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Objective
LTE
LTE
Long Term Evolution (LTE), also called EUTRA/E-UTRAN, and 3GPP2 UMB are named
Evolved 3G (E3G).
LTE is based on the OFDM technology. To
reduce the user-plane delay, LTE has no Radio
Network Controller (RNC). To a certain extent,
LTE is a revolution of the communication field
rather than an evolution.
The revolution makes the system inevitably
losing the compatibility of networks and terminals.
Thus, the devices at the network side and
terminal side must be updated and replaced.
According to the technology classification, LTE
belongs to the scope of 4G.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1 Users
30
2
3
7
1
6
4
5
Vulnerability:
C/I @ 17 dB
10 kHz
Typical Frequency Reuse N=7
30
GSM
Users
Vulnerability:
C/I @ 12-14 dB
2
3
4
200 kHz
Vulnerability:
Eb/No @ 6--7 dB
CDMA
1
1
1
20 Users
1
1
1
1
1
1
1250 kHz
1
1
High spectrum capacity: Under the same spectrum, the capacity is 8-10
times larger than the AMPS and 4-6 times larger than the GSM.
Adopts the unique soft handoff technology to decrease the call drop rate.
CDMA: For the cell/sector handoff, adopts the make before break
soft/softer handoff mode, effectively decreasing the call drop.
Other wireless systems: For the cell/sector handoff, adopts the make
after break hard handoff mode, easy to generate the call drop.
Technology
Mechanism
Average Transmission
Power
Maximum
Transmission Power
GSM
125mW
2W
CDMA
2mW
200mW
95A 95B
Technical
Upgrades
software.
Replaces
handsets to
obtain new
services.
Economical
Zero-cost
95B 1X
1X 1XEV
Adds the 1X
channel board.
Upgrades
software.
Upgrades
software.
Replaces
handsets to
obtain new
services.
Replaces
handsets to
obtain new
services.
Is determined
by
requirements
of new
services.
Is Determined
by
requirements
of new
services.
8.2
A Band
716
715
667
666
334
333
1
1023
991
B Band
Channel
Numbers
1019
37
78
119
160
201
242
283
384
425
466
507
548
589
630
691
736
777
**
*
CDMA A-Band Carriers
Frequency
point
A-band carrier
Center
frequency
283
691
384
777
HLRe
GMSCe
MSCe
other
Network
IP
transport
MGW
BBU
GMGW
BSCB
PDSN/FA
IP backbone
Network
HA
AAA
Core Network
Access Network
Internet
- F
H G
B F
HL
Networking
plan
Summary
Summary