Basic Steps in Teaching Grammar

A. Stating the Grammar Rule

1. Give the Grammar rule Focus: To make the student aware of the
grammar rules
a. Parts of Speech nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs,
prepositions
b. Verb tenses present, past, future, perfect tenses
c. Subject-Verb agreement
2. Give the pattern for the rule Focus: to make the student
understand how to make sentences following the patterns
3. Give Examples Focus: To show the students how the patterns are
used; created as guides for the students to follow
Give as many examples as possible to make sure that the
student understands how to make sentences following the
patterns
B. Practice
1. Written form Focus: practice the grammar rules in form of simple
activities that were created for application
Activities should be creative, fun and extensive, in addition to
the activities in the book. It should supplement the contents of
the book for the purpose of real understanding and application
2. Spoken form Focus: An oral application of the different grammar
rules learned by the student
Creating questions and activities wherein the student can apply
the rules learned in grammar in spoken form
C. Testing Focus: Help the student prepare for the different examinations that
may be taken in Korea
1. Follow prescribed test sample for the week
2. Make corrections of the exams with the student to allow the
student to learn how to apply what he/she has learned in class

Basic Steps in Teaching Reading:

A. Unlocking of Difficulties: Vocabulary
1. Preparation:
a. Pre-read the reading passage yourself to determine what
vocabularies are contained in the passage
b. Choose the vocabularies that may be difficult for your student by:
i.
Checking the list of vocabularies, if there is
ii.
Making a judgment which vocabulary is difficult for
the student
c. Let your student look for the meaning of the words (as homework)
before you actually study the passage [make sure that you also
know the meaning of the words ]
2. Tackling the vocabularies
a. Ask the student to give the meaning of the vocabularies
b. Ask the student to make a sentence for each word in context with
the sentence in the reading passage
B. Lesson Proper
1. Oral Reading focus: pronunciation, intonation and phrasing
a. Modeling read the passage sentence per sentence allowing the
student to follow after you
b. Let the student read everything by himself/herself ; note down
the problems of the student
c. Make the student practice the mispronounced words; give
practice homework if necessary for further practice
2. Comprehension focus: identifying, sequencing, retelling,
summarizing, paraphrasing, predicting, concluding, inference
(depending on the level of the student)
a. Q & A refers to comprehension questions made for the student
to identify the main details of the reading passage
b. Higher level of checking for understanding refers to other
methods such as retelling, summarizing, sequencing, inference,
and the like to further check how much the student understood
the reading passage
This can be done in oral or written form
3. Discussion Focus: relating the reading passage to the students life,
allowing him to express his opinions, to speak more and to share what
he knows
The difficulty and depth of this part of the lesson depends on the
level of the student and the ability of the teacher to draw out
the ideas of the student
C. Testing Focus: Help the student prepare for the different examinations that
may be taken in Korea
1. Oral Test Focus: Recall of the correct pronunciation, intonation and
phrasing

2. Written Test Focus : Measure how much the student understands the
text through written exams patterned after the official tests in Korea;
correct the exams with the students for automaticity
Focus on each task one at a time, do not skip and do not
overlap

Basic Steps in Teaching Writing

A. Pre-writing
1. Basic
a.
b.
c.

Rules in writing
Capitalization
Punctuations
Basic grammar rules
i.
Subject-Verb agreement
ii.
Use of Proper Verb Tenses
d. Different kinds of Sentences
i.
Declarative
ii.
Interrogative
iii.
Exclamatory
iv.
Request
v.
Active and passive voice
e. Recognizing the difference of sentences and phrases

2. Understanding the task Focus: analysis of the questions or

instructions so the student would understand the task and address this
properly
Steps 3 and 4 are for students capable of writing paragraphs.
Students who are not able to do so should be limited to steps 1
and 2 until he/she is otherwise able to move on to the next steps
3. Brainstorming focus: gathering of ideas related to the topic/ task of
the question
4. Outlining focus: organizing the ideas that were brainstormed; allow
the student to differentiate major from minor details
B. Writing Proper
1. Making the first draft Focus: to allow the student to apply the basic
writing and grammar rules in written form
a. Addressing the task make the student answer the question,
make a description , etc. either in a sentence or paragraph,
depending on the level of the student, using the outline that was
made
b. Proofreading make the student read the sentences for
correction. Teach the student to recognize his/her own mistakes
and make the necessary corrections

2. Making the second draft Focus: to allow the student to make the
corrected version of his/her writing without the previous mistakes
C. Testing Focus: Help the student prepare for the different examinations that
may be taken in Korea
1. Writing exams Focus: make the student apply what was learned in
his/her writing lessons
2. Point system Focus : to quantitate the ability of the student to write
a. Lower levels give points for sentences that follow the basic
writing and grammar rules
b. Higher levels give points for grammar, vocabulary, content and
organization
Focus on each task one at a time, do not skip and do not
overlap
Basic Steps in Teaching Speaking
A. Pre-Speaking
1. Basic Rules in writing
a. Basic grammar rules
i.
Subject-Verb agreement
ii.
Use of Proper Verb Tenses
b. Different kinds of Sentences
i.
Declarative
ii.
Interrogative
iii.
Exclamatory
iv.
Request
v.
Active and passive voice
c. Basic Pronunciation rules
d. Recognizing the difference of sentences and phrases
2. Understanding the task Focus: analysis of the questions or
instructions so the student would understand the task and address this
properly
Steps 3 and 4 are for students capable of speaking in longer
sentences that address the task accurately. Students who are
not able to do so should be limited to steps 1 and 2 until he/she
is otherwise able to move on to the next steps
3. Brainstorming focus: gathering of ideas related to the topic/ task of
the question
4. Outlining focus: organizing the ideas that were brainstormed; allow
the student to differentiate major from minor details
B. Speaking Proper
1. Making the first attempt Focus: to allow the student to apply the
basic grammar and pronunciation rules in oral form
a. Addressing the task make the student answer the question,
make a description , etc. either in a sentence or longer,

depending on the level of the student, using the outline that was
made
b. Reading of his answer teacher writes down the grammatical
and pronunciation mistakes of the student, which will be read so
the mistakes be recognized and corrected by the student (task is
to make the aware of his/her mistakes and automatically correct
it later)
2. Making the second attempt Focus: to allow the student to make
the corrected version of his/her answer without the previous mistakes
C. Testing Focus: Help the student prepare for the different examinations that
may be taken in Korea
1. Speaking exams Focus: make the student apply what was learned in
his/her speaking lessons
2. Point system Focus : to quantitate the ability of the student to speak
a. Lower levels give points for sentences that follow the basic
pronunciation and grammar rules
b. Higher levels give points for grammar, vocabulary, content and
organization