypoplasia associated w/an avian leukosis virus inducing fowl glioma.
pp294-301. May 2006 AR
• Fowl glioma-inducing virus (FGV) (in ALV subgroup A)→ astrocytoma, perineurioma
• Chickens inoculated w/FGV via yolk sac on day 7 incubation→ cerebellar hypoplasia
• Apoptotic granular cells were frequently observed in external granular layer and
molecular layer
• Cell loss induced obstruction of granular cell migration and disarrangement of
Bergmann's fibers in the molecular layer
The 2000 canine distemper epidemic in Caspian seals: pathology & analysis of
contributory factors. pp321-38. May 2006 COVER MT
- 10K dead seals in Caspian sea in 1 summer, following very mild winter; MF
pulmonary consolidation in both lungs
- Similar to K9 distemper: broncho-interstitial pneumonia, lymphocytic necrosis &
lymphoid depletion, ICIB in multiple epithelia
- Degeneration/necrosis of bronchiolar epithelium, w/sloughing & vacuolation; infiltrate
of neuts & lymphocytes; many bronchiolar ep cells w/ICIB; found Morbillivirus Ag
- Only other viral lesion identified was poxvirus-associated dermatitis (in one seal)
- Concurrent bacterial dz: Bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus phocae, Salmonella
dublin, S. choleraesuis, plus other infectious & parasitic orgs
West Nile Flavivirus polioencephalomyelitis in a harbor seal. pp58-61. Jan 2006 JTP
- WNV: Flavirus; transmitted by mosquitos; febrile, sometimes fatal illness
- progressive neuro dysfunction
- gross: hyperemia of brainstem & spinal cord vessels
- histo: nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis with glial nodules, spheroids,
neuronophagia, ring hemorrhages, a few
neutrophils; mostly grey matter of brainstem & spinal cord; no lesions in other
organs
- neurons, fibers, glial nodules with multifocal positivity with intracytoplasmic WNV
esp. prominent w/in viable & necrotic neurons of ventral horns
st
- 1 report of WNV in marine mammal; findings similar to WNV infection in horses &
alpacas; dead-end hosts

Abnormal prion protein in ectopic lymphoid tissue in a kidney of an asymptomatic

white-tailed deer experimentally inoculated w/the agent of chronic wasting disease
(CWD). pp367-69. May 2006 AR
• CWD in deer & elk→ accum. of abnormal prion protein (PrPres) in nervous & lymphoid
tissue
• This report: PrPres in ectopic lymphoid follicles in kidney of a white-tailed-deer 10
months after experimental infection with CWD
• Spongiform lesions in CNS; PrPres in CNS, lymphoid tissue, & lymphoid follicles in
kidney
• Previous report: PrPres in lymphoid follicles in organs other than CNS & lymphoid
tissues in mice with scrapie
• PrPres was not observed by IHC in striated muscles (heart, tongue, masseter,
diaphragm) of the experimental deer
Sudden death associated with Clostridium sordellii in captive lions. pp370-74. May
2006 NW
- The first report of sudden death associated with Clostridium sordellii in felines
- Sudden deaths in a group of adult lions with myositis and cellulitis associated
with acute clostridiosis
- Multiple areas of necrosis and hemorrhage in the intestinal outer muscular layer,
and cellulitis with an intense bloody edema in the mesenteric and the pericardial fat
tissue; enteritis

Spontaneous Deciduosarcoma in a Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet

Pathol 43:377-380 (2006 may)
Deciduosarcoma
- Hormonally dependent malignancy
- Reported only in rabbits in toxicology studies involving estrogens with or without
progestins
- Induced in female rabbits and in the spleens of castrated male rabbits given estrogen
CASE described:
- spindloid cells and large epithelioid cells
- Giant cells with large, bizarre, hyperchromatic nuclei were common
- Positive for vimentin and progesterone and estrogen receptors
- Negative for pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), cytokeratin 18, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle
actin (SMA), and CD10 (marker for nondecidualized endometrial stroma)

Intranuclear coccidiosis in tortoises: 9 cases. pp311-20. May 2006 JTP

- systemic infection, involving GIT, urogenital, respiratory, lymphoid, endocrine, & skin
- intranuclear trophozoites, meronts, merozoites, macrogametocytes, microgametocytes,
nonsporulated oocysts seen w/histo or EM
- histo: also see intracytoplasmic & extracellular stages
- variable degrees of inflammation in all cases
- most common coccidia of chelonians: Eimeria spp.
- some species of Eimeria, Isospora, & Cyclospora are caryotropic (have
intranuclear stages)
- Intranuclear coccidiosis associated with inflammation in all cases, was considered the
cause of death in six tortoises, and was a substantial contributing factor to the cause of
death in two tortoises

Listeric meningoencephalomyelitis in a cougar: characterization by histopathologic,

IHC, & molecular methods. pp381-83. May 2006 JTP
- Variably severe meningoencephalomyelitis w/lymphocytes, plasma cells, macs &
fewer neutrophils; grey & white
matter; MF rarefaction w/gitter cells & spheroids; perivascular pyogranulomatous
inflammation; rare Gm+ rods
- Most severe: mid/hindbrain, cerebellar white matter, spinal cord (esp. L1-L2)
- Listeria monocytogenes an important food-borne pathogen (esp. in ruminants, cause of
encephalitis & uterine
 infection/abortion); isolated from brain in this case (in large felids, usu.
septicemic form)
- Histo lesions pathognomonic: microabscesses the hallmark lesion; inflamm usu. mix of
suppurative & nonsuppurative
- Organism probably reaches brain thru trigeminal or hypoglossal nerves after invading
oral or nasal mucosa
(hematogenous spread unlikely)

Massive mortality of common carp in the St. Lawrence River in 2001: diagnostic
investigation & experimental induction of lymphocytic encephalitis. pp302-10. May
2006 NW
- A definitive single cause of the massive mortality that affected carp in the ST.
Lawrence River in 2001 was not determined.
- Exclusively affecting common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) in St. Lawrence River,
Canada, during summer of 2001
- Multifocal necrotizing dermatitis, necrotizing branchitis, coelomic inflammatory
effusion, encephalitis, and erosive enteritis
- The ultimate causes of mortality: Immunosuppression induced by stressors w/
opportunistic bacterial infection (Aeromonas hydrophila and Flavobacterium sp.)
and possibly enhanced by an infection causing lymphocytic encephalitis
(unknown etiology)

MISCELLANEOUS INFO:
• Sequences in expression of the markers during muscle development: Vimentin ™¨
desmin ™¨ myoglobin
• Neoplasms expressing both vimentin and cytokeratin include:
- Synovial sarcoma, Mesothelioma, Melanoma, Chordoma
- Sertoli cell tumor, Thyroid tumors,
- Renal carcinoma, Highly anaplastic carcinoma
• Natural infection of cowpox virus is most common in: Rodents